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Protected areas effectiveness in maintaining viable giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) populations in an agricultural frontier

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2015 — WHE18AB07FE87

Only three out of 18 Cerrado protected areas can sustain viable giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) populations under a pessimistic scenario, while 11 succeed in an optimistic one. Roadkills significantly threaten long-term survival, necessitating urgent management interventions to mitigate their impact on these vulnerable species. Researchers used VORTEX population modeling to assess viability across different mortality scenarios (2.5%, 5%, and 10% annual losses), revealing critical gaps even within protected zones. This study underscores the need for targeted conservation strategies to counteract human-induced threats in agricultural frontiers.

Protolith of ultramafic rocks in the Kluane Schist, Yukon, and implications for arc collisions in the northern Cordillera

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2015 — WHEDDFA8D7210

Research reveals that ultramafic rocks within the Kluane Schist, Yukon, are fragments of deeper arc-related intrusive rocks introduced to the Kluane forearc basin between 95 and 82 million years ago. These rocks, characterized by high magnesium content (>40 wt.% MgO) and distinct trace element patterns, differ from residual mantle materials but resemble peridotite or pyroxenite cumulates linked to arc magmas. The study, using metamorphic assemblages and U–Pb zircon dating, suggests these rocks were exhumed along shear zones in northwestern Stikinia, likely the Wann River or Llewellyn Faults. This finding provides new insights into the tectonic history of the northern Cordillera, particularly the role of arc collisions and strike-slip faults in shaping the region's geology.

Provenance of Red-Figure Pottery of the Classical Period Excavated at Olympia

Archaeological Site of Olympia — 2015 — WHE734A96E0BC

Most red-figure pottery fragments excavated at Olympia, Greece, were produced locally in the north-western Peloponnese during the Classical period. This was determined using neutron activation analysis (NAA), which revealed a characteristic elemental pattern termed OlyA, distinct from those of other regions like Attica or Italy. Only a small number of vases were identified as imports from Attica, while none originated from Italy. The study also compared local clay samples with Corinthian exports and Italian imitations to refine provenance analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness of NAA in distinguishing between regional pottery traditions.

Provenance of the Roman basalt stone at Kotterbos (Lelystad, the Netherlands): A geoarchaeological study based on petrographic and geochemical analysis, and comparison with a synthesis of basalt stones along the northern Limes

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes — 2015 — WHE6257D8EB9F

A solitary Roman basalt stone from Kotterbos, Netherlands, has been linked to a specific subgroup of Limes basalts through petrographic and geochemical analysis. The study identified five potential provenance sites in Germany's volcanic hinterland, with Rolandsbogen emerging as the most plausible due to its strategic location near an ideal Rhine anchorage. Unlike other stones, the Kotterbos basalt is argued to have been picked up as a stray cobble rather than part of a building stone shipment, offering new insights into Roman logistics and material sourcing along the northern Limes.

Provisional Measures in Interpretation Proceedings – A New Way to Extend the Court’s Jurisdiction? The Practice of the Court in the Avena and Temple of Preah Vihear Cases (Chapter 7)

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2015 — WHED9139C716C

A groundbreaking analysis reveals how the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has expanded its jurisdiction through provisional measures in interpretation proceedings, notably in the Avena and Temple of Preah Vihear cases. The study demonstrates that such measures can serve as a mechanism to extend the court's authority beyond traditional boundaries, offering a novel legal framework for dispute resolution. By examining these landmark cases, the research highlights the practical implications of provisional measures on international law and the protection of World Heritage Sites, particularly in contentious border disputes like those involving Preah Vihear, a UNESCO-listed temple complex straddling Cambodia and Thailand.

Pteromalids (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) of the Sajram-Ugam State National Nature Park in Western Tien Shan

Western Tien-Shan — 2015 — WHE12776AED17

A pioneering survey of the Sajram-Ugam State National Nature Park in Western Tien Shan has uncovered 60 species of pteromalid wasps (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), all previously unrecorded from this region. Notably, Mesopolobus arcanus Askew is documented for the first time in Kazakhstan and represents the first instance of this species being reared from the fruits of Ephedra equisetina Bunge (Ephedraceae). The study employed comprehensive field sampling techniques to catalog the park's pteromalid diversity, contributing critical baseline data for biodiversity monitoring in this UNESCO-recognized site. This discovery underscores the region's ecological significance and provides new insights into the biogeography of Chalcidoidea in Central Asia.

Public Exposure from Indoor Radiofrequency Radiation in the City of Hebron, West Bank—Palestine

Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town — 2015 — WHEE3BBEBB14A

A study measuring indoor radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure in Hebron, West Bank—Palestine, found that the maximum total power density was 2.3 × 10⁻⁶ W/m², well below ICNIRP safety guidelines with an exposure quotient of 0.01. The average exposure across 343 locations was 0.08 × 10⁻⁶ W/m², with FM radio (46%) and GSM900 mobile networks (26%) being the dominant contributors. Outdoor RF sources accounted for 73% of indoor exposure, highlighting their significant impact on public health. The research employed power density measurements to assess compliance with international safety standards.

Pyrobaculum yellowstonensis Strain WP30 Respires on Elemental Sulfur and/or Arsenate in Circumneutral Sulfidic Geothermal Sediments of Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2015 — WHE5142359BB0

A newly isolated strain of Pyrobaculum yellowstonensis, WP30, from Yellowstone National Park's Joseph's Coat Hot Spring demonstrates a unique ability to respire on elemental sulfur and/or arsenate under circumneutral conditions (pH 6.1), contributing to the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and arsenic in high-temperature environments (>70°C). This chemoorganoheterotroph forms thioarsenates and polysulfides during growth, suggesting a significant role in local geochemistry. Genome sequencing revealed extensive metabolic pathways for carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid degradation, along with multiple genes encoding DMSO-MPT oxidoreductases, which facilitate sulfur and arsenic reduction. Comparative genomics confirmed that P. yellowstonensis is closely related to in situ populations, providing insights into the distribution and ecological function of these microorganisms within Yellowstone's geothermal sediments.

Qhapaq Ñan Inkastraßen im Wandel der Zeit

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2015 — WHE202A6F8971

A sustainable tourism model for the Qhapaq Ñan, a 55,000-kilometer Andean road network built during the Inca Empire, demonstrates potential for balancing use and preservation. This study argues that selective, community-driven tourism—prioritizing innovative programs over mass tourism—can protect these sensitive heritage sites while fostering local engagement. The research emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural conservation with economic development, ensuring long-term sustainability without compromising archaeological integrity.

Quantification of the depletion of ozone in the plume of Mount Etna

Mount Etna — 2015 — WHE5E74917739

Mount Etna's volcanic plume significantly depletes ozone, with average reductions of 15–45% observed during ground-based measurements. The study found that reactive halogen species, particularly bromine, drive rapid ozone destruction within the early stages of the plume (1–4 minutes post-emission). A numerical model confirmed this chemistry, revealing a strong dependence on volcanic NOx emissions and suggesting near-vent ozone levels can serve as an indicator of NOx activity. The research highlights the role of high-temperature 'effective source regions' in generating reactive halogens, contributing to our understanding of volcanic atmospheric impacts.

Quantifying the projected impact of the South African sardine fishery on the Robben Island penguin colony

Robben Island — 2015 — WHE545F2B8CE8

Research indicates that the South African sardine fishery is likely to have minimal impact on the African penguin colony at Robben Island, even when compared to scenarios without fishing. The study used a population dynamics model linking penguin adult mortality to local sardine biomass, fitted to moult counts and tagged penguin re-sightings. Findings suggest that rapid colony growth in the 1990s was driven by immigration rather than local survival improvements. Projections based on future sardine abundances under current fishery management procedures show that fishing's impact is overshadowed by uncertainties in sardine spatial distribution.

Quantifying the Water Balance of Mfabeni Mire (iSimangaliso Wetland Park, South Africa) to Understand Its Importance, Functioning and Vulnerability

iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park — 2015 — WHEF0FA2ADC5A

Mfabeni Mire, located within the iSimangaliso Wetland Park and Maputo National Park in South Africa, exhibits a delicate water balance where precipitation (1,031 mm) nearly equals total evaporation (1,053 mm), with minimal groundwater inflows and outflows. Despite this equilibrium, the mire contributes slightly to downstream ecosystems through stream outflow (9 mm). The study, conducted over one year from May 2008 to April 2009, revealed that seasonal patterns of evaporation vary between dominant plant communities—swamp forest and sedge/reed fen—likely due to differences in canopy structure. Limiting factors for evaporation include low vapor pressure deficit and cloud cover. The mire's significance lies in its role as a buffer against climatic variability, providing a stable groundwater condition for adjacent aquatic ecosystems. However, it is vulnerable to threats such as adjacent commercial forestry, which has historically depleted surrounding aquifers. This study underscores the importance of protecting mires in water-stressed regions and highlights the need for careful land-use planning to maintain ecological balance.

Quantitative Research about a Suitable Hanok Type Based on the Local Characteristics by Geographic Information - Focused on Special Architectural District for Hanok Promotion in Suwon Hwaseong Fortress -

Hwaseong Fortress — 2015 — WHE19B548CA3A

Multi-story Hanok structures are the most economically viable option for Suwon Hwaseong Fortress, given its narrow plots. A quantitative study analyzed urban transitions and architectural data to determine suitable Hanok forms. The research found that two or more stories maximize space efficiency in concentrated areas, while back-trowelling techniques should be used for wall construction in some zones. Standard property line separation is recommended elsewhere, though institutional adjustments are needed to relax existing regulations. This approach combines geographic information with historical urban analysis to guide sustainable Hanok development.

Quanto cultu auroque Templa fulgerent. Toitures et beauté de la vision comme expression des pouvoirs

Amiens Cathedral — 2015 — WHEA0D64CCBF6

Amiens Cathedral's metallic roofing, once a symbol of perfection and power, has left sparse historical records. This study reveals that the quality of its implementation reflects the sponsor's intent, offering a rare glimpse into medieval craftsmanship and political symbolism. By analyzing the cathedral's roofing alongside other Gothic structures like those in Paris and Beauvais, researchers uncover a dual interpretation: theological and liturgical significance, as well as a strategic display of power through visibility. The research relies on limited historical sources to reconstruct the original setting and its implications for medieval society.

Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the Bianjiashan site in Hangzhou: New evidence for the lower age limit of the Liangzhu Culture

Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City — 2015 — WHED5ADF6686C

New radiocarbon dating evidence from the Bianjiashan site in Hangzhou, China, establishes that the Liangzhu Culture, a significant Neolithic culture along the Yangtze River, ended no later than Cal BC 2470 with high probability. The study used catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) to pre-treat charcoal samples, isolating black carbon fractions to remove contaminants and ensure accurate dating. Analysis of wooden stakes from a wharf structure revealed that this late Liangzhu site was occupied between Cal BC 2635 and 2890, suggesting the culture's duration at the site did not exceed approximately 400 years. The findings confirm earlier evidence while demonstrating that sediment preservation occurred in an undisturbed, closed environment post-river cessation. This research provides a more precise lower age limit for the Liangzhu Culture, resolving longstanding uncertainty about its timespan.

Rain Water Harvest in Deserted Medieval Forts: A Case Study in India

Agra Fort — 2015 — WHEE04277FF31

Historical forts in arid and semi-arid regions of western India, including the Agra Fort, employed sophisticated rainwater harvesting techniques during the 15th to 17th centuries. These methods, such as surface runoff collection and step well terrain reservoirs, were crucial for water storage in fortified urban units, demonstrating advanced engineering solutions to water scarcity in desert environments. The study, based on observational and analytical approaches, highlights the significance of these ancient practices in addressing future water challenges.

Rainfall fluctuations and vegetation patterns in alkali grasslands – using self-organizing maps to visualise vegetation dynamics

Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta — 2015 — WHEFBE6916FC8

Fluctuations in precipitation can rapidly alter plant species composition in alkali grasslands, particularly by increasing the cover of halophyte forbs due to salinisation or waterlogging stress. This study used Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural networks to analyse vegetation dynamics across five stands of four alkali grassland types in Hortobágy National Park (eastern Hungary) from 2009 to 2011. SOM revealed that Puccinellia grasslands exhibited the most stable species composition, which is significant for conservation as this habitat supports numerous threatened halophyte species. The method also identified small-scale vegetation changes and provided detailed visualisation of short-term dynamics, suggesting its potential applicability in more species-rich habitats or landscapes.

Rates of motorcycle helmet use and reasons for non-use among adults and children in Luang Prabang, Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Town of Luang Prabang — 2015 — WHE1AC6E4E784

Only 16.2% of motorcycle riders in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, wore helmets during an observational survey conducted in February 2015, with adult helmet use at 29% and near-zero compliance among children. The study highlights a significant gap between legal requirements and actual behavior, particularly concerning child safety, as almost half of non-helmet-wearing parents believed their children were too young for helmets. Adults cited discomfort and aesthetics as key barriers to helmet adoption. These findings align with regional trends in Southeast Asia and underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to improve helmet compliance, especially among vulnerable populations like children.

Re-framing values for a World Heritage future: what type of icon will K'gari-Fraser Island become?

K’gari (Fraser Island) — 2015 — WHEE837CD91FD

K’gari (Fraser Island) faces a critical juncture where its World Heritage status could be secured through innovative, adaptive management or lost to degradation due to unsustainable tourism and climate change. The study synthesizes the impacts of human pressures on the island's biodiversity, cultural connections, ecological functions, and environmental values, highlighting the need for environmentally sound conservation planning that integrates socioeconomic factors. It emphasizes the importance of sustaining biological refugia in less-visited areas and developing a coherent approach to interpretation to encourage sustainable use. Without urgent rectification of historical mismanagement and current practices, the island's unique natural beauty and ecological processes risk irreversible decline.

Re-invigorating the Spirit of Place of Kandy: Urban Design and City Planning Strategies

Sacred City of Kandy — 2015 — WHE2C25A65A5D

Urban development in Kandy, Sri Lanka, risks eroding its unique cultural essence and 'spirit of place'—a blend of Buddhist traditions, symbolic representations, and historic urban design. The study identifies key determinant factors for preserving this intangible yet vital aspect, proposing that traditional urban design principles and built form strategies can guide future planning. By re-evaluating these historical elements in a modern context, the research offers actionable insights to counteract the loss of experiential qualities caused by rapid, unplanned structural changes.