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Diversité biologique des enfants décédés en période périnatale et traitements funéraires au Kerma classique : Les exemples de la nécropole 8B-51 (Kerma classique, Nord Soudan) et des cimetières de Blandy-les-Tours (Xe-XIIe siècle, France) et de Provins (XIIIe-XVIIIe siècle, France)

Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs — 2018 — WHE24B0108411

A groundbreaking study reveals significant biological diversity among perinatally deceased individuals, challenging traditional assumptions about this understudied demographic. Analyzing 116 subjects from three archaeological collections—including the medieval town of Provins—and a virtual modern dataset, researchers identified distinct population-specific variations and age-related asymmetries. Notably, the Kerman group exhibited high biological proximity, potentially indicating endogamy, while medieval and modern groups showed greater diversity, reflecting socio-geographical or secular factors. The study also introduces muscle insertion regions as a new indicator of neonatal vitality and identifies cervical supernumerary ribs—a first in archaeological contexts—as a marker of morbidity. By integrating biological data with funeral practices from the 8B-51 necropolis in Sudan, this research offers unprecedented insights into perinatally deceased individuals' societal status and treatment.

Diversity of Bacteria and the Characteristics of Actinobacteria Community Structure in Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert of China

Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes — 2018 — WHE48DCCAAC68

Actinobacteria, particularly the Geodermatophilaceae family, emerge as dominant and ubiquitous components of desert microbial communities in China's Badain Jaran and Tengger Deserts. This study reveals that Geodermatophilaceae constitute a significant proportion (35% in Badain Jaran Desert, 29.4% in Tengger Desert) of the bacterial diversity, suggesting their critical ecological role in these extreme environments. High-throughput sequencing identified 3,365 and 1,250 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the two deserts, respectively, with Arthrobacter and Kocuria genera prevailing among actinobacterial communities. Cultivation techniques isolated 786 strains from Badain Jaran Desert and 376 from Tengger Desert, including novel taxa with potential for producing secondary metabolites. Notably, 10.36% of isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity, highlighting their biotechnological significance. The findings underscore the ecological importance of Geodermatophilaceae in desert sands and point to unexplored microbial diversity with potential applications.

DNA barcoding of fishes from River Diphlu within Kaziranga National Park in northeast India

Kaziranga National Park — 2018 — WHE2976F56125

A DNA barcoding study of fishes from River Diphlu within Kaziranga National Park, a critical rhinoceros and tiger conservation site, revealed 48 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) from 103 specimens, with congruence between morphological and molecular identifications in around 80% of cases. The research contributed barcodes for eight species lacking or ambiguous records in databases, while also identifying four 'near threatened' and two data deficient species according to the IUCN Red List. The study highlights the potential of DNA barcoding for biodiversity research in northeast India, emphasizing its role in resolving taxonomic ambiguities and covering endemic species.

Dni Cesarskie i poświęcenie kościoła na Zamku Wysokim w Malborku w 1902 r.

Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork — 2018 — WHE5658E6AE97

In 1902, the Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork witnessed a significant historical event: the consecration of its church during the 'Kaiser’s Days,' a ceremonial visit by German Emperor Wilhelm II. This study reconstructs the political and religious dimensions of the occasion, analyzing official records, contemporary accounts, and architectural documentation to contextualize the event within the broader history of the castle. The research highlights the symbolic importance of the consecration, marking a pivotal moment in the castle’s transformation under German rule while underscoring its enduring legacy as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Do visitors gaze and reproduce what destination managers wish to commercialise? Perceived and projected image in the UNESCO World Heritage area 'West Norwegian Fjords'

West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord — 2018 — WHE1378C09E5A

A study examining the West Norwegian Fjords UNESCO World Heritage Sites found that tourists do not consistently reproduce the commercialized images promoted by destination managers. Contrary to expectations, Instagram users' shared photographs did not align with the projected image intended for marketing purposes. This challenges the notion of a 'hermeneutic circle of representation,' where tourists would mirror the commercialized narrative. The research employed a photography-based analysis comparing official promotional images with user-generated content from Instagram. Findings suggest that social media and user-generated content introduce complexity, reducing the control tourism suppliers have over image projection. This insight is critical for understanding how destination imaging influences tourism dynamics in protected areas.

Documenting, disseminating and archiving data from the Teotihuacan Mapping Project

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2018 — WHE330FF16B03

A comprehensive analysis and re-examination of data from the Teotihuacan Mapping Project (TMP) has significantly advanced our understanding of the Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan. This study coalesces vast quantities of TMP data, integrating them into The Digital Archaeological Record to provide a unified dataset that offers new insights into this ancient city's structure and history. By leveraging advanced mapping techniques and thorough archival processes, researchers have created a robust framework for future studies, ensuring the preservation and accessibility of critical archaeological information.

Double Crossings: The Tangled Tale of the Forth Road Bridges

The Forth Bridge — 2018 — WHE7B068F77EA

The Queensferry Crossing, part of the Forth Road Bridges, stands as a stark contrast to Britain's industrial heritage. This essay highlights the decline of British engineering prowess, questioning why UK firms failed to secure major contracts despite the project's significance. It explores the economic and cultural implications, suggesting that the Queensferry Crossing reflects a broader erosion of Britain's industrial capabilities. The analysis focuses on the comparative aspects between the earlier Forth Road Bridge—British-designed, built, and material—and its successor, underscoring the shift in global engineering dynamics.

Double Trauma and Manifold Narratives: Jews’ and Muslims’ Representations of the Departure of Moroccan Jews in the 1950s and 1960s

Historic City of Meknes — 2018 — WHE1BDDF61FA2

A shared trauma persists in Morocco regarding the departure of Jews in the 1950s and 1960s, with narratives from both Jewish and Muslim communities revealing fragmented memories. The study, based on oral histories from Meknes, highlights a shift in perception during the Six-Day War (1967), where Jews were reimagined as 'courageous' rather than 'fearful,' disrupting prevailing Muslim stereotypes. This transition challenged societal norms around virility and loyalty, leaving an unresolved emotional wound. Despite differing social class perspectives, the issue remains sensitive, with Muslims suppressing recollections of a 1967 incident involving Jewish victims. Jewish memories oscillate between fear and nostalgia, underscoring the complex, multifaceted legacy of this historical upheaval.

Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2018 — WHEFA8BF81005

Researchers have reported the draft whole-genome sequences of five Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates sourced from environmental samples and bird feces collected in New Zealand's Subantarctic Islands. This study provides valuable genomic data that could enhance our understanding of bacterial diversity and potential ecological roles in remote, pristine environments like UNESCO World Heritage Sites. By analyzing these isolates, scientists aim to uncover insights into the bacterium's adaptability, genetic traits, and its interaction with wildlife and environmental factors in such unique settings.

Dragon tourism in Komodo, eastern Indonesia 1

Komodo National Park — 2018 — WHEC7222FF51A

Tourism development in Komodo National Park was shaped by a management plan implemented in the 1980s. The study highlights concerns about the park's human population and its impact on the ecosystem, particularly in settlements like Kampung Komodo and Kampung Rinca, which were recommended to remain within the reserve. Meanwhile, three other settlements were advised for relocation due to environmental pressures. The management plan, prepared by UNDP and FAO for the Indonesian government, addressed the challenges of sustainable tourism in a region characterized by rugged islands with strong tidal currents and a dry maritime environment, aiming to balance conservation with local economic needs.

Dragonflies and Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of the Republic of the Marshall Islands

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2018 — WHE5CAC2A4D5E

A survey of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) in the Republic of the Marshall Islands identified seven species, including two damselflies (Tanymecosticta sp. and Ischnura aurora) and five true dragonflies (Anax guttatus, Diplacodes bipunctata, Pantala flavescens, Tholymis tillarga, and Tramea transmarina). The study confirms breeding for six species, widely distributed in the Pacific, while noting that the record of Pantala flavescens as a pioneer species on Bikini Atoll after nuclear testing requires verification. The research highlights the limited odonate fauna due to small island size, habitat constraints, and isolation, suggesting few additional species are likely to be discovered despite gaps in sampling across the archipelago.

Drifting Southward? Tracing Aspects of Cultural Continuity and Change in the Late 2nd Millennium BC Syro-Anatolian Region

Arslantepe Mound — 2018 — WHE174D59BF31

Arslantepe Mound, a significant archaeological site in southeastern Turkey, showcases complex cultural dynamics during the Late Bronze Age. The study reveals that while the site maintained continuity with Hittite traditions following the fall of the Hittite Empire, it also exhibited emerging influences from the western Euphrates valley and inner Syrian regions. This dual pattern of local identity preservation and extra-regional contact suggests a nuanced relationship between Arslantepe and its neighboring areas, shaped by cross-cultural interactions. The research employs a diachronic perspective to integrate Late Bronze Age material into a broader historical context, providing insights into the transformations in cultural relationships over time.

Drifting Southward? Tracing Aspects of Cultural Continuity and Change in the Late 2nd Millennium BC Syro-Anatolian Region

Arslantepe Mound — 2018 — WHE2FE13FA6DE

Arslantepe Mound, a site with over a thousand years of occupation in southeastern Turkey, exhibits complex patterns of cultural continuity and change during the Late Bronze Age. Research reveals that while Hittite influence was prominent in material culture, local traditions persisted even after the fall of the Hittite Empire. The study identifies new trends emerging from the Euphrates valley and northern Levant, suggesting dynamic cross-cultural relationships. By comparing Early Iron Age artifacts at Arslantepe with those from neighboring regions, the research highlights both local identity and broader extra-regional contacts, offering insights into the transformations in regional interactions during this period.

Drinking water and chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

Sacred City of Anuradhapura — 2018 — WHE2A7DA7F620

In Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, contaminated water is increasingly recognized as a key factor in chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu). This study reveals that local perceptions of water pollution, reinforced by media and research, have driven behavioral changes among villagers while also influencing government policies. The findings highlight how sociocultural narratives about water intersect with biomedical evidence to shape public health responses, reinforcing existing social hierarchies in the process.

Drivage of a new incline with a roadheader at Ombilin Coal Mine, Indonesia

Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto — 2018 — WHE654C67F99C

A collaborative project between Japan and Indonesia successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using heavy-duty roadheaders for incline drivage at Ombilin III, a new underground coal mine in Sawahlunto. The study highlighted how geological and mining factors significantly influenced the performance of this method, providing critical insights for improving efficiency in underground coal mining operations. This joint research initiative aimed to address Indonesia's growing domestic coal demand by advancing mining technologies and techniques.

Drivers of mangrove ecosystem service change in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

The Sundarbans — 2018 — WHEDA22D7F805

A significant decline in ecosystem services provided by the Sundarbans mangrove forest, driven by climatic change, rapid environmental shifts, global demand for mangrove products, infrastructure development, and governance failures, has been identified. The study, conducted through secondary data analysis and primary fieldwork across three districts in Bangladesh, reveals that most ecosystem services have deteriorated over the past two decades. Time series analysis and community perceptions highlighted these drivers, emphasizing the urgent need for transformative stewardship to mitigate irreversible environmental impacts.

Dung beetle distribution, abundance, and diversity along an elevation gradient in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda: A preliminary survey

Nyungwe National Park — 2018 — WHE7889B52A93

Dung beetle species richness in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, is highest at lower elevations (1800m) and declines with increasing elevation, up to 2800m. This pattern contradicts the expectation of even distribution along elevation gradients, supporting previous findings on uneven dung beetle diversity. The study used baited pitfall traps across transects in different elevation bands, recording 162 individuals belonging to eight species categories based on morphological traits. These results provide preliminary insights into the ecological factors influencing dung beetle distribution in high-altitude tropical forests.

Durham Cathedral Priory and its Library of History, c. 1090– c. 1150

Durham Castle and Cathedral — 2018 — WHE86199CF3AF

Durham Cathedral Priory's Anglo-Norman library, one of the best-documented monastic libraries in England, amassed a rich corpus of historiographical resources between c. 1090 and c. 1150. This collection, comprising over forty narrative histories, annals, and local event accounts, highlights the central role of historical texts in shaping the community's identity and inheritance. The study leverages surviving manuscripts and two key book-lists (pre-1096 and 1149) to reveal how Durham's complex origin story—spanning Lindisfarne, Chester-le-Street, and Durham—fueled its historiographic activity. Symeon of Durham's Libellus de exordio exemplifies this focus on origins, particularly the Benedictine reform led by Bishop William of Saint-Calais in 1083. The research underscores Durham's status as a 'hot-bed of historiographic activity,' with historical awareness peaking during the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries.

Durrington walls and the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape Project 2010–2016

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2018 — WHE6B31D74E0B

The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project (SHLP) has uncovered new insights into the structure and sequence of Durrington Walls, a major henge monument near Stonehenge. Through extensive archaeological prospection using remote sensing and geophysical surveys from 2010 to 2016, researchers revealed previously unknown landscape features and re-interpreted known monuments. Notably, they identified a hidden site within the Durrington Walls complex, providing novel perspectives on its construction and use. This integrated approach allowed for large-scale mapping and reinterpretation of the monument's context, enhancing understanding of this enigmatic Neolithic site.

Dusky dolphin group dynamics and association patterns in Península Valdés, Argentina

Península Valdés — 2018 — WHE7DA402076F

Dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) in Península Valdés, Argentina, exhibit seasonal variations in social structure and group dynamics. The study found that during the cold season, these dolphins form long-term preferred companions, while such bonds loosen or disappear in the warm season when prey availability increases. Researchers analyzed behavioral observations, photo-identification data, and association patterns from 2001 to 2012 using methods like the half-weight association index (HWI) and social differentiation (S). Group fission-fusion dynamics were also linked to feeding behaviors, with fusions primarily occurring for socializing and feeding. The findings suggest that seasonal changes in prey availability drive shifts in both foraging behavior and social structure, providing insights into the adaptability of these marine mammals.