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Publications

Showing 24701 – 24720 of 30345 publications

Correlating etching tool materials with petroglyphs at Writing-On-Stone

Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi — 2014 — WHECF529C1B31

Research at Writing-on-Stone (Áísínai’pi) reveals that bone or antler tools were likely used to etch the petroglyphs, aligning with the available materials during the pre-contact era. The study experimentally compared chert, bone/antler, obsidian, and metal tools to determine their compatibility with the existing petroglyph features. Bone/antler emerged as the most plausible material due to its similarity in creating the observed characteristics on the rock face. This finding provides new insights into the techniques and materials used by Indigenous peoples in Southern Alberta, addressing a significant gap in archaeological knowledge about petroglyph production.

Correlation and Chronology: Samaria and Megiddo Redux

Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba — 2014 — WHEAFCB02DEBF

A reanalysis of the stratigraphy at Megiddo and Samaria reveals that the conventional dating of Iron Age strata, particularly Stratum IVB (VA-IVB), is flawed due to misinterpretations and methodological errors. The study demonstrates that Stratum IVB does not exist as a distinct stratum but rather belongs to either Stratum V or Stratum IVA, fundamentally altering our understanding of the Northern Kingdom of Israel's chronology during the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. This challenges long-standing assumptions about the architectural development and historical timeline at these key sites.

Corridors and Colonies: Comparing Fourth–Third Millennia BC Interactions in Southeast Anatolia and the Levant

Talayotic Menorca — 2014 — WHE6DD43EA351

A nuanced understanding of the Late Bronze Age transformation in the Balearic Islands, particularly during the Talayotic period, reveals two key processes: demographic growth and a slight increase in external contacts. This study shifts focus from traditional architectural and artifact analysis to metallurgical and faunal studies, offering new insights into local resource exploitation strategies and inter-regional interactions. The findings highlight both similarities and differences between Majorca and Menorca, contributing to the broader narrative of complex social organization during this period.

Coscinodiscophyceae and Fragilariophyceae (Diatomeae) in the Iguaçu River, Paraná, Brazil

Iguaçu National Park — 2014 — WHEC10665D8DF

A taxonomic survey of diatoms (Coscinodiscophyceae and Fragilariophyceae) in the Iguaçu River, Brazil, identified 37 taxa, including two new records for the country: Melosira ruttneri and Fragilaria alpestris. The study, conducted between September 2007 and August 2008 at two sampling stations—upstream and downstream of the Iguaçu Falls—revealed a diverse diatom community within the UNESCO-listed Iguaçu National Park. This research contributes to the understanding of freshwater diatom biodiversity in Brazil, particularly in ecologically significant regions.

Cosmopolitan, Diasporic and Transnational: The Flourishing of Hebrew Modernism

White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement — 2014 — WHE48EA509652

Hebrew modernism, a significant yet understudied literary movement, emerged as a cosmopolitan and transnational voice shaped by Jewish writers navigating European modernity. This movement, rooted in the fin de siècle era, was influenced by continental philosophers and writers such as Nietzsche, Rilke, and Kafka, drawing parallels with Russian modernism while distinctively reacting against decadent and symbolist trends. Hebrew modernism thrived in cities like Odessa, Warsaw, and Vienna before settling in Tel Aviv, becoming a central hub for Hebrew literature from the 1920s onwards. Despite its experimental nature, it was marginalized by the rise of Zionist nationalism, which prioritized realist novels that aligned with nationalistic ideals. This study highlights the movement's ambivalent relationship with European influences and its eventual transformation into other modernist forms like Hebrew surrealism, while also noting the financial and political challenges that stifled its growth.

Creative Teaching in Art: Content Analysis and Evaluation of Training Manuals Formed by Students

Medieval City of Rhodes — 2014 — WHE6B6E2AEC81

Student-created training manuals for promoting children’s cultural heritage in primary schools were evaluated based on content completeness, functionality, aesthetic presentation, creativity, and pedagogical responsiveness. The study, conducted by students from the Department of Primary Education at the University of the Aegean, focused on the Palace of the Grand Master within Rhodes' medieval city as a case study. Using SPSS v.17 for analysis, researchers assessed how effectively these manuals addressed educational objectives while fostering engagement with cultural heritage. The findings highlight the potential and challenges of student-designed educational materials in preserving and teaching cultural history.

Critical Factors Affecting the Desertification in Pa Deng, Adjoining Area of Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand

Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex — 2014 — WHE66C377BCDA

Soil erosion is the most critical factor increasing desertification risk in Pa Deng, Thailand, adjacent to Kaeng Krachan National Park. The study, using the MEDALUS Model combined with GIS and remote sensing, identified that while climatic aridity and human land use also contribute, soil degradation—particularly erosion—dominates the moderate desertification risk observed across most of the plain area. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted soil conservation strategies to mitigate environmental degradation in this UNESCO World Heritage-adjacent region.

Cu-Zn slags from Røros (Norway): a case study of rapid cooling and crystal nucleation

Røros Mining Town and the Circumference — 2014 — WHE34BD02F5E6

A study of Cu-Zn slags from Røros, Norway, reveals that temperature gradients and volatile content are the primary factors influencing crystallization processes in these materials. The slags, composed of olivine- and pyroxene-group minerals along with sulphides and glass, exhibit distinct structural differences due to rapid cooling. This research provides insights into the mineralogical composition and crystallization behavior of historical mining slag, contributing to our understanding of industrial heritage materials. Røros Mining Town is renowned for its unique wooden architecture and historical significance in copper mining.

Cultural Effects on Phenetic Distances Among Postclassic Mexican and Southwest United States Populations

Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes — 2014 — WHECC6F085E5F

A study of Postclassic period populations (900–1520 CE) in the Southwest United States and Mesoamerica reveals that trade and shared migration history significantly shaped biological relationships, overriding geographic distances. Using dental morphological traits to measure phenetic distances, researchers found strong correlations between these cultural factors and genetic affinities, even when controlling for geography. Trade (correlation = 0.223) and migration history (correlation = 0.493) remained statistically significant, suggesting that economic exchange and movement of people played pivotal roles in population connectivity across regions traditionally seen as distinct. Political interactions, however, did not show a significant impact on biological relationships.

Cultural Heritage in the Gulf: Blight or Blessing?

Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah — 2014 — WHE2C8DC4693D

Historic Jeddah, like other Gulf cities, faces a critical dilemma: whether its surviving cultural heritage is a blight hindering progress or a blessing that can catalyze sustainable urban development. Rapid post-independence growth has led to widespread demolition and replacement of historic centers with modern high-rise structures, leaving isolated pockets of heritage in hybrid environments. This study examines three Gulf cities—Old Dubai (UAE), Old Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), and Old Doha (Qatar)—to explore how cultural heritage can serve as a catalyst for development while maintaining strong ties to the past. It raises pressing questions about the future of these historic centers, advocating for conservation strategies that balance urban growth with the preservation of identity. The research underscores the potential of heritage as both an asset and a setting for appropriate conservation in emerging global environments.

Cultural Patrimony and Heritage Management in Mali: The Old Towns of Djenné and the Sanké Mon Festival

Old Towns of Djenné — 2014 — WHE3F7057C05B

Mali's approach to cultural heritage, initially rooted in nation-building and collaboration with UNESCO, has evolved to embrace tourism-driven commodification. This study highlights the complex interplay between political projects and economic strategies, using case studies of Djenne and San—both UNESCO-listed sites—to illustrate these dynamics. It also examines the fragility of state-led nationalist efforts exposed during recent insurgencies in northern Mali, while outlining post-conflict measures to foster a shared cultural patrimony among citizens. The research combines historical analysis with fieldwork, offering insights into heritage management challenges and opportunities.

Culture and tourism? Limits and potential of sustainable tourist development in Gorée, Senegal and Ilha de Moçambique, Mozambique

Island of Gorée — 2014 — WHE18E044A4D7

Despite their significant historical and cultural value, UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Island of Gorée in Senegal and Ilha de Moçambique in Mozambique have struggled to leverage tourism as a tool for sustainable development. A study analyzing these sites reveals that while they attract visitors due to their ties to the slave trade and colonial architecture, local poverty threatens the preservation of their heritage. Fieldwork missions conducted by the author identified key weaknesses and strengths in current tourist management strategies, highlighting the need for better integration of cultural resources to alleviate poverty without compromising historical integrity.

Culture et tourisme ? Limites et potentialités d’un développement touristique durable à Gorée, Sénégal et à Ilha de Moçambique, Mozambique

Island of Gorée — 2014 — WHEA6728D32FA

Despite their significance as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Gorée Island (Senegal) and Ilha de Moçambique (Mozambique) face challenges in leveraging tourism to drive sustainable development. While both islands are rich in historical and cultural heritage, including architecture tied to colonial history and the transatlantic slave trade, their potential for tourism remains underutilized due to poverty and inadequate management. A study analyzing two field missions on these sites reveals that the current conditions threaten the preservation of their heritage while failing to improve local livelihoods. The research highlights the need for better strategies to balance cultural tourism with economic benefits, ensuring the survival of these sites as both historical symbols and economic assets.

Cusco: Urbanism and Archaeology in the Inka World

City of Cuzco — 2014 — WHED7BF4798C6

Ian Farrington's comprehensive study, 'Cusco: Urbanism and Archaeology in the Inka World,' sheds light on the spatial organization and urban life of Cuzco during the Inca period (AD 1000–1534). The book leverages archaeological data and historical descriptions to reconstruct the city's original physiognomy, which was significantly altered by Spanish remodels. Farrington's analysis covers the city's planning, including canalizing rivers and terracing land, as well as its urban components like the kancha and Inca linear measuring system. While the study provides rich insights into Inca Cuzco, it faces challenges such as inconsistent cartography and a lack of basic general references, which could hinder its accessibility for less familiar readers.

Cuzco and Lima

City of Cuzco — 2014 — WHE5DAA52CA20

Clements R. Markham's 1856 account of his travels to Cuzco, Peru, provides a significant historical and scientific contribution by documenting the mid-19th century European fascination with Latin America and its ancient civilizations. His observations in Cuzco, then largely unknown in Europe, shed light on the Inca civilization through detailed descriptions of ruins and cultural insights. Additionally, Markham's introduction to the cinchona plant during his stay laid the groundwork for his later work introducing quinine to India, as outlined in his 1862 publication 'Travels in Peru and India.' This account reflects the era's exploratory zeal while offering valuable ethnographic and botanical insights.

Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2014 — WHE18BC0ED739

Kīlauea Volcano, a prominent feature of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, exhibits complex eruptive cycles characterized by alternating periods of explosive and effusive activity over the past 2500 years. Contrary to its reputation for continuous effusive eruptions, Kīlauea has experienced three prolonged effusive phases and two explosive ones, each lasting several centuries. Explosive activity, marked by phreatic and phreatomagmatic events within the summit caldera, correlates with a significant drop in magma supply rates to the shallow storage volume beneath the volcano. This reduction can lead to caldera collapse when erupted or intruded magma is not replenished. The study identifies unique glass compositions in explosive tephra, suggesting disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. These findings highlight Kīlauea's dynamic and modulated system, influenced by factors such as melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability, and water table interactions. The research underscores potential hazards associated with prolonged explosive periods, which could have substantial societal impacts if they were to recur.

Cyclical size change and population dynamics of a planktonic diatom,Aulacoseira baicalensis, in Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal — 2014 — WHEA40A4EDCF6

A decade-long study on Lake Baikal's planktonic diatom, Aulacoseira baicalensis, reveals that its population dynamics are driven by complex interactions between cyclical size changes and multiple environmental stressors. The research found that silica availability, sedimentation losses, grazing pressure, and density-dependent effects on cell size restoration significantly influence annual abundance fluctuations over several life cycles. These interactions lead to substantial variations in diatom populations observed in the lake over 60 years, highlighting the intricate balance governing planktonic ecosystems.

Cyclonic circulation and upwelling in Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal — 2014 — WHE06A8F2B7E9

Lake Baikal's summer stratification period (July–November) is characterized by cyclonic macrovortices that drive significant upwelling events, with compensatory downwelling occurring at their peripheries. These upwellings can last up to 16 weeks on average, covering vast areas—up to 4,400 km² in Southern Baikal and 1,550 km² over the Academician Ridge—and ascend at velocities of 1 × 10⁻⁴ to 1.2 × 10⁻² cm/s. Temperature differences between upwelling and downwelling zones range from 1–4°C in the epilimnion to 2–13°C in the metalimnion, with surface temperatures dropping by 4–7°C when water ascends from depths of 10–75 m. The study, combining in situ and satellite observations, reveals that these upwellings can affect nutrient distribution and primary production, offering insights into Lake Baikal's unique pelagic dynamics compared to other large lakes worldwide.

Dairy Queen

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2014 — WHE67A6817E81

A unique vessel type, identified as a 'barrel vessel,' has been discovered in Early Bronze Age domestic contexts around the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean. These vessels, found at sites like Troy, Lesbos (Thermi), Lemnos (Poliochni), and Chalkidike, resemble churns used in the Chalcolithic Levant and Eneolithic Balkans. Miniature versions of these vessels also appear in votive figures in the Near East. The study interprets their function as household processing containers for dairy products during the third millennium BC, suggesting potential transregional relationships and development patterns in Aegean prehistory.

Damaged and Healthy Ignimbrites from the Surroundings of Morelia, Mexico; Uses for Restoration of the Colonial Inheritance

Historic Centre of Morelia — 2014 — WHE41FC799737

Research on the historic centre of Morelia, Mexico, reveals significant challenges and opportunities in restoring its UNESCO-listed colonial architecture. The study identifies discrepancies between damaged ignimbrites used in historical buildings and healthy quarry stones from surrounding areas, which often fail to match in terms of resistance, porosity, durability, or color. This mismatch poses a critical issue for restoration efforts, as historical archives lack precise records to guide the selection of suitable replacement materials. The research highlights the need for a systematic approach to identify and source compatible ignimbrites to preserve Morelia's architectural heritage effectively.