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Introduction. Romance Notes

Historic City of Toledo — 2014 — WHEF2BB3E06BD

This study highlights the significance of urban spaces, particularly historic cities like Toledo, as strategic sites for exploring societal transformations and cultural production. It emphasizes the role of space as a heuristic tool capable of generating knowledge about epochal changes, moving beyond traditional historicism to integrate spatiality into critical analysis. The research draws on theories by Saskia Sassen and Michel Foucault, examining how urban centers such as Madrid and Mexico City serve as active agents in narrative and cultural production, influencing artistic, literary, and musical outputs. It underscores the importance of spatiality in contemporary studies, illustrating this through examples from Hispanic literature and film, and aligns with Lefebvre’s theoretical framework on social space.

Izbrani primeri upravljanja območij s kulturno dediščino

Stari Grad Plain — 2014 — WHE73C3E4CEDF

Cultural heritage management can significantly contribute to regional development when implemented thoughtfully, as demonstrated by selected case studies from Southeast Europe and beyond. The study highlights the multifaceted role of cultural heritage, including its potential for sustainable growth, while also addressing the adverse impacts of military conflicts on such sites over the past two decades. It examines diverse protection systems and intergovernmental efforts in the region, focusing on UNESCO-listed sites like Kotor, Gamzigrad, and the Stari Grad Plain, as well as notable examples from outside Southeast Europe, such as Bilbao and the Rhaetian Railway. The research underscores the importance of strategic management in preserving and leveraging cultural heritage for economic and social benefits.

Johan Gunnar Andersson: Archaeological Geologist and Pioneer

Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian — 2014 — WHE45F8F375A0

Johan Gunnar Andersson, a Swedish economic geologist, made groundbreaking discoveries during his time in China that significantly advanced the fields of archaeology and palaeontology. His most notable achievement was the discovery of the 'Peking Man' site at Zhoukoudian, which provided crucial insights into early human evolution in Asia. Through meticulous excavations and analysis, Andersson not only uncovered evidence of Homo erectus but also defined the prehistoric Chinese Neolithic Period based on his findings at the Yangshao site in Henan Province. His work, conducted without formal archaeological training, laid the foundation for modern archaeological methods in China and contributed to the establishment of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm, which houses many unique artifacts from his expeditions.

La production urbaine de salaisons en Algérie à l’époque romaine : l’exemple de Tipasa (Maurétanie Césarienne)

Tipasa — 2014 — WHEE5789291D1

Archaeological research at Tipasa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Algeria, reveals significant urban production of salted fish during the Roman era. While studies on coastal fish-processing workshops are well-documented in Morocco and Tunisia, investigations in Algeria remain limited. This study highlights the importance of Tipasa as a key center for this industry in the Maurétanie Césarienne region, contributing to our understanding of ancient economic activities in North Africa.

Large-scale automatic acoustic monitoring of African forest elephants' calls in the terrestrial acoustic recordings

Ivindo National Park — 2014 — WHE5BE7EBCF3F

An automatic detection system for African forest elephants' rumble calls, developed and tested using 432 hours of acoustic recordings from eight locations in Gabon, achieved a true positive rate of 79.19% with just 5.70 false positives per hour. The system's F1-score reached 0.77 when a high score threshold was applied, demonstrating its effectiveness in processing large-scale acoustic data. Applied to a dataset spanning 420 days over three years from Ivindo National Park, the system revealed distinct seasonal and daily patterns of call activity, as well as temporal variations, offering valuable insights into the communication behavior of these elusive animals.

Local Constructions of Vulnerability and Resilience in the Context of Climate Change. A Comparison of Lübeck and Rostock

Hanseatic City of Lübeck — 2014 — WHE3C9D13F805

Climate change perceptions vary significantly between similar geographical and physical conditions, shaped by cultural and social patterns. This study reveals that while physical aspects influence vulnerability and resilience to climate change, they are predominantly constructed through local discourses. In Lübeck, the strong Hanseatic tradition dominates climate change narratives, whereas in Rostock, the challenges of a transformation society shape these perceptions. The research employs social constructivism and actor-network theory to develop a heuristic model for empirical analysis, demonstrating how local cultural contexts interpret global climate change realities.

Looking at the Acropolis of Athens from Modern Times to Antiquity

Acropolis, Athens — 2014 — WHE22C247FA3F

A novel approach to understanding heritage, particularly the Acropolis of Athens, reveals that multiple layers of perception shape human engagement with such sites. The study introduces 'medium' as a method to analyze how people comprehend and interact with cultural heritage, demonstrating that these perceptions can influence actions and policies related to preservation. By examining the Acropolis from modern times to antiquity, the research provides insights into the evolving significance of this iconic site, offering a framework for interpreting complex layers of heritage.

Making Place for a Viking Fortress. An archaeological and geophysical reassessment of Aggersborg, Denmark

Viking-Age Ring Fortresses — 2014 — WHE4E1566893D

Aggersborg, Denmark's largest Viking-age ring fortress, may have replaced a significant earlier settlement with up to 350 sunken-featured buildings (SFBs), challenging previous understandings of its purpose and the broader 'Trelleborg' fortress group. A large-scale geophysical survey using magnetic gradiometry and ground-penetrating radar, combined with legacy excavation data, revealed previously unknown structures and clarified the extent of pre-fortress activity. This approach demonstrates how non-invasive methods can enhance interpretations of scheduled monuments, offering new insights into Viking-age political and tactical landscapes.

Measuring tourist activities in cities using geotagged photography

Historic Centre of Vienna — 2014 — WHEB1F847ED2E

A strong correlation exists between the number of geotagged tourist photographs and registered bed nights, offering a novel method to quantify tourist activities with high spatial precision. This approach leverages large datasets from image hosting platforms like Flickr.com, combining the accuracy of GPS tracking with the scalability of community-generated data. The study analyzed 16 European cities, with deeper comparisons conducted on Vienna, Prague, and Budapest—three historic tourist destinations with similar markets but distinct morphological constraints. Findings reveal both shared spatial patterns and key differences in tourist behavior, rooted in urban structure and local activity levels.

Medium to large size mammals of southern Serra do Amolar, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilian Pantanal

Pantanal Conservation Area — 2014 — WHEC34A655C56

A comprehensive inventory of medium to large-sized mammals in the southern Serra do Amolar, a critical biodiversity hotspot within Brazil's Pantanal biome, reveals 33 species from 18 families. This study, conducted non-invasively between 2009 and 2013 at Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve and Santa Tereza ranch, highlights the presence of endangered species like the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis), vulnerable species such as the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), and near-threatened species including the jaguar (Panthera onca). The findings underscore the region's significance for mammal conservation in a broader ecological context, addressing a critical gap in biodiversity data for this understudied area.

Merv, an archaeological case-study from the northeastern frontier of the Sasanian Empire

State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” — 2014 — WHE0E34696BF4

Archaeological evidence from Merv, a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the northeastern frontier of the Sasanian Empire, reveals how the empire effectively managed its resources across regions. By analyzing the oasis, city, and urban economy of Merv, researchers demonstrate that cross-regional comparisons with other Sasanian territories—such as Gorgan and Mesopotamia—shed new light on state-level resource management strategies. The study leverages recent archaeological findings to challenge or refine existing narratives about the empire's administrative and economic organization.

Micro Raman investigation on corrosion of Pb‐based alloy replicas of letters from the museum Plantin‐Moretus, Antwerp

Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex — 2014 — WHE9B6097110A

Corrosion of lead (Pb)-based alloys, particularly those containing antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn), can pose significant challenges for the conservation of historical artefacts. A study investigating replicas of letters from the Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex in Antwerp revealed that exposure to acetic and formic acid vapours leads to the formation of hydrated Pb and Sn acetates and formates, with Sb-rich specimens exhibiting increased volume and brittleness. Micro Raman Spectroscopy (μRS) also detected metallic Sb peaks, suggesting that Sb influences corrosion behaviour. This finding underscores the need for careful conservation strategies when dealing with Pb-based artefacts containing Sb, as their restoration can be complicated by these corrosion products.

Microbial Mats and Ichnofauna of a Fluvial-Tidal Channel in the Lower Pennsylvanian Joggins Formation, Canada

Joggins Fossil Cliffs — 2014 — WHE329CF1F94B

A meandering fluvial channel at Coal Mine Point, Joggins Fossil Cliffs, Nova Scotia, preserves an exceptional fossil assemblage that includes microbial mats and diverse ichnofauna. The wrinkled surface of the microbial mats was traversed by large arthropleurid trackways (Diplichnites cuithensis), alongside smaller Diplichnites gouldi trackways, tetrapod tracks (Pseudobradypus?, Dromillopus, Hylopus), and invertebrate traces (Cochlichnus, Gordia). These features collectively represent the Scoyenia ichnofacies. The mats likely stabilized the sediment surface, facilitating excellent trackway preservation, and may have served as a food source, though no feeding traces were identified. Overlying strata exhibit Protichnites followed by paired mud drapes and an impoverished Skolithos ichnofacies, suggesting brackish influence.

Microphysics of clouds and rain over the Western Ghat

Western Ghats — 2014 — WHE6344199C68

Shallow clouds over the Western Ghats produce heavy rainfall due to rapid condensational growth of cloud droplets, driven by orographic updrafts. Research reveals that collision-coalescence processes dominate rain formation, with distinct raindrop size distribution (DSD) patterns observed on both windward and leeward sides of the mountains. At Pune (lee side), DSD shapes transition from concave upward to downward during stratiform rain, indicating breakup processes at lower altitudes. Conversely, Mahabaleshwar (windward side) shows bimodal and monomodal DSDs for light and heavy rainfall, respectively, with small drops contributing significantly. Aircraft measurements confirm that ambient updraft speeds foster rapid droplet growth, leading to precipitation within a few hundred meters of cloud depth. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between cloud microphysics and orographic forcing in shaping rainfall over this UNESCO-listed region.

Mosses of the Egyptian conservation areas: III. Two new Pottiaceae records to Saint Catherine Protected Area and Egypt

Saint Catherine Area — 2014 — WHE138DBA64F2

Two moss species, Anoectangium handelii and Hymenostylium crassinervium, are newly recorded from Egypt's Saint Catherine Protected Area, marking the first documentation of these Pottiaceae species in the country. Additionally, Anoectangium Schwagr is identified as a new genus to Egypt. The study provides detailed descriptions, illustrations, and distribution insights for both species, contributing to the understanding of Egypt's bryophyte diversity within its UNESCO-listed conservation areas.

Neoproterozoic Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions from the Fanjingshan Region, South China: Implications for Subduction-Related Magmatism in the Jiangnan Fold Belt

Fanjingshan — 2014 — WHEAA44A0229B

Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic intrusions from the Fanjingshan region, South China, provide evidence of subduction-related magmatism preceding the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks. These rocks, primarily olivine pyroxenites and gabbros, show minimal crustal contamination and isotopic signatures indicative of a mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids and melts. Their compositional similarities to Alaskan-type intrusions further support their formation in a subduction-related environment. The study utilized geochemical and isotopic analyses (e.g., εNd(t), 207Pb/204Pb, Os-Re-Os) to characterize the magmatic sources and processes, offering insights into the tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan Fold Belt during the Neoproterozoic.

Neutron star glitches have a substantial minimum size

Jodrell Bank Observatory — 2014 — WHE20E14E1ED6

Neutron star glitches, sudden spin-up events that disrupt the steady slowdown of pulsars, exhibit a substantial minimum size, contrary to previous assumptions. Analyzing 29 years of daily observations from Jodrell Bank Observatory, researchers uncovered the full glitch size distribution for the Crab pulsar, revealing a rapid decline in smaller glitches below approximately 0.05 microhertz. This finding suggests that glitches involve the motion of billions of superfluid vortices and provides a new observable to identify their trigger mechanisms. Additionally, glitches were distinct from other rotational irregularities, supporting the notion that they originate differently from timing noise.

New Approaches to Understanding the World Natural and Cultural Heritage by Using 3D Technology: UNESCO's Škocjan Caves, Slovenia

Škocjan Caves — 2014 — WHEC22D8FF17A

Škocjan Caves exemplify the interconnectedness of natural and cultural heritage through their karstic landscape. This study demonstrates that caves are integral to the broader surface landscape, challenging traditional isolation in documentation. By employing 3D technology, researchers integrated cave records with surface data, revealing how anthropogenic processes have shaped the landscape over time. The approach offers a novel methodology for understanding complex heritage systems, where natural and human activities coexist dynamically.

New Data from Fortified Coastal Settlement of Cap de Forma, Mahon, Menorca (Balearic Islands)

Talayotic Menorca — 2014 — WHE858A6D6539

Radiometric analysis of archaeological layers at the fortified coastal settlement of Cap de Forma, Menorca, reveals new insights into the early Talayotic period. The study, conducted on a site adjacent to a cyclopean monument and necropolis near an ancient harbor, identified three living spaces dating back to the beginning of this protohistorical phase (c. 1200–900 BCE). This challenges previous assumptions about the chronological horizon of the site's artifacts, which were predominantly linked to later periods. The findings suggest a more complex settlement pattern and longer occupation than previously thought, providing critical evidence for understanding the transition from pre-Talayotic to Talayotic societies in the Balearic Islands.

New Discoveries from Excavations inside Jaffa Gate of Old City Jerusalem

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2014 — WHEF491DE81E3

Recent excavations near Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem's Old City have uncovered significant ancient architectural features, including a segment of the Byzantine-era upper aqueduct integrated into the city wall and a section of the Decumanus, the main east-west street. A spacious building from the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods, possibly part of the western gate structure, was also discovered above these ruins. Additionally, the outer walls of the Tower of David’s Citadel moat were exposed, revealing its evolution from the medieval period to the 12th century. Among the finds were remnants of a city wall demolished before Kaiser Wilhelm II's 1898 visit and modern structures from Jordanian rule. These discoveries provide new insights into Jerusalem's urban development, water supply systems, and road networks during the Second Temple, Roman, and Byzantine periods.