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Publications

Showing 19341 – 19360 of 30345 publications

The use of English and German pattern books at the Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz at the turn of the 19th century

Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz — 2018 — WHE668939EE5A

A groundbreaking study challenges the conventional narrative of cultural and architectural transfer between Britain and Germany during the late 18th century. Focusing on three lesser-explored structures within the UNESCO-listed Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz, this research reveals a complex process of replication, translation, and adaptation in design, with one case—the 'Schlangenhaus' or 'snake house'—suggesting it may have influenced British pattern books, potentially reversing the direction of cultural exchange. The study also sheds light on copyright and authorship issues of the era, where German publications copied British designs without attribution. Employing a comparative analysis of British and German pattern books, literature reviews, expert consultations, and site visits, this work re-evaluates the significance of these structures within the broader architectural discourse of 18th-century Europe.

The Use of Ochre and Painting During the Upper Paleolithic of the Swabian Jura in the Context of the Development of Ochre Use in Africa and Europe

Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura — 2018 — WHEEDEB04E881

Archaeological evidence from the Swabian Jura, Germany, reveals that anatomically modern humans began using ochre and painting around 140,000 years ago, marking a significant cultural development in Central Europe. The study focuses on artifacts, particularly painted limestones from the Magdalenian layers of Hohle Fels Cave, which are argued to represent the beginning of a painting tradition in the region. By analyzing these artifacts and comparing them with ochre use in Africa and Europe, researchers provide insights into the early human behaviors and cultural practices during the Upper Paleolithic period.

The Use of Photogrammetry in Archaeology and Multimedia Open-Air Performance in the Castle Square of Kato Paphos

Paphos — 2018 — WHE2E55BC4888

Modern photogrammetry techniques, when applied to archaeological sites, not only facilitate detailed exploration and reconstruction of public spaces but also enable innovative interpretations of cultural heritage. A multimedia open-air performance in the Castle Square of Kato Paphos, Cyprus, demonstrated how 3D photogrammetric models can bridge archaeology with contemporary artistic expression, offering a dynamic way to disseminate findings to both academic and general audiences. The study outlines the methodology for capturing, processing, and publishing these models, highlighting their potential to enhance public engagement with UNESCO-listed sites like Paphos, which was inscribed in 1980.

The Value of Studying Roman Frontiers

Frontiers of the Roman Empire — 2018 — WHEA601DCC2EE

Roman frontier studies reveal critical insights into the Empire's relationships with its neighbors, yet they have been sidelined in mainstream UK academia despite their public appeal. This paper argues that analyzing frontier works is essential for a comprehensive understanding of Rome's interactions and dynamics. It emphasizes the importance of detailed examination before synthesizing broader narratives, advocating for the inclusion of frontiers beyond Britain—both geographically and temporally—to enrich historical perspectives.

The values and vulnerabilities of ‘Star Wars Island’: exploring tensions in the sustainable management of the Skellig Michael World Heritage Site

Sceilg Mhichíl — 2018 — WHE7298E14D65

Skellig Michael, an Irish coastal island renowned for its cultural and ecological significance, faces heightened tensions in sustainable management due to increased tourism, particularly after its prominent feature in Star Wars films. The study identifies key conflicts among stakeholders, driven by rising visitor numbers, shifting site identity, and evolving visitor motivations. It proposes a roadmap to reconcile these challenges, aiming to balance conservation with economic and cultural needs while addressing governance disputes. The research combines critical analysis of stakeholder perspectives with practical recommendations for sustainable management in the face of changing dynamics.

The Wadden Sea region as a cultural landscape (Chapter 3)

Wadden Sea — 2018 — WHE2DB8573CDB

The Wadden Sea region, recognized as a maritime cultural landscape, challenges the artificial distinction between nature and culture that has hindered its sustainable management. This study argues for an integrated approach to understanding and preserving the region, emphasizing its dual reliance on land and sea resources while also acknowledging the complex interplay between human society and natural forces. By examining historical and contemporary dynamics, the research highlights how the World Heritage Site designation, intended to protect ecological value, has instead created conflicts by separating nature from cultural significance. The author advocates for a holistic perspective that recognizes the Wadden Sea as inherently a cultural landscape, where conservation efforts must balance ecological goals with societal needs.

The Wadden Sea: A natural landscape outside the dikes (Chapter 5)

Wadden Sea — 2018 — WHE910C3C4281

The Wadden Sea remains one of Western Europe's last natural landscapes, largely untouched by human transformation due to its strong natural forces. This resilience is central to its protection, as outlined in the 1991 guiding principle for the region, which prioritizes undisturbed natural processes and sustainability. The designation of the Wadden Sea as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2009 reflects this commitment. While dikes often demarcate natural and cultural landscapes, both areas harbor significant ecological and cultural values. The study emphasizes the need for enhanced cooperation between nature and culture sectors to address challenges like climate change and renewable energy integration, which require adaptive measures to protect these values while accommodating rising sea levels.

The Weimar Court Theatre

Classical Weimar — 2018 — WHE264940C459

A significant transformation in the Weimar Court Theatre's repertoire and acting style occurred around 1798, marking it as unique in German theatrical history for its blend of high-quality German works with cosmopolitan translations. This shift was driven by a renewed influence from French classical traditions, particularly through Wilhelm von Humboldt’s admiration for Talma’s performances. Despite initial challenges with unmusical verse, the play Wallensteins Lager became a success under Graff’s performance as Nathan and later solidified its place in German theatre classics.

The wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus: Cervidae, Mammalia) on the arctic islands of Russia: a review

Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve — 2018 — WHE2134C98B6A

A declining trend in the population of wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) on Arctic islands, particularly Novaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island, has been identified. This review synthesizes existing data with recent research to highlight the species' abundance, diet, and ecological status in these remote regions, while also noting the impact of domestic reindeer grazing. The study underscores the need for further investigation into isolated populations to better understand and mitigate population declines.

The Year 2017: Megafires and Management in the Cerrado

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2018 — WHE19CCFCF9FB

In 2017, the Cerrado region of Brazil experienced severe megafires, with 78% of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and 85% of Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador burned due to long-standing 'zero-fire' policies. Contrastingly, protected areas implementing Integrate Fire Management (IFM) since 2014 avoided such catastrophic fires, suggesting IFM effectively mitigates wildfire risks. The study compared burned areas and fire scars between sites with IFM and those without, revealing that fire exclusion policies lead to fuel accumulation and increased megafire susceptibility. Findings advocate for re-evaluating fire management strategies in Cerrado protected areas to balance wildfire prevention and biodiversity conservation, particularly where savanna physiognomies dominate.

These Boardwalks Were Made for Bushwalking: Disentangling Grounds, Surfaces, and Walking Experiences

Tasmanian Wilderness — 2018 — WHE730A8178E4

Boardwalks and walking trails in Australia’s Cradle Mountain, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, serve as material conduits that shape outdoor recreation mobilities, conservation politics, and sensory experiences. The study reveals that different ground surfaces influence how people engage with natural landscapes, highlighting the transformative role of pathways in both environmental and social contexts. Using nonrepresentational theory and audiovisual fieldwork, researchers analyzed the interplay between walking surfaces, mobility infrastructure, and tourism dynamics, demonstrating that trails are active elements in the world’s self-transformation.

Things that travelled - A review of the Roman glass from Northern Adriatic Italy

Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia — 2018 — WHE75CE636987

Roman glass from northern Adriatic Italy, including samples from Aquileia and Adria, reveals that primary production likely originated in the eastern Mediterranean. The study, conducted over a decade at the University of Padova, analyzed 260 glass samples using geochemical and archaeological methods to determine raw material provenance and consumption patterns. Most samples were silica-soda-lime glass produced with natron flux, while some intentionally colored soda ash glasses were also identified. Five compositional groups were distinguished, suggesting varied sources or production techniques. Isotopic data supports the eastern Mediterranean as a likely origin for these Roman glasses, though alternative hypotheses remain possible.

Three‐Dimensional Modeling of Mount Etna Volcano: Volume Assessment, Trend of Eruption Rates, and Geodynamic Significance

Mount Etna — 2018 — WHE717FEC3594

A groundbreaking three-dimensional model of Mount Etna, Europe's largest and most active volcano, reveals that its eruption rates have surged dramatically over the last 15,000 years, nearing levels typical of oceanic-arc volcanic systems despite its continental rift setting. This finding challenges conventional geodynamic frameworks, suggesting a possible transition in Etna's magmatic source from plume-related to island-arc related. The study also proposes that slab breakoff north of the volcano may have triggered this shift by allowing fluid-enriched mantle material to flow toward Mount Etna, mixing with its magmatic source. Researchers used 3-D modeling to assess volcanic product volumes emitted over the past 60,000 years, providing unprecedented insights into Etna's eruptive history and geodynamic significance.

Three‐dimensional modelling of a pre‐Aksumite settlement at the archaeological site of Seglamen, Aksum, northern Ethiopia using integrated geophysical techniques

Aksum — 2018 — WHE0411CFE984

Integrated geophysical techniques, including magnetic reconnaissance and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), successfully delineated subsurface features of archaeological interest at the pre-Aksumite settlement of Seglamen near Aksum, northern Ethiopia. The study identified localized anomalous zones associated with well-preserved stone-based walls, some located as shallow as 20 cm below the surface, which were later validated through test excavations. This approach not only provided a detailed 3D model of the site but also highlighted the effectiveness of these geophysical methods for guiding future excavations and conserving cultural heritage in areas vulnerable to agricultural activities. The findings contribute to reconstructing the cultural and environmental history of central Tigray and offer recommendations for similar archaeological projects in the region.

Tidal variability of CO2 and CH4 emissions from the water column within a Rhizophora mangrove forest (New Caledonia)

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2018 — WHE452E4AE41C

CO₂ and CH₄ emissions from the water column within a Rhizophora mangrove forest in New Caledonia exhibit significant tidal variability, driven primarily by flow/ebb cycles, water column thickness, and neap/spring tides. Emissions were inversely proportional to water column depth, with higher rates observed during ebb tides due to increased residence time over the forest floor, leading to progressive enrichment of the water column. Spring tides further amplified emissions, suggesting enhanced soil-water exchange and electron acceptor renewal. δ¹³CO₂ values indicated mixing between CO₂-enriched pore waters and lagoon waters. This study highlights that such emissions cannot be overlooked in mangrove carbon budgets, emphasizing the need for tidal dynamics to be integrated into future assessments.

Tijuca Forest: An Urban Forest in the Anthropocene

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2018 — WHE4F9F440FA8

Tijuca Forest, an urban remnant of the Atlantic Forest within Rio de Janeiro's Tijuca National Park, exemplifies successful reforestation and ecological rehabilitation in the Anthropocene. As one of the world's largest urban forests, it demonstrates how degraded landscapes can be restored to mitigate air pollution and CO2 concentrations. The study revisits the history of deforestation in the Atlantic Forest, highlighting Tijuca's role as a pioneer in freshwater protection and reforestation efforts under Dom Pedro II. It also discusses ongoing initiatives like the Reforestation Joint Effort and native fauna reintroduction projects, emphasizing their potential for global environmental restoration. Air quality studies within the forest underscore its critical function in pollutant mitigation, offering hope for the future of Earth's ecosystems.

Timberline structure and woody taxa regeneration towards treeline along latitudinal gradients in Khangchendzonga National Park, Eastern Himalaya

Khangchendzonga National Park — 2018 — WHE1660CCCC04

A study of timberline forests in Khangchendzonga National Park reveals that tree density here is significantly higher than in other parts of the Western Himalayas. The research identified 20 woody species, with Abies densa, Rhododendron lanatum, and Sorbus microphylla dominating 50% of the importance value index (IVI). Notably, Betula utilis, a common treeline species in the region, was absent. Environmental factors such as elevation, slope, and humus were found to influence species composition, while species dominance negatively correlated with diversity and richness. The study also observed irregular spatial patterns of timberline elements, suggesting that upslope advancement is unlikely in the near future, but treeline densification may occur. These findings provide a baseline for understanding timberline dynamics in this critical Himalayan ecosystem.

Time‐domain electromagnetic imaging of a clayey confining bed in a brackish environment: A case study in the Kairouan Plain Aquifer (Kelbia salt lake, Tunisia)

Kairouan — 2018 — WHEED7D22919B

A first geophysical map of the near-surface aquifer system in the extremely conductive environment of Sebkha Kelbia, Tunisia, reveals the geometry of a clayey confining bed that separates two groundwater reservoirs. This study highlights significant differences in electrical conductivity between the shallow (1,200 mS/m) and deeper aquifers, with the latter being used for irrigation. The research utilized time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surveys to assess potential connectivity between these reservoirs, addressing recent salinity increases that pose challenges for agriculture. By combining TDEM with vertical electrical soundings, the study provides critical insights into the subsurface structure of this semi-arid Plio-Quaternary aquifer, offering a foundation for managing groundwater resources in the Kairouan Plain.

Tinjauan Ornamen Pachin Kari pada Arsitektur Mughal Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal — 2018 — WHEC7D7911536

Ornamental elements known as Pachin Kari in the Taj Mahal serve multiple functions, including symbolic, aesthetic, and structural purposes. These ornate designs are strategically applied to areas of special interest within the complex, enhancing its visual appeal while also providing structural support. The study focuses on the 'Hiraki' program, which governs the application and organization of these elements, contributing significantly to the Taj Mahal's architectural beauty and stability. By analyzing material usage and ornamental arrangement, researchers highlight how Pachin Kari not only beautifies but also strengthens the structure, offering insights into Mughal architectural techniques.

Tokaj Wine Region as a World Heritage Site Complex Development Opportunities

Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape — 2018 — WHE7A828D33E6

The Tokaj Wine Region, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers significant potential for sustainable development through integrated ecological, social, economic, and cultural strategies. A 2018 study identified key opportunities for the region's growth, including viticulture, tourism, infrastructure, and cultural preservation, supported by primary and secondary research involving 41 wineries and local stakeholders. The establishment of the Tokaj Wine Region Development Council in 2014, alongside the Hungarian Tourism Office, plays a pivotal role in enhancing regional marketing and fostering collaboration among key actors. The region's unique blend of natural endowments and historical significance positions it as a model for balanced development in heritage landscapes.