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Publications

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Titelbild: Mauerwerk 1/2016

Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt — 2016 — WHEF7B4F11910

The Darmstadt Artists’ Colony on the Mathildenhöhe stands as a groundbreaking ensemble, uniquely documenting the transition from Art Nouveau to Modernism at the turn of the 20th century. Inspired by the International Reform Movement, this site integrates architecture, fine and applied arts, and public gardens into an experimental whole, serving as a pivotal cultural and artistic milestone. The publication explores its significance through detailed analysis, emphasizing its innovative design and enduring influence on modernist aesthetics.

ToF‐SIMS study of gilding technique in the fresco Vela della Castità by Giotto's school

Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites — 2016 — WHEB6CA878638

A Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) study on the fresco Vela della Castità by Giotto's school, located in Assisi's San Francesco Lower Basilica, reveals the chemical composition of its gilding technique. The analysis identified azelaic, palmitic, and stearic acids, confirming the use of an oil-resin binder between plaster and tin leaf, as well as colophony resin as an adhesive. This non-invasive method complements findings from other techniques like SEM-EDX and FTIR, providing a deeper understanding of medieval gilding practices on frescoes.

Toledo Tomorrow: reading Norman Bel Geddes' vision for the future in a shrinking Midwestern City

Historic City of Toledo — 2016 — WHE8CCB7EF2B5

Today's Toledo, a shrinking Midwestern city, reflects the lasting impact of Norman Bel Geddes' 1945 urban plan, 'Toledo Tomorrow.' This study reveals how Geddes' focus on highway infrastructure and neglect of the historic core, combined with forces of decentralization and suburbanization, has shaped the city's morphology. The research retrospectively surveys Toledo's changes and critically analyzes the plan's influence, highlighting its role in weakening the city's connection to its natural features and broader region.

Tortoise-Shell Lyres from Phrygian Gordion

Gordion — 2016 — WHE89D3C4E8A2

A discovery of tortoise-shell lyres at Gordion, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Turkey, challenges the long-held belief that stringed instruments were absent from Phrygian music. These lyres, dating to the first quarter of the seventh century BCE, are among the earliest known outside the Greek world and provide evidence of a more diverse musical culture in Anatolia. Analysis of worked edges, scrape marks, and drill holes reveals intricate construction techniques and zoomorphic aesthetics. The find, unearthed in an abandonment deposit beneath Tumulus E, sheds light on Phrygian soundscape, complementing the known use of aulos and cymbals. This research reconstructs the musical accompaniment to daily life, including weaving, dining, and religious rituals, offering new insights into the region's cultural heritage.

Tosanoides obama, a new basslet (Perciformes, Percoidei, Serranidae) from deep coral reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Papahānaumokuākea — 2016 — WHE40C317DC1C

Researchers have identified Tosanoides oboma, a new species of deep-sea basslet (Perciformes, Serranidae) within the genus Tosanoides, exclusively found in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. This discovery was made through morphological and genetic analysis of two specimens collected at depths of 90–92 meters off Kure Atoll and Pearl and Hermes Atoll. The species is distinguished by unique life coloration, morphological traits such as pored lateral-line scales, pectoral-fin rays, snout length, and dorsal-fin spine lengths, as well as significant genetic divergence (d ≈ 0.10 in mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I) from the other two known Tosanoides species. This finding highlights the biodiversity of deep coral reefs within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument and underscores the importance of its conservation.

Tour guides in nature-based tourism: Perceptions of nature and governance of protected areas, the case of Skaftafell at the Vatnajökull National Park

Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice — 2016 — WHEF1BB208088

Tour guides at Skaftafell, a key site within Vatnajökull National Park, play a pivotal role in shaping tourists' perceptions of nature and influencing the governance of protected areas. The study, conducted collaboratively by the University of Gdańsk (Poland) and the University of Iceland, reveals that guides significantly impact how visitors engage with and understand the dynamic landscapes characterized by fire and ice. By analyzing guide narratives and tourist experiences, researchers identified a gap between official conservation policies and the practical governance observed in nature-based tourism. This highlights the need for more integrated approaches to balancing ecological preservation with visitor education and sustainable tourism practices.

Tour operator perspectives on responsible tourism practices: a case of Kinabalu National Park, Sabah

Kinabalu Park — 2016 — WHE86FAB622D7

Tour operators in Kinabalu National Park, Sabah, are more motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors to adopt responsible tourism practices, yet these intentions often do not translate into actual operations due to challenges such as lack of stakeholder participation and low awareness. The study, which used inductive and phenomenological methods including in-depth interviews with 25 tour operators, applied push and pull motivation theory to identify key motivators. While organizational benefits and market trends drive their commitment, systemic barriers hinder implementation. These findings provide critical insights for enhancing responsible tourism practices in the park, benefiting both conservation efforts and sustainable tourism development.

Tourism community involvement strategy for the Living World Heritage Site of Hampi, India: a case study

Group of Monuments at Hampi — 2016 — WHE7C7DD21F51

A strategic approach to integrating local communities into tourism structures at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hampi, India, demonstrates significant potential for addressing environmental, economic, social, and cultural aspects of sustainable tourism. This case study highlights that active community involvement can mitigate challenges faced by Living World Heritage Sites while enhancing the authenticity and depth of tourist experiences. The research employs a multifaceted strategy that emphasizes collaboration between tourists, local populations, and environmental conservation efforts, offering a model for other sites to emulate.

Tourism employment and local residents’ engagement in the conservation of the built heritage in Zanzibar Stone Town in Tanzania

Stone Town of Zanzibar — 2016 — WHE2C93D7974B

Tourism employment significantly influences local residents' engagement in conserving Zanzibar Stone Town's built heritage, acting as a key moderator between attitudes toward conservation and the intention to conserve. This finding extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by integrating tourism factors, revealing that employed residents are more likely to engage in conservation efforts when they perceive social pressure or feel in control of their actions. The study, based on surveys of 208 households, underscores the importance of situational factors like employment in shaping conservation behavior. These insights have implications for both policy and management strategies aimed at preserving UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Tourism-based development in Cusco, Peru: comparing national discourses with local realities

City of Cuzco — 2016 — WHEC806AB6329

A study comparing national-level development discourses in Peru with local perceptions in four rural communities of the Valle Sagrado, Cusco, reveals significant overlap between global development models and local views. However, it also highlights frustrations with tourism practices, exposing tensions with neoliberal economism and foreign influence. The research used Rapid Qualitative Inquiry (RQI) to analyze data from interviews, field notes, and documents collected over six months in 2013. Findings suggest that integrating local perspectives and interests into policy-making could enhance the outcomes of tourism-based development strategies.

Tourism, Heritage and Socio-Spatial Historical Cities Transformations. The case of Paraty

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2016 — WHE55717B5EA1

Paraty, Brazil's historic coastal city, exemplifies the dual-edged impact of tourism on heritage sites. Since its designation as a National Monument in 1966 and improved accessibility, Paraty has experienced significant socio-spatial transformations driven by tourism. While initial phases show economic growth through cultural commodification—aligning with David Harvey’s theories on monopolistic renda—the unchecked exploitation of historical assets risks long-term devaluation. This study employs interdisciplinary methods from geography, sociology, urbanism, and tourism to analyze how Paraty's heritage, leveraged as a tourist attraction, can either sustain or erode its economic and cultural appeal over time.

Tourisme de qualité, diversification touristique et trajectoires territoriales du sud Ardèche. Mise en place d'inidcateur IQUATEXT appliqués au grand projet grotte Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc

Decorated Cave of Pont d’Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche — 2016 — WHE0C7FB81C3F

A novel evaluation method, IQUATEXT (Indicateurs de QUalité du Tourisme et d’EXcellence Territoriale), has been developed to assess the quality and sustainability of tourism in UNESCO World Heritage Sites. This study focuses on the Grotte Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc in Ardèche, France, where the discovery of a decorated cave led to significant changes in local tourism strategies. The research reveals that the integration of cultural heritage into tourism planning can mitigate issues like overcrowding and temporal concentration while fostering socio-economic sustainability. By analyzing the transformation of the region's tourism sector—including the creation of a facsimile cave and UNESCO inscription—the study demonstrates how diversification and quality-focused approaches can reshape territorial development trajectories, offering a model for other heritage sites.

Tourist Experience in Lijiang—The Capital ofYanyu

Old Town of Lijiang — 2016 — WHE5400A1158F

Lijiang’s Old Town, known as the 'capital of Yanyu,' functions as a liminal space that fosters romantic and intimate interactions among tourists, distinct from everyday social norms. Unlike traditional sex/romance tourism involving locals, this phenomenon primarily involves interactions between male and female tourists, reflecting shifting attitudes toward sexual relationships without necessarily implying explicit encounters. The study, based on observations, interviews, and web content analysis, reveals that while most visitors do not seek deliberate love affairs, they embrace a romantic atmosphere in this ambiguous environment. This finding highlights the unique dynamics of gender relationships in leisure tourism destinations like Lijiang.

Tourists’ perception of Osun Osogbo Festival in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria

Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove — 2016 — WHEB34B481483

A study on tourists' perception of the Osun-Osogbo Festival, one of Nigeria's largest art festivals, reveals that while visitors consistently express satisfaction with its traditional and historical authenticity—leading to a steady increase in attendance from 2004 to 2013—significant dissatisfaction persists regarding infrastructure and services. Key concerns include inadequate toilet facilities, poor crowd control, and insufficient medical support during the festival. Recommendations for improvement focus on expanding sanitation, hiring festival guides, and increasing medical personnel to address these issues. The research employed a Likert questionnaire with 768 respondents, analyzed using descriptive statistics, providing actionable insights for enhancing visitor experience at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Tourists’ walking rhythms: ‘doing’ the Tunis Medina, Tunisia

Medina of Tunis — 2016 — WHE740AD9E1ED

Tourists' walking rhythms in the UNESCO-listed Medina of Tunis play a crucial role in shaping the city's urban experience. The study reveals that tourists engage in diverse, situation-dependent walking patterns—shifting between performances, body language, pauses, and visual interactions—that dynamically intersect with the medina's physical structure. Inspired by Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis, this research combines mobile methodologies, interviews, and online comments to highlight how embodied movement contributes to the city's construction. Unlike traditional trajectory mapping, it emphasizes the qualitative, situational nature of tourist mobility in complex urban spaces.

Toward Decolonization in Tourism: Engaged Tourism and the Jerusalem Tourism Cluster

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2016 — WHE07B2544B04

Tourism in Jerusalem, particularly through the lens of the Old City, serves as a tool that perpetuates colonial narratives and power imbalances between Israelis and Palestinians. This study highlights how different tour guides—one Israeli and one Palestinian—present contrasting narratives about the city's religious and political landscape, revealing the embedded colonial dynamics in tourism practices. The research demonstrates that tourism normalizes dominant, often Orientalist, narratives while erasing Palestinian perspectives, thereby reinforcing colonial structures. By comparing two distinct tours, the study exposes how power relations shape historical and contemporary perceptions of Jerusalem, suggesting that engaged tourism can challenge and decolonize these narratives.

Towards a Media-Archaeology of Sirenic Articulations Listening with Media-Archaeological Ears

Costiera Amalfitana — 2016 — WHE12E7E7961E

A media-archaeological expedition to the Li Galli islands off Italy's Amalfi coast revealed surprising acoustic properties that challenge traditional interpretations of Homeric Sirens' mythical singing. Using positivistic measurement technologies, researchers mapped the sonosphere of this 'acoustic theatre,' uncovering new evidence about its sound environment. The study demonstrates how media archaeology and cultural aesthetics intersect: while precise measurements provide empirical data, they gain meaning only when contextualized with historical knowledge. This dual approach offers a novel framework for understanding the acoustic dimensions of ancient myths.

Towards a network place branding through multiple stakeholders and based on cultural identities

Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia — 2016 — WHE410BC36C0E

A collaborative approach to place branding, involving multiple stakeholders and rooted in cultural identity, has successfully enhanced the global positioning of Colombia's Coffee Cultural Landscape. This network-based strategy, which integrates public institutions, private companies, and social groups at local, regional, national, and international levels, demonstrates how dynamic identities can elevate the value of both physical products (e.g., coffee) and associated cultural landscapes. Fieldwork in the Coffee Triangle revealed complex interactions among stakeholders, offering a model for other food production regions in emerging economies to strengthen their presence in global markets. The study highlights synergies between business branding and place branding as key drivers of this success.

Towards a new definition of ancient Akragas' urban grid. Preliminary contribution for a new image of the city

Archaeological Area of Agrigento — 2016 — WHE02DCB9EBAF

A groundbreaking redefinition of ancient Akragas' urban grid challenges the long-standing 1958 model proposed by Griffo and Schmidt. Through collaborative research involving the Archaeological Park of Agrigento, Politecnico di Bari, University of Catania, and Kore University of Enna, scientists E. Brienza and M. Liuzzo analyzed ancient street patterns in the upper Agora, reconstructing the city's lost architectural landscape. This preliminary study introduces a novel planning scheme that significantly differs from previous interpretations, offering fresh insights into the spatial organization of this UNESCO-listed archaeological site.

Towards Eco-Friendly Strategy to Revive the Historical Area in Jeddah

Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah — 2016 — WHE711BEB6A82

Historic Jeddah, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2014, faces significant challenges such as severe neglect, encroachment, loss of identity, and visual pollution that threaten its sustainability. A proposed eco-friendly strategy aims to address these issues holistically, focusing on environmental sustainability, road sustainability, sustainable building practices, green space provision, and the preservation of heritage buildings' external surroundings. This integrated approach seeks to enhance the quality of life for residents and tourists while ensuring the site's long-term viability. The study employs an inductive method to establish theoretical background, an analytical method to document the current status of specific lanes (Mazloum lane and part of Sham lane), and an applied approach to test the feasibility of the proposed strategy.