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Publications

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Trachy-phonolite lava pebbles used in the ancient settlement of Oplontis (Torre Annunziata, Naples): petrochemical data supporting the origin from an old effusive activity of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2018 — WHE19D445073E

A new study reveals that trachy-phonolite lava pebbles found in the ancient settlements of Oplontis (Torre Annunziata, Naples) and Longola originate from an old effusive activity of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano, predating 8 ka BP. These pebbles, used in building foundations during the Roman period, show petrochemical compatibility with pre-8 ka BP magmas and pyroclastic products, as well as affinity with lava trachyte ejecta from Plinian eruptions preceding the A.D. 79 eruption. Despite their abundance, these pebbles do not match any known lithostratigraphic units, suggesting they were reworked from original lava flows or autoclastic breccias. The research compared samples from Oplontis and Longola to trace their provenance, providing insights into the volcano's complex evolutionary history.

Tracing the sources of suspended sediment and particle-bound trace metal elements in an urban catchment coupling elemental and isotopic geochemistry, and fallout radionuclides

Paris, Banks of the Seine — 2018 — WHEBD4D86FEED

Research on the Orge River, part of the Seine basin in France, reveals that urban areas are a significant and consistent source of particle-bound trace metal contamination, particularly lead (Pb), with isotopic analysis confirming an 'urban' signature linked to road deposited sediments. The study found that while urban-derived particles dominate during low-flow periods, their contribution diminishes during seasonal floods due to increased input from less contaminated agricultural soils and riverbanks. Trace elements like Cu, Zn, Pb, and Sb show increasing contamination levels with higher urbanization, underscoring the need for better management of urban runoff to mitigate diffuse pollution in rivers draining urban catchments.

Tracking Human-Induced Landscape Disturbance at the Nasca Lines UNESCO World Heritage Site in Peru with COSMO-SkyMed InSAR

Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa — 2018 — WHEF847C587B2

A groundbreaking study leverages high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed satellite imagery to document human-induced disturbances at the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa' in Peru. The research identifies two significant events—December 2014 and January 2018—using interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques, which detect temporal decorrelation linked to landscape changes. These findings align with photographic evidence, published reports, and official records from Peruvian authorities. Additionally, Sentinel-2B data reveal surface reflectance changes in the Pampa de Jumana, exposing underlying clay layers beneath darker pebble surfaces. This study underscores the value of SAR imagery archives for retrospective analysis and digital preservation, offering critical geospatial insights into heritage conservation.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge as a tool for biocultural landscape restoration in northern Veracruz, Mexico: a case study in El Tajín region

El Tajin, Pre-Hispanic City — 2018 — WHE84BB61CCEC

A groundbreaking study demonstrates that integrating traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) can effectively restore biocultural landscapes, offering a sustainable model for preserving UNESCO World Heritage Sites like El Tajín. The research highlights how local communities' long-standing practices, particularly those related to agriculture and forest management, contribute significantly to biodiversity conservation and landscape resilience. By combining indigenous expertise with scientific methods, the study achieves tangible restoration outcomes in northern Veracruz, Mexico, showcasing TEK as a powerful tool for both ecological and cultural heritage preservation.

Traditional Neighborhood Adaptive Reuse in the Old City Sana'a, Yemen

Old City of Sana'a — 2018 — WHE04E40A5532

Adaptive reuse of traditional neighborhoods (Haras) in Sana'a's Old City has shown mixed outcomes, with economic benefits for residents and the revival of traditional handicrafts. However, increased vehicular accessibility and the conversion of public spaces into parking areas have disrupted resident privacy, particularly affecting women, who have retreated indoors. The study, conducted through on-site spatial observations, measurements, and structured interviews in Hara Al-Abhar, highlights these trade-offs, offering insights for balancing development with cultural preservation in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Traffic Flow Analysis and Solutions to Ease Traffic Flow at Unsignalized Taxila Intersection

Taxila — 2018 — WHE31577C2D08

A study at Taxila, Pakistan, identifies critical traffic congestion issues at unsignalized intersections along the N-5 highway, where complex roadway geometries exacerbate problems like accidents and high operational costs. The research quantifies these challenges through traffic flow analysis, aiming to assess system performance and its interaction with land use activities. By deriving actionable insights from traffic data, the study proposes solutions to improve efficiency, offering recommendations for policy changes and infrastructure adjustments—such as banning heavy vehicles during peak hours or expanding road capacity—to mitigate congestion and enhance safety.

Transformación de las fortificaciones en el norte del Camino Real de Tierra Adentro en México: El caso del Presidio de El Pasaje

Camino Real de Tierra Adentro — 2018 — WHE96C260F27C

Research on fortifications along the northern stretch of the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro in Mexico reveals significant transformations over three centuries, reflecting inherited construction techniques and strategic occupation patterns. Unlike isolated studies on individual fortifications, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of multiple fortified sites, tracing their evolution as tangible evidence of historical processes. The study highlights how these structures, built both individually and collectively, embody enduring knowledge and adaptability, underscoring their cultural and architectural significance within the UNESCO-listed Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

Transhistoricism

Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin — 2018 — WHE4E99D38569

A critical reassessment of the Altes Museum on Berlin's Museum Island reveals that its historical and political narratives have been systematically censored, obscuring its ties to power structures such as those related to politics, religion, military, and economics. The study argues for a more transparent approach—'transhistoricism'—that openly addresses the museum's complex, heterogeneous histories rather than perpetuating a homogenizing mythology of universality. This perspective challenges conventional museological practices by advocating for the acknowledgment of institutional instrumentalization, particularly in light of Museum Island's evolving role as a site of contested heritage, including the controversial 2019 reconstruction of the former royal palace.

Transmissions, appropriations et mises en valeur du patrimoine de l'Autre : le cas de la Neustadt, Strasbourg

Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt — 2018 — WHE9222EEA8DD

Strasbourg's Neustadt district exemplifies the duality of urban modernization and heritage preservation, reflecting both its modern planning origins (1880) and its UNESCO World Heritage status (2017). This study reveals how the district's identity oscillates between these two narratives, shaped by historical processes and local resident practices. By focusing on the scale of individual apartment buildings, the research uncovers heterogeneous patrimonial practices that coexist and interact within the neighborhood. It also deconstructs the factors leading to Neustadt's reclassification as heritage, highlighting the role of residents in this transformation. The findings underscore the dynamic interplay between global recognition (UNESCO) and local appropriation, challenging static notions of heritage preservation.

Transplanting Following Non-Native Plant Control in Rocky Mountain Foothills Fescue Grassland Restoration

Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks — 2018 — WHE6DF6C12259

Transplanting native plants with well-developed root systems (10–15 cm) significantly improves survival and growth in Rocky Mountain foothills fescue grassland restoration, outperforming shallow-rooted tray transplants. Research at three sites in Waterton Lakes National Park demonstrated that glyphosate-based non-native plant control enhanced transplant success, while rhizomatous forbs and bunchgrasses exhibited the highest persistence (>50% over 14 months). Though winter mortality reduced long-term effectiveness, key native species were successfully established and maintained for two growing seasons. This approach offers a viable alternative to seed-based restoration in disturbed park ecosystems.

Tree ferns dominate secondary succession in abandoned pineapple plantations around Manu National Park, Peru

Manú National Park — 2018 — WHEA5D0EB74A0

Abandoned pineapple plantations around Peru's Manu National Park exhibit a distinct pattern of secondary succession dominated by tree ferns, particularly Cyathea delgadii and Cyathea microdonta. Within 6-10 years post-abandonment, these ferns form dense communities, with C. microdonta acting as a short-lived pioneer species that declines after its peak density. In contrast, C. delgadii persists beyond 10 years, suggesting a prolonged pathway to climax vegetation compared to adjacent areas with higher tree diversity and fewer ferns. This study highlights the potential role of tree fern dominance in shaping ecosystem restoration trajectories in buffer zones, which could influence biological connectivity and ecosystem services.

Triadic Temples, Central Plazas, and Dynastic Palaces: A Diachronic Analysis of the Royal Court Complex, Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico

Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche — 2018 — WHEDFA523CA19

A diachronic analysis of the Royal Court Complex at Calakmul, Campeche, Mexico, reveals that the city's political and economic structure was characterized by a triadic form of governance, similar to historical Maya models. The study demonstrates that elite structures, including temples, central plazas, and dynastic palaces, were not only symbols of power but also accessible to the public, as evidenced by the distribution of figurines within these spaces. This finding challenges traditional perceptions of Maya urban planning and provides insight into the social dynamics of one of the most significant regional capitals in the lowland Maya area.

Trophic interactions between larger crocodylians and giant tortoises on Aldabra Atoll, Western Indian Ocean, during the Late Pleistocene

Aldabra Atoll — 2018 — WHEC131837C64

A new analysis of Late Pleistocene fossils from Aldabra Atoll reveals evidence of predator-prey interactions between giant tortoises and larger crocodilians, suggesting that these apex predators likely attacked or scavenged on the tortoises. Researchers examined fossilized bones showing bite marks, indicating direct interaction, while also noting that recently discovered crocodilian remains were significantly larger than previously known species, implying the presence of an even bigger predator in the ecosystem. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the atoll's prehistoric dynamics and provides insights into the trophic relationships of Aldabra during a critical period of its evolutionary history.

Troy : Myth, City, Icon

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2018 — WHEFBAD1C11D4

Troy stands out as one of the earliest and most extensively excavated pre-Classical sites in Anatolia and the Aegean, holding significant archaeological and historical importance. Beyond its academic relevance, Troy has permeated modern culture through myths, metaphors, and references spanning from cinema to technology. The site's enduring legacy is rooted in its multifaceted significance—archaeological, historical, and cultural—making it a symbol that transcends time and disciplines. This publication explores the intersection of myth, history, and iconography, illustrating how Troy's narratives have influenced contemporary expressions while anchoring its place in ancient history.

Troy in the Discourse of Ukrainian Archaeology

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2018 — WHE0044C8E500

Ukrainian archaeology's renewed focus on Troy (Illion, Vilusa) has significantly advanced the understanding of Bronze Age chronology across Ukraine and broader Eastern Europe. The stratigraphic column of Troy serves as a foundational reference for dating sites in the region, while comparisons with steppe zone artifacts have yielded productive insights. Recent discoveries, such as fortified settlements in the North Pontic area and Lower Dnieper basin, have synchronized local Bronze Age horizons with Troy VII, sparking discussions on potential Late Bronze Age steppe involvement in the 'Sea Peoples' campaigns that impacted Troy between the 13th–12th centuries BCE. The study underscores the dynamic nature of cultural connections between steppe tribes and Troy's inhabitants, emphasizing the need for enhanced collaboration between Turkish and Ukrainian archaeologists to further unravel Circumpontic processes during the 3rd–2nd centuries BCE. A 2018 Trojan colloquium in Kyiv is highlighted as a catalyst for this revitalization, though caution is advised against misrepresenting local sites as Troy.

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania

Serengeti National Park — 2018 — WHE8A286B2ADE

A rare case of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection, causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), was documented in a Chinese traveler returning from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. This marks the first imported case of rhodesiense HAT reported in China, highlighting the disease's potential to spread beyond endemic regions through travel and migration. The diagnosis was confirmed using blood film analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing after the traveler developed fever upon return. Treatment with pentamidine followed by suramin led to recovery within a month. This case underscores the importance of vigilance in clinical settings for HAT in travelers visiting high-risk African regions, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Serengeti.

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park: the first comprehensive elasmobranch assessment reveals global hotspot for reef sharks

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park — 2018 — WHE383055979F

Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the largest no-take marine protected area (MPA) in the Philippines, has been identified as a global hotspot for reef sharks. This study, the first comprehensive assessment of elasmobranchs in TRNP, reveals some of the highest densities of grey reef sharks (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) and whitetip reef sharks (Triaenodon obesus) worldwide. Using underwater visual census (UVC) and baited remote underwater video (BRUV) surveys conducted between 2015 and 2016, researchers documented eight species via UVC with an average density of 7.18 sharks per hectare, while BRUV surveys recorded 14 species at a catch rate of 2.09 elasmobranchs per hour. The findings underscore the critical role of large, well-managed MPAs like TRNP in conserving reef-associated elasmobranch populations amid global declines driven by anthropogenic stressors.

Twenty-six years (1990–2015) of monitoring annual recruitment of the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Rideau River, a small river system in Eastern Ontario, Canada

Rideau Canal — 2018 — WHEB94C77BDB2

A 26-year study (1990–2015) of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) recruitment in the Rideau River, Eastern Ontario, revealed a persistent upstream-downstream pattern, with highest densities in downstream reaches, peaking at levels comparable to those seen during the peak invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes (200,000–500,000+ mussels/m²). The study also identified a 'lake effect' at Long Reach, where larval development conditions were optimal. Initially low recruitment rates in upstream areas increased over time due to drift of veligers from the Rideau Lakes and headwaters. This long-term monitoring provides unprecedented insight into the invasion dynamics of zebra mussels in a small river system.

Two additional Chiastocaulon species (Marchantiophyta: Plagiochilaceae) from the Wet Tropics Bioregion of north-eastern Queensland

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2018 — WHE4BB9D3A402

Two new species of the liverwort genus Chiastocaulon, C. fasciculatum and C. pachycephalum, have been identified in the Wet Tropics Bioregion of north-eastern Queensland, Australia. C. fasciculatum is distinguished by its ovate leaves with two to three prominent teeth and additional smaller ventral teeth, differing from its similar species C. dendroides. This discovery underscores the ongoing exploration needed for the bryophyte flora in this region. Additionally, C. pachycephalum, previously known only from Borneo, marks its first documented occurrence in Australia. These findings highlight the bioregion's rich but underexplored biodiversity.

Two new dwarf species of Homalolepis (Simaroubaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado (Neotropical savanna)

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2018 — WHECE9EF135DC

Researchers have identified two new dwarf species of Homalolepis, a genus recently reinstated based on molecular evidence. These species, Homalolepis planaltina and H. pumila, are geoxylic subshrubs with restricted distributions in the Brazilian Cerrado, a Neotropical savanna. H. planaltina is known from a single population in southeastern Minas Gerais, while H. pumila is found in Emas National Park, Goiás. The study provides detailed descriptions, distribution maps, and conservation assessments for both species, increasing the total diversity of the genus to 28 accepted species. It also includes diagnostic features, an identification key, and ecological data, contributing significantly to the understanding of this genus.