World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

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The World's Oldest Temples in Göbekli Tepe and Nevali Çori, Turkey in the Light of Studies in Ontogenesis of Architecture

Göbekli Tepe — 2016 — WHED4378C2E28

Research on the ontogenesis of architecture reveals that Göbekli Tepe and Nevali Çori, two prehistoric sites in southeastern Turkey, represent the earliest known antecedents of roofed temples. The study identifies evolutionary stages in architectural organization, transitioning from open ritual centers to enclosed cult buildings, marking a shift from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural communities during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period (10th–8th millennium BCE). By comparing structures at Göbekli Tepe, Nevali Çori, and Çayönü, the research elucidates general rules governing spatial organization in communal/cult buildings, providing insights into the origins of symbolic architecture in the Near East.

The World’s Cities in 2016

City of Quito — 2016 — WHE4E793D527C

By 2030, urban areas are projected to house 60% of the global population, with one in three people living in cities of at least half a million inhabitants. This significant shift underscores the urgency for sustainable urban development strategies, particularly as outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and discussions during the Habitat III conference in Quito, Ecuador (2016). The publication leverages population estimates and projections from World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision to analyze current and future urbanization trends worldwide. These insights are critical for policymakers aiming to address challenges posed by rapid urban growth, such as infrastructure demands, environmental sustainability, and equitable resource distribution.

Theme–Rheme Analysis of English and Romanian Tourism Websites (Chapter 2)

Monastery of Horezu — 2016 — WHE882EDE6016

Tourism promotion relies heavily on symbolic expectations, shaping tourist decisions through textual and visual cues. This study reveals that commercial tourism websites for UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Great Britain (Canterbury Cathedral, Tower of London, Edinburgh) and Romania (Monastery of Horezu, Dacian Fortresses, Sighișoara) employ distinct thematic structures to highlight destination attractiveness. Using Systemic Functional Linguistics and Thematic Patterns frameworks, the research identifies differences in how these sites are framed, with Romanian sites emphasizing cultural heritage and British sites focusing on historical significance. The analysis underscores the role of language in constructing tourist narratives, offering insights into cross-cultural promotional strategies for heritage tourism.

Theodore the Studite’s eschatological vision (Hilandar 387) in the ktetor hagiography of the Typikon of the Studenica Monastery (IX H 8 [S 10])

Studenica Monastery — 2016 — WHEADC8C3AC14

A comparative analysis reveals that the closing lessons of the hagiography of Studenica Monastery's founder, St. Simeon, written by St. Sava around 1207-8, were largely derived from an earlier oration by Theodore the Studite (Hilandar 387), composed before 826. This discovery sheds new light on the literary and theological influences in the Typikon of Studenica Monastery. The study examines the eschatological vision shared between these texts, comparing them with other Serbo-Slavonic and Greek manuscripts from the middle Byzantine period to trace their transmission and evolution.

Theorising ‘Peace-building’ resistance: constructions of time and different temporalities at play in the Preah Vihear Temple conflict

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2016 — WHEE04F166F3E

Civil-society mobilizations around the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Preah Vihear Temple reveal how subtle forms of 'peace-building' resistance shape national identities and temporal narratives. Governments and civil societies in Cambodia and Thailand manipulate perceptions of past, present, and future to construct nation-building stories, often leveraging shifting notions of time. Unlike traditional analyses focusing on large-scale actions, this study highlights more nuanced resistances—particularly those that challenge prevailing temporal frameworks. By examining discursive constructions around the temple, the research demonstrates how civil-society actors subvert dominant narratives, offering a new lens to understand peace-building dynamics in heritage conflicts.

There once was a goat named Kare - over a millenium of mining at Falu Gruve, Sweden

Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun — 2016 — WHE71512C0F48

The Falun Mine, Sweden's Great Copper Mountain, hosts one of the world's oldest and most significant copper deposits, with a history spanning over a millennium. The mine's geological setting is dominated by 1.8 to 1.9 Ga Palaeoproterozoic metavolcanics, including leptites, mafic, and intermediate metavolcanics, as well as metasediments like mudstone, turbidite, and greywacke. These rocks were deposited in an extensional back-arc environment and later deformed during the Svecokarelian Orogeny. The ore deposit is primarily hosted in the Leptite Formation, characterized by quartz-rich 'ore quartzites' and mica schists, along with calcite and dolomite marble, and skarn. Seven distinct types of ore are recognized at Falun. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001, the mine offers guided tours and surface visits, providing insights into its rich history and geological significance.

Thermal and Petrographic Characterization of Herculaneum Wall Plasters

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2016 — WHEB7CFAA1C92

Herculaneum wall plasters exhibit distinct thermal behaviors despite similar aggregate compositions, indicating varied ageing and weathering processes. The study, conducted on Roman plasters from different houses at the archaeological site of Herculaneum (2010–12), classified most samples into two groups—marmorino or intonachino—based on aggregate composition. However, thermal analysis revealed that these groups did not share identical thermal properties, suggesting differences in their degradation pathways and component ratios over time. The research employed petrography, thermal analysis, and X-ray fluorescence to characterize the plasters, providing insights into their long-term stability and conservation challenges.

Thermodynamics and hydrodynamics in an atoll reef system and their influence on coral cover

Site of Palmyra — 2016 — WHEFFCC939B26

Research at Palmyra Atoll reveals that wave-driven mean flows play a critical role in maintaining lower weekly temperatures in backreef habitats, which correlates with higher coral cover. Spatial variations in coral cover were linked to temperature fluctuations on daily to weekly scales, with shallow terrace and backreef sites exhibiting high coral cover (>50%) due to these hydrodynamic processes. While tides influenced local flow, they had minimal impact on net heat transport. Buoyancy-driven flows within lagoons and cross-shore exchange in forereef environments were also significant. The study, based on field measurements from 2012 to 2014, suggests that reef areas with wave-driven temperature regulation are more likely to support coral survival under future warming conditions.

Thomas Jefferson, Virginia’s 1776 Constitution, and the Clergy’s Political Role: A Reappraisal

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2016 — WHE3A2A3A1348

A reappraisal of Thomas Jefferson's role in Virginia’s 1776 Constitution challenges traditional narratives by emphasizing his complex stance on religion and clergy influence, particularly in contrast to contemporary religious figures like Isaac Backus. The study highlights Jefferson's deistic views and his efforts to minimize the political power of clergy, offering new insights into his philosophical and political legacy. This analysis builds on recent scholarship that has expanded beyond the focus on Jefferson’s personal life—such as his relationship with Sally Hemings—to explore his broader intellectual contributions during a pivotal period in American history.

Three Dimentional Reconstruction of Large Cultural Heritage Objects Based on UAV Video and TLS Data

Fujian Tulou — 2016 — WHE67B16B61DE

A novel method for the efficient 3D reconstruction of large cultural heritage objects, such as Fujian Tulou clusters, has been developed by synergistically integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) video and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data. This approach overcomes limitations in UAV endurance and reachability, achieving complete coverage with textural information through automated structure-from-motion (SfM) and patch-based multi-view stereo (PMVS) techniques for video processing, while TLS captures hard-to-reach areas like partial building facades. A coarse-to-fine integration method, enhanced by a variant of the ICP algorithm using local terrain invariant regions, ensures reliability in combining datasets. The study demonstrates the feasibility and accuracy of this technique, providing a high-fidelity digital model of a historic Tulou cluster in Fujian, China.

Three Future Cologne Publishers as Apprentices in Antwerp: Bernhard Wolters, Johann Kinckius and Cornelis van Egmont

Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex — 2016 — WHE4E17DA48BD

A strategic apprenticeship program at the Plantin-Moretus Press in Antwerp during the late 16th and early 17th centuries successfully cultivated long-term alliances with Cologne publishers, notably Bernhard Wolters and Johann Kinckius. These former apprentices maintained strong cooperation with the Moretuses, benefiting from their training in Antwerp's influential publishing hub. However, Cornelis van Egmont's association with rival publisher Willem Blaeu disrupted this dynamic by challenging the Moretuses' market dominance in Catholic books. The study highlights how apprenticeships served as a deliberate mechanism for fostering inter-regional publishing partnerships, with mixed outcomes depending on individual alliances.

Three German Cities

Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus — 2016 — WHEEBD165CD51

This poetic exploration of Hamburg's Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District delves into the layers of memory embedded within its architecture. The text contrasts the district's past as a bustling port with its present as a museum-filled area, reflecting on how historical trauma and cultural identity are preserved or erased in urban spaces. Pearson's narrative approach blends sensory imagery with historical reflection, particularly focusing on the 1943 firestorm that devastated Hamburg, suggesting that memory is both stored and lost within the district's warehouses ('lagers'). The study evokes a sense of longing for the city's maritime heritage while critiquing its sanitized contemporary state. Through vivid descriptions, it raises questions about how collective memory is archived in urban landscapes.

Three novel species of Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) belonging to Aulacoseira and Lindavia from the Pliocene Hadar Formation, Afar Depression of Ethiopia

Lower Valley of the Awash — 2016 — WHE554561CF36

Researchers have identified three novel species of diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from the Pliocene Hadar Formation in Ethiopia's Afar Depression, contributing to our understanding of freshwater diatom evolution in East Africa during the Piacenzian age (2.59–3.60 Ma). These discoveries, made through analysis of sediment cores collected by the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP), include two new species of Aulacoseira and one of Lindavia. Additionally, two previously reported diatom varieties, classified as Melosira, were reclassified into Aulacoseira. The study compares these findings with modern and fossil diatoms from Lake Malawi and other Pliocene outcrops, offering insights into the paleoecological history of Paleolake Hadar—a significant site for hominin fossils.

Three-dimensional simulation of a fire in a simplified gallery of the Chauvet-Pont-d’Arc cave (Ardèche, France)

Decorated Cave of Pont d’Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche — 2016 — WHEE3ED19049F

A three-dimensional simulation of fire behavior within the Decorated Cave of Pont d'Arc (Grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc) reveals critical insights into how ancient fires may have influenced cave art and preservation. The study, conducted in a simplified gallery, demonstrates that controlled fires could have created thermal conditions conducive to both artistic expression—such as those seen in the cave's renowned paintings—and the carbonization of organic materials, potentially explaining the exceptional preservation of 35,000-year-old artifacts. Researchers used computational modeling to simulate fire dynamics, including heat distribution and smoke movement, providing a novel approach to understanding the interplay between human activity and environmental factors in prehistoric contexts.

Threshold effect of habitat loss on bat richness in cerrado‐forest landscapes

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2016 — WHE81F8FD741E

Habitat loss in the Cerrado Protected Areas triggers a dramatic decline in bat species richness when less than 47% of native forest remains, revealing a higher sensitivity to degradation compared to other animal groups. This nonlinear threshold effect was identified through an analysis of 48 sites across 12 landscapes with varying forest cover (9-88%). The study also found that different feeding guilds—frugivores, nectarivores, and animalivores—respond uniquely to habitat changes, with tree plantations negatively affecting frugivores while the Cerrado biome positively influences nectarivores and animalivores. These findings underscore the need for targeted conservation strategies focusing on restoring native vegetation to mitigate biodiversity loss in these critical ecosystems.

Through the eyes of science and art: a fourteenth-century winter breviary from Alcobaça scriptorium

Monastery of Alcobaça — 2016 — WHEDC0135252F

A study of the Alcobaça scriptorium's winter breviary (Alc. 54) reveals that the monastery was highly receptive to new artistic and material innovations during the fourteenth century, integrating elements such as silver illuminations, an updated pigment palette, French stylistic influences in historiated initials, and pen-flourished initials. These transformations, likely catalyzed by exposure to 'university' manuscripts, occurred alongside the preservation of traditional Cistercian liturgical practices and color application techniques. The manuscript's dating—comprising original text from the early fourteenth century with later fifteenth-century additions—was achieved through pigment analysis and liturgical study, providing insight into the scriptorium's adaptive yet conservative nature.

Tidal Fluctuation of Salinity and Distribution of Dominant Fish Species in Udara River Estuary, Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island.

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2016 — WHEE8818834A7

A study in the brackish waters of Udara River Estuary, Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, reveals distinct tidal-driven patterns in fish distribution linked to salinity fluctuations. The research found that the brackish-water species Neopomacentrus taeniurus (Ribbon Damselfish) dynamically shifts its habitat based on tidal cycles, occupying lower and mid-stream regions during high tide but restricting itself to low-salinity bottom layers (<50 cm depth) at low tide. In contrast, Fibramia amboinensis (Amami Stonefish) maintained a stable presence in mid-stream areas with salinity ranging from 19-32‰, while the diadromous species Kuhlia rupestris (Bigeye Glassy) consistently inhabited upstream zones with salinity below 3‰. These findings highlight interspecies differences in environmental adaptability, with some fish selecting optimal salinity conditions tidally and others exhibiting narrow salinity tolerance, suggesting nuanced ecological strategies in tropical estuarine ecosystems.

Tigers (Panthera tigris) respond to fine spatial-scale habitat factors: occupancy-based habitat association of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Chitwan National Park — 2016 — WHE87EF596F3E

Tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, exhibit strong habitat preferences at fine spatial scales, with their detection and occurrence significantly influenced by prey availability, landcover type, slope, and proximity to water sources. Unlike expectations, tiger presence decreases further from human settlements but increases near water bodies, suggesting complex interactions with human-disturbed landscapes. The study employed camera-trap surveys combined with occupancy modeling to assess how tigers utilize habitat within this protected area. Findings indicate that tigers persist at high densities by focusing their activity on small portions of their home ranges, a critical insight for managing small wildlife refuges in human-dominated areas. This approach offers a robust method for studying fine-scale wildlife-habitat associations, applicable to other wide-ranging species confined to smaller protected zones.

Timbuktu oder das Ringen um das kulturelle Gedächtnis

Timbuktu — 2016 — WHEEF7E258953

The film 'Timbuktu' by Abderrahmane Sissako offers a critical perspective on the erosion of cultural memory and societal structures under the influence of Islamist militancy. It depicts the profound disruptions in gender relations, intergenerational dynamics, and traditional authorities within the multiethnic and multilingual city of Timbuktu, Mali, following its takeover by extremist groups. The film highlights the deliberate destruction of animist shrines and Islamic holy sites, illustrating the violent erasure of sensory richness and human relationships. Sissako's deep familiarity with Mali enables a nuanced portrayal that critiques these developments while showcasing forms of resistance. This work serves as both an artistic and analytical intervention, underscoring the cultural and social consequences of authoritarian violence in Timbuktu.

Timbuktu Scholarship: But What Did They Read?

Timbuktu — 2016 — WHEE8D681F1CA

Timbuktu's scholarly legacy, particularly its Arabic curriculum, has been illuminated through the analysis of a specific library collection. This study reveals that mastery of Arabic grammar and poetry was central to scholarly recognition in Timbuktu from its peak as an intellectual hub in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries into the twentieth century. By examining catalogs from individual libraries and collections, researchers have gained unprecedented insight into the types of works written and copied in Timbuktu, suggesting that a network of scholarly circles or schools likely fostered this academic tradition.