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Publications

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It''s Kili Time

Kilimanjaro National Park — 2014 — WHE47FEF36F95

Kilimanjaro National Park, one of Africa's premier attractions, stands out for its ecological significance and economic impact on the region. The park, covering a vast area, is home to diverse flora and fauna while supporting over 2.2 million people in its vicinity. Unlike the lower slopes where agricultural activities thrive, the park itself remains economically unexploited, preserving its natural wealth. This study highlights the park's role as a key economic driver in Tanzania, contributing significantly through tourism and resource abundance. The research approach involves analyzing demographic data, economic activities, and ecological conditions, providing insights into the balance between conservation and regional development.

Italian Wild Grapevine: a State of the Art on Germplasm and Conservation in 2010; the Year of Biodiversity

Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) — 2014 — WHEA0A4635A33

A significant collection of wild grapevine germplasm, totaling 748 plants, was established through a research project funded by the Italian Ministry of Environment. This initiative aimed to pool existing populations of Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, the wild progenitor of cultivated grapevines, many of which are on the brink of extinction. Notably, 246 accessions from this collection are housed in the Cinque Terre National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site recognized for its landscape agriculture and cultural significance. The samples underwent genotyping at 20 SSR loci to ensure accurate fingerprinting and verify sampling integrity. This ex situ collection serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying the genetic structure of wild grapevines, offering insights into population genetics and gene diversity.

Izbrani primeri upravljanja območij s kulturno dediščino

Semmering Railway — 2014 — WHE73C3E4CEDF

Cultural heritage areas, when managed effectively, can significantly contribute to regional development. This study highlights the potential of cultural heritage through selected case studies, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Semmering Railway and others from Southeast Europe. It explores various protection systems and intergovernmental efforts in the region, emphasizing the multifunctional role of cultural heritage. The research also addresses the impact of military conflicts on cultural heritage over the past two decades. By analyzing specific examples such as Kotor, Gamzigrad, and the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge, the study provides insights into successful management practices that can be applied globally.

Jeddah Historical Building Information Modelling "JHBIM" – Object Library

Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah — 2014 — WHEFFD4556FDA

A specialized digital library of Hijazi architectural elements, developed using laser scanning and image survey data, significantly accelerates the creation of Historical Building Information Models (HBIM) for heritage sites like Old Jeddah. This innovation addresses a critical gap in HBIM applications by providing a comprehensive, reusable database tailored to the unique design features of historic structures in Al-Balad district. The library streamlines documentation and conservation efforts, reducing time and resources required for modeling while preserving intricate details essential for heritage preservation.

Jerome’s Epitaph on Paula: A Commentary on the Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae Edited with an introduction and translated by Andrew Cain (review)

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2014 — WHE9BEC58A3D4

Andrew Cain's monumental work, Jerome’s Epitaph on Paula: A Commentary on the Epitaphium Sanctae Paulae, offers a groundbreaking translation and analysis of St. Jerome’s epitaph for Paula, an aristocrat-turned-ascetic who played a pivotal role in early Christian history. The commentary, spanning 390 pages, provides a deep literary and semantic exploration of Jerome’s text, drawing from his corpus, patristic writings, and classical sources like Virgil and Cicero. Cain’s work advances understanding of Paula’s influence on Jerome’s literary achievements, including the Vulgate translation, and her canonization—a rare honor for a nonmartyr. The commentary also addresses textual emendations, balancing stylistic and semantic considerations with rigorous scholarship. This publication stands as a testament to Cain’s expertise in Jerome’s works and a significant contribution to the study of early Christian texts.

Jerusalem as Palimpsest (Chapter 5)

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2014 — WHE4CE52DFE3A

Jerusalem's Old City, captured by Latin Crusaders in 1099 and ruled until 1187, retains a medieval architectural identity that would be recognizable to a visitor from the twelfth century. This study reveals that Crusader building campaigns in Jerusalem were not isolated but part of a broader effort to redefine the city's Christian topography, with distinct stylistic influences from both Western Europe and local Eastern traditions. While earlier research focused on reconstructing original building forms, this work highlights the continuous transformation and afterlife of these structures, offering a nuanced understanding of their enduring legacy. The study challenges the conventional view that Crusader architecture is purely French Romanesque, acknowledging significant Byzantine and local influences.

Jerusalem as Trauerarbeit (Chapter 3)

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2014 — WHEE7A9C583E9

Jerusalem, as depicted in two distinct artworks by Anselm Kiefer and Gerhard Richter, serves as a powerful symbol of memory and historical trauma. Both paintings, despite their differences in size, materiality, and technique, reference Jerusalem's complex layers of history and conflict. Kiefer's large-scale work uses abstract elements like liquid lead and metal skis to evoke a sense of divine Jerusalem, while Richter's smaller painting dissolves the city into a hazy atmosphere, relying on the title for identification. The study highlights that memory in Jerusalem is not passive but actively constructed and reconstructed in the present, reflecting its enduring significance as a site marked by ancient religious and political tensions.

Jesuítas, indígenas e o Código Religião nas crônicas de Maynas, Mojos e Chiquitos no século XVIII * Jesuits, indigenous peoples and the Religion Code in the Maynas’, Mojos’ and Chiquitos’ chornicles of the XVIIIth century

Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos — 2014 — WHE54C04F59C0

A study of 18th-century Jesuit mission chronicles from Maynas, Mojos, and Chiquitos reveals the intricate cultural translation processes between Jesuits and indigenous populations. By analyzing the discourses of three missionaries—Francisco J. Eder, Pablo Maroni, and Juan P. Fernández—the research highlights how the concept of religion, particularly the depiction of the devil, was used to bridge cultural gaps and facilitate evangelization. This approach sheds light on the complex interplay between religious and cultural dynamics during the Jesuit missions in South America.

Johan Gunnar Andersson: Archaeological Geologist and Pioneer

Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian — 2014 — WHE45F8F375A0

Johan Gunnar Andersson, a Swedish economic geologist, made groundbreaking discoveries during his time in China that significantly advanced the fields of archaeology and palaeontology. His most notable achievement was the discovery of the 'Peking Man' site at Zhoukoudian, which provided crucial insights into early human evolution in Asia. Through meticulous excavations and analysis, Andersson not only uncovered evidence of Homo erectus but also defined the prehistoric Chinese Neolithic Period based on his findings at the Yangshao site in Henan Province. His work, conducted without formal archaeological training, laid the foundation for modern archaeological methods in China and contributed to the establishment of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm, which houses many unique artifacts from his expeditions.

Johann Aken – zapomniany malarz obszaru bałtyckiego i jego dzieła

Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn — 2014 — WHE096DA0E23D

A previously overlooked 17th-century Baltic painter, Johann Aken, has been linked to multiple significant works across the region through stylistic and thematic analysis. Researchers discovered that Aken's paintings, including a renowned cycle in Tallinn's town hall (1667) and an 'Ecce Homo' panel in Gdańsk (1647), share identical artistic patterns, suggesting they were created by the same hand despite earlier scholarly disconnections between these works. Both sets of paintings are largely based on prints after Rembrandt and Rubens, indicating Aken's extensive use of Netherlandish graphic influences. Archival records from 1663 revealed Aken's origins in Gdańsk and his movement to Tallinn, further supported by stylistic similarities found in other Baltic works. This study provides the first comprehensive biographical sketch of Aken, though questions about his Netherlandish descent and artistic motivations remain unanswered.

John Rae to be honoured in Westminster Abbey–but not for discovering the northwest passage

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2014 — WHED31BAAA3E6

A correction to historical narratives regarding the discovery of the northwest passage is highlighted, dispelling the false claim that John Rae discovered its final link in 1854. Research confirms that a significant 240 km segment between Bellot Strait and James Clark Ross's north magnetic pole remained undiscovered at the time. Despite this, Westminster Abbey will honor Rae with a simple plaque reading 'John Rae; arctic explorer,' avoiding further elaboration on the disputed claim. This decision follows a campaign by Alistair Carmichael, MP for Orkney and Shetland, who had sought to correct the historical record in favor of Rae over Franklin.

Judeans in Sippar and Susa during the First Century of the Babylonian Exile: Assimilation and Perseverance under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Rule

Susa — 2014 — WHE37FCD5ABDE

A study of cuneiform tablets from Susa and Sippar reveals distinct patterns of name adoption among Judean exiles under Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid rule, indicating both assimilation and perseverance. While merchants in Sippar abandoned Judean names for Babylonian theophoric ones within a generation—likely due to economic integration with conservative Babylonian elites—royal officials in Susa maintained Yahwistic names despite their fathers' use of Babylonian names, suggesting tolerance for ethnic diversity in Achaemenid administration. The research analyzed 6th-century BCE tablets, highlighting the interplay between cultural assimilation and institutional openness during exile.

Juvenile green turtles on the northern edge of their range: mtDNA evidence of long-distance westward dispersals in the northern Pacific Ocean

Ogasawara Islands — 2014 — WHEF03F9BF68F

A groundbreaking study reveals that juvenile green turtles, found at the northern edge of their range along Japan's Sanriku coast, originate not only from local Japanese rookeries but also from distant Hawaiian and eastern Pacific populations. Using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, researchers identified unique haplotypes in these turtles, suggesting long-distance westward dispersal across the North Equatorial Current. This finding challenges the assumption that northern feeding aggregations are solely sustained by nearby rookeries, with genetic evidence indicating substantial contributions from as far away as Hawaii or the eastern Pacific. The study highlights the complex connectivity of green turtle populations in the Pacific and underscores the need for broader conservation strategies to account for such transoceanic movements.

K comme Kulb

Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt — 2014 — WHE3A421A0CA7

A collection of approximately 13,000 to 14,000 photographs held by the Bibliothèque Nationale et Universitaire (BNU) in Strasbourg offers significant insight into the architectural evolution of the Neustadt district during the German occupation period (1870-1918). Over a quarter of these images focus on Alsace, providing a visual record of this historically rich area. The photograph featured, taken around 1920 from Place de la République, captures the completed Kaiserliche buildings, illustrating the urban development and architectural style prevalent during that era.

Kansas and the Postrevolt Puebloan Diaspora: Ceramic Evidence from the Scott County Pueblo

Taos Pueblo — 2014 — WHE97C1584A8C

Archaeological evidence from the Scott County Pueblo in Kansas suggests that Puebloan communities, likely refugees from Taos or Picuris, maintained their cultural practices during the mid- to late 1600s. Analysis of ceramic collections indicates a high proportion of bowls, implying continuity in food preparation and serving methods, alongside vessels potentially crafted by local Puebloan potters. The study supports the hypothesis that the site included people from northern Rio Grande pueblos, either during the mid-1600s or between 1696–1706, though it does not definitively confirm their origin. Researchers examined ceramic artifacts from the Smithsonian and Kansas Historical Society collections to trace these cultural patterns.

Kin-biased spatial associations and social interactions in male and female black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra)

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2014 — WHE2E14ADCB11

Research at Palenque National Park reveals that kinship significantly influences social dynamics in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra). Female kin exhibit stronger, less aggressive relationships compared to non-kin, while males display avoidance and tolerance, with agonistic interactions more frequent among unrelated or distantly related individuals. Although adult males and females rarely co-reside with opposite-sex kin, their interactions fall between those observed in male and female groups. The study genotyped 21 microsatellite markers for 5 social groups over 28 months, linking genetic data to behavioral observations.

Kurienuniversität und stadtrömische Universität von ca. 1300 bis 1471 by Brigide Schwarz (review)

Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge — 2014 — WHE7A6FCB1343

A comprehensive analysis of parallel papal and urban universities in late medieval Rome (1300–1471) reveals their interconnected nature under papal authority, challenging the notion that they were entirely separate institutions. Brigide Schwarz's study, based on extensive archival research including Vatican registers, demonstrates that both the Studium Urbis and the University of the Roman Curia coexisted with overlapping functions, particularly in theology and canon law. The research highlights their symbiotic relationship during the papacy's exile to Avignon, where the University of Avignon also thrived, and sheds light on lesser-known aspects such as teaching during councils and the inclusion of oriental languages. Schwarz's methodology combines historical narrative with prosopographical analysis, leveraging decades of data collection and scholarly collaboration.

Kαλoι κ'αγαθoι (The Beautiful and the Good): Classical School Architecture and Educational Elitism in Early Nineteenth-Century Edinburgh

Old and New Towns of Edinburgh — 2014 — WHE36E4980C48

Edinburgh's historic school buildings, renowned for their classical architecture and prestigious locations, embody the city's educational dichotomy between state and private institutions. While these structures symbolize tradition and longevity, their complex histories—marked by shifts in social status, educational purpose, and architectural use—challenge this perception. The study examines two key case studies: the Edinburgh Academy (1824) and the Royal High School of Edinburgh (1829), revealing their origins as charitable orphanages later repurposed for middle-class education. By analyzing municipal debates from 1822–23, the research uncovers the negotiation of educational ideologies and architectural legacies that define these institutions today.

L’Albero di Iesse nel XII secolo fra Occidente e Oriente: note sul perduto mosaico della basilica della Natività a Betlemme

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2014 — WHE82B5CCC55C

A lost 12th-century mosaic depicting the Tree of Jesse, part of the Church of the Nativity's decoration in Bethlehem, is reconstructed through late medieval and modern sources. The study reveals that while the original work was destroyed, its iconographic model likely originated from Western traditions, blending with Byzantine stylistic elements present in surviving mosaics within the basilica. This suggests a cultural synthesis between East and West during the 12th century. The research employs historical analysis of available documentation to hypothesize formal features and reconstruct the biblical theme's visual representation.

L’Enceinte Sacrée et les origines de Byblos

Byblos — 2014 — WHE7B78BCE336

The Sacred Enclosure of Byblos, initially believed to be the oldest monument in the city dating back to the late 4th millennium BCE, has been re-evaluated through stratigraphic and architectural analysis. Research demonstrates that its earliest phase is no older than the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE, coinciding with the establishment of Byblos as a Mediterranean metropolis rather than evolving from a prehistorical village. This challenges the traditional paradigm of continuous urban development, suggesting Byblos emerged ex nihilo, founded on a protohistoric settlement without direct continuity.