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Design and Space in Parliament (Chapter 6)

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2018 — WHEFA6D782C3D

The architecture and spatial design of the Palace of Westminster significantly influence political culture, shaping user interactions such as inspiring deference, augmenting partisanship, or perpetuating democratic inequalities. This study highlights three key elements: the building's external projection, its internal structure, and how these affect space usage. It traces the historical evolution of Parliament's design, including attempts to modify it, while addressing challenges in assessing its impact. The research combines architectural analysis with political science to demonstrate that design is not merely aesthetic but a fundamental component of democratic processes.

Design of PHAROS2 Phased Array Feed

Jodrell Bank Observatory — 2018 — WHEC7F5A7013B

PHAROS2, a cryogenically cooled Phased Array Feed (PAF) with digital beamforming capabilities, represents a significant advancement in radio astronomy technology. Designed to synthesize four independent single-polarization beams using 24 Vivaldi antennas, PHAROS2 builds upon the success of its predecessor, PHAROS. Key innovations include the integration of commercial cryogenic Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), a warm section for signal processing and downconversion, and an analog Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) fiber-optic link for Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal transportation. The FPGA-based Italian Tile Processing Module (iTPM) digital backend further enhances its functionality. PHAROS2 is set to be mounted at the primary focus of the 76-meter diameter Lovell radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, UK, for technical and scientific validation, marking a crucial step towards improving the capabilities of large reflector telescopes in radio astronomy.

Designing Peace in Hiroshima

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) — 2018 — WHE1D092C6A73

Hiroshima's post-war reconstruction centered around the Hiroshima Municipal Stadium, symbolizing resilience and community healing after the atomic bombing. Opened in 1957 with citizen-funded support, the stadium became a geographical and cultural anchor for the city, embodying Hiroshima's memorial historical origins. Its demolition due to physical deterioration prompted rejuvenation plans, including proposals for a new soccer stadium, which may not align with Hiroshima's broader vision: 'to become a worldwide pride for citizens.' This thesis proposes a master plan for the site adjacent to the sacred Peace Memorial Park, addressing its future development while preserving its significance as a symbol of peace and reconstruction.

Desmonostoc danxiaense sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from Danxia mountain in China based on polyphasic approach

China Danxia — 2018 — WHED27E4EF7DD

Researchers have identified and described a new species of cyanobacterium, Desmonostoc danxiaense, from the UNESCO World Heritage Site China Danxia. This discovery expands the recently established genus Desmonostoc, known for its macroscopic colonies with mucilaginous envelopes and long akinete chains. The study employed a polyphasic approach, combining morphological traits with molecular data from 16S rRNA gene sequences and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) regions, including secondary structure analysis. Phylogenetic clustering revealed that D. danxiaense is closely related to other Desmonostoc species but distinct in phenotypic characteristics and genetic markers. This finding contributes to the understanding of cyanobacterial diversity in unique geological environments like Danxia's colorful sandstone formations.

Despertar el pasado, sembrar el territorio: La restauración de la memoria indígena en el pueblo nasa de Tierradentro Colombia, 1971–2016

National Archeological Park of Tierradentro — 2018 — WHE828036D890

A deep-seated indigenous memory, rooted in ontological communication with the landscape, was awakened among the Nasa people of Tierradentro, Colombia, following a 1994 earthquake. This seismic event became a catalyst for restoring cosmic balance and reinforcing territorial identity, embodying resistance through the concept of 'avalanche'—a metaphor for both natural disaster and indigenous resilience. The study reveals how memory restoration practices, spanning from 1971 to 2016, serve as tools for re-establishing equilibrium and extending Nasa subjectivity beyond Tierradentro, thereby expanding the scope of indigenous resistance. Research employed qualitative analysis of oral histories, archaeological evidence, and ethnographic observations to explore the interplay between memory, territory, and subjugation processes.

Detection of Buried Mine Shafts by Ground Conductivity Mapping - Two Examples from the Walloon Coalfield (Belgium)

The Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louvière and Le Roeulx (Hainaut) — 2018 — WHE6AA7F9D030

Ground conductivity mapping effectively detects buried mine shafts, offering precise relocation and uncovering previously unknown shafts. This method proved highly successful in two Walloon coalfield sites (Sambreville and La Louvière), with results varying based on local geology and shaft abandonment conditions—backfilled or unbackfilled shafts. The study highlights its potential for future development projects, marking a significant advancement in using geophysical surveys to mitigate post-mining hazards and geotechnical risks in the region.

Determination of Risk Indicators for Establishing the Health Evaluation System of Old Trees

Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong — 2018 — WHEC9E40BE63E

A Chinese juniper tree in Gyeongju's Yangdong village, part of the UNESCO-listed Historic Villages of Korea, has been assessed as healthy with a score of about 70 out of 100, placing it at Level C. This evaluation was conducted using a risk indicator-based health assessment system, which categorizes trees into five levels based on weighted scores. The study, involving 30 old trees, demonstrates the practicality and scientific validity of this system in accurately reflecting the actual condition of heritage trees. It also highlights the need for urgent intervention for high-risk trees to ensure their preservation. This research provides a methodical approach to monitoring and managing old trees, crucial for landscape construction and heritage protection.

Determination of Stimulating Factors of Wild Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) Dispersal from the Kaeng Krachan National Park to Surrounding Land Use in Thailand

Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex — 2018 — WHE1BA9899C3E

A key factor influencing the dispersal of wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) from Kaeng Krachan National Park into adjacent agricultural lands is the presence of water sources near the park's border. The study identified six elephant trails, primarily aligned east-west, leading to major reservoirs like Deng, Paloa, and Kralang, which are located within 10–30 km of communities and at elevations of 170–380 meters above mean sea level with gentle slopes (<10%). Satellite imagery analysis revealed significant land-use changes from 1975 to 2011, showing a shift from near-complete forest cover to agricultural and community areas, which disrupted elephant trails through fragmentation. The research also found indirect evidence of elephant activity along these trails, such as dung piles, feeding signs, and footprints. These findings underscore the importance of water development for elephants within conserved forests, suggesting that local community-based natural resource management could mitigate conflicts arising from land-use changes.

Deux représentations contradictoires d’un mode de vie insulaire. Patrimoine ou habitat sur l’île de Djerba en Tunisie ?

Djerba: Testimony to a settlement pattern in an island territory — 2018 — WHE3BD9341189

Two contrasting perspectives on island settlement patterns emerge from this study of Djerba, Tunisia. The research highlights the tension between economic development—driven by tourism and rental practices—and heritage preservation, focusing on traditional agricultural and residential units called 'menzel' and 'houch.' While local stakeholders, including the Association for the Preservation of Djerba (Assidje), advocate for protecting these structures as cultural heritage, others prioritize their adaptation to modern demands. The study reveals how this duality shapes environmental transformation and raises critical questions about balancing heritage conservation with evolving land-use practices.

Development of Employment Sub-centres in the City of Ahmedabad, India

Historic City of Ahmadabad — 2018 — WHE0657066C00

Research on Ahmedabad, India, reveals significant urban development trends characterized by the emergence of new employment sub-centres and the rapid growth of peripheral areas, indicating sprawl-type development and polarization reversal. The study found that retail and commercial sectors have experienced exponential growth from 1980 to 2010, while industrial sector growth has stagnated. This heterogeneous development is strongly linked to access to labour and transport infrastructure, providing critical insights for urban planners in locating future employment activities and transit-oriented development nodes.

Development of Web-Based GIS for the Cultural Heritage of Safranbolu, Turkey

City of Safranbolu — 2018 — WHE7DA179CC39

A web-based GIS system was successfully developed to document and model Safranbolu's cultural heritage, enabling the 3D visualization of historical buildings using close-range photogrammetry. This approach integrates diverse data sources into an accessible online platform, facilitating heritage preservation and tourism. Safranbolu, a UNESCO-listed site in Turkey, benefits from this system, which enhances the protection and revitalization of its architectural legacy. The study demonstrates how digital tools can bridge gaps between historical documentation and public engagement, offering a scalable model for other heritage sites.

Developmental Dynamics, Energetics, and Complex Economic Interactions of the Early Maya of the Mirador-Calakmul Basin, Guatemala, and Campeche, Mexico

Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche — 2018 — WHE9DE1D4B2C3

By no later than 600–400 B.C., the late Middle Preclassic period, the Mirador-Calakmul Basin in northern Guatemala and southern Campeche, Mexico, witnessed the emergence of a state-level society characterized by complex economic interactions. This conclusion is drawn from archaeological evidence including long-distance exchange systems, sophisticated architecture, and advanced agricultural strategies. A mutually sustaining relationship between specialists and a governing elite likely fostered innovation, with lasting implications for subsequent cultural development spanning over a millennium. The study integrates developmental dynamics, energetics, and economic interactions to elucidate the foundational structures of this early Maya civilization.

Diagnosis cultural y natural de la Ruta Huichol a Huiricuta: Criterios para su inclusión en la lista de Patrimonio Mundial

Wixárika Route through Sacred Sites to Wirikuta (Tatehuarí Huajuyé) — 2018 — WHE51EBA5F708

A comprehensive diagnosis of the Wixárika Route through Sacred Sites to Wirikuta (Tatehuarí Huajuyé) in Mexico highlights its exceptional cultural and natural value, justifying its inclusion as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This route, spanning 135,360 hectares across Nayarit and San Luis Potosí, serves as a vital corridor for the Wixárika people's pilgrimage, integrating sacred sites, diverse ecosystems, and traditional practices. The study identifies unique attributes such as its role in cultural exchange, ritual significance, and biodiversity conservation, meeting multiple UNESCO criteria (iii, v, vi, x). Despite its potential universal importance, the route faces threats from resource exploitation and development pressures. The research, based on over 20 field expeditions spanning two decades, combines ethnographic, biological, and legal data to support its nomination as an Associative Cultural Landscape, emphasizing the deep interplay between culture and nature.

Diatom evidence of 20th century ecosystem change in Lake Baikal, Siberia

Lake Baikal — 2018 — WHE0922E9BC14

Lake Baikal, the world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake, has shown significant ecosystem changes over the past two decades due to atmospheric warming. Recent sediment core analysis reveals a shift in pelagic diatom communities, with a marked increase in the cosmopolitan species Synedra acus and a decline in endemic species such as Cyclotella minuta and Stephanodiscus meyerii. These changes, particularly pronounced in the south basin since the 1990s, align with predictions of diatom responses to warming, including reduced ice cover duration and stronger thermal stratification. Contrastingly, the north basin shows no evidence of recent diatom response despite significant ice cover decline. The study also finds no indication of eutrophication from deep water sediments, though localized shoreline pollution from inadequate sewage treatment poses a growing threat. This research underscores the urgent need for action to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on Lake Baikal's unique ecosystem.

Diatoms from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska, USA

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2018 — WHEC0E4CC805B

A comprehensive survey of diatom biodiversity in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska, reveals 139 taxa from lake, stream, spring, and glacier habitats, with springs exhibiting the highest species richness due to their stable conditions. The study highlights two notable discoveries: Surirellaarctica, previously known only from the High Arctic north of 68°N, and Gomphonemacaperatum, a disjunct taxon with a restricted distribution in montane regions of eastern and far western contiguous United States, marking its first recorded presence in Alaska. The findings contribute to understanding diatom biogeography in the northern Rocky Mountains and provide high-resolution light microscope images for taxonomic identification.

Die Armenierviertel in den Städten der Ukraine (14. – 18. Jahrhundert)

L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre — 2018 — WHE72645FDB19

Armenian quarters in Ukrainian towns, spanning from the 14th to 18th centuries, were not as large or architecturally distinct as those in Crimea, and their development was influenced by population stability, legal autonomy, and social communities. These quarters, existing in over 20 towns, gradually lost their Armenian identity due to assimilation, particularly during the Polish counterreformation, when Armenians faced discrimination leading to architectural integration with prevailing Ukrainian-Polish styles. The study critiques existing research for inadequate evaluation of cartographical, textual, and archaeological sources, advocating for a more rigorous methodological approach to avoid misinterpretations. It highlights four 17th-century archival sources from Lviv illustrating real estate ownership, emphasizing the need for deeper analysis of iconographic and textual materials.

Die Ausgrabungen in Taxila

Taxila — 2018 — WHE9984D23162

Taxila, first introduced to the Western world through Alexander the Great's Indian campaign, emerges as a significant historical and cultural hub. This study highlights Taxila's dual importance: its strategic location along a major trade route connecting India with West and Central Asia, and its renown as an educational center, particularly noted in indigenous sources for its university status. The research, based on archaeological findings and historical accounts, underscores Taxila's role as one of the most populous cities between the Indus and Hydaspes rivers, as described by Arrian. The study employs a combination of historical documentation and geographical analysis to elucidate Taxila's historical significance, offering insights into its cultural, economic, and academic prominence during antiquity.

Die Bauhäusler Franz Ehrlich und Fritz Ertl

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2018 — WHE920ED86B5E

This study reveals the complex and contrasting biographies of two Bauhaus graduates, Franz Ehrlich and Fritz Ertl, who both studied under Hannes Meyer at the Bauhaus Dessau. Their lives exemplified the social, cultural, and political contradictions inherent in the Bauhaus movement during the Weimar Republic era. Ehrlich became a prominent architect and furniture designer in post-war East Germany (GDR), while Ertl was involved in the planning of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and later acquitted in the Vienna Auschwitz Trial. The research approach involves analyzing their biographies to highlight these contrasts, providing insight into the dual nature of Bauhaus graduates' political affiliations and professional trajectories.

Dieta y ámbito hogareño del gato feral, Felis catus (Carnivora: Felidae) en la Isla Socorro, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, México

Archipiélago de Revillagigedo — 2018 — WHEC9E0268D28

Research on feral cats (Felis catus) in Isla Socorro, part of the UNESCO-listed Revillagigedo Archipelago, reveals critical insights for their eradication to protect local biodiversity. Analysis of stomach contents from 79 cats showed their diet primarily consisted of domestic mice (22.16%), endemic lizards (Urosaurus auriculatus, 15.09%), anthropogenic waste (15.09%), and insects (Orthoptera, 13.20%). Telemetry tracking of four cats using GPS/VHF collars further uncovered significant differences in home range sizes: males averaged 219.10 hectares, while females averaged 118.86 hectares. These findings are pivotal for planning effective eradication efforts, as they inform the required trapping density and bait distribution to minimize environmental impact during ongoing conservation actions.

Different voices from community groups to support sustainable tourism development at Iranian World Heritage Sites: evidence from Bisotun

Bisotun — 2018 — WHEB74178CD66

Support for sustainable tourism development (SSTD) at UNESCO World Heritage Sites varies significantly among community groups, with farmers, businesses, handicraft sellers, and local government employees exhibiting distinct perspectives. A study of Bisotun, Iran, found that while community attachment, involvement, and perceived benefits universally positively influence SSTD, the strength of these effects differs across groups. This suggests tailored strategies are needed to engage diverse stakeholders effectively. The research employed structural equation modeling on survey data from 489 respondents, applying social exchange and identity theories to analyze group-specific dynamics in a developing country context.