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Showing 25041 – 25060 of 30315 publications

L’espace de navigation du chaland et la question de son armement

Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments — 2014 — WHEEBAF667217

A study of the Arles-Rhône 3 barge reveals that its design, optimized for navigating strong currents upstream from Arles, likely restricted it to local economic circuits during the Roman era. While the barge's structure suggests a role in transporting heavy goods downstream and lighter loads like livestock or wool upstream, key questions about its outfitting, navigation organization, and chartering agreements remain unanswered. The research proposes potential scenarios, including public or private sector involvement, but emphasizes the broader need to understand water transport economies on the Rhône River during this period. The study highlights gaps in knowledge that warrant further exploration, particularly regarding the barge's operational dynamics and its integration into regional trade networks.

La chambre des merveilles votive du sanctuaire mantouan de Santa Maria delle Grazie. Le rôle des franciscains au XVIe siècle

Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with “The Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci — 2014 — WHE93C3E8A573

A rare collection of three-dimensional ex-voto offerings, including life-sized portraits and anatomical waxes, has been identified within the 14th-century Franciscan sanctuary of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Mantua. These artifacts, preserved in situ, date back to the early modern period (1520s) and were meticulously arranged by Franciscans to showcase the miraculous efficacy of the Virgin Eleousa. The study reveals how the religious institution strategically controlled and staged these votive objects, reflecting social hierarchies while narrating both grand historical figures (e.g., popes, emperors) and personal stories of ordinary individuals (e.g., condemned prisoners). This research highlights the intersection of religious devotion, institutional power, and artistic expression in Renaissance Italy.

La difficile « naturalisation » du causse Méjean

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2014 — WHE8E9DE2A05B

Despite two decades of contractual biodiversity management in the Cévennes National Park, specifically on the causse Méjean, local shepherds have shown minimal engagement with conservation efforts. This disconnect stems from a technocratic approach to nature that fails to align with the lived experiences and practices of shepherds, while also perverting the intended principles of free interest representation through flawed contractual arrangements. The study highlights the fragility of current conservation strategies, marked by persistent conflicts between shepherds and park authorities, and underscores the need for more inclusive and adaptive governance models.

La formación de los arquitectos restauradores : elaboración de un modelo didáctico

Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona — 2014 — WHEC1188A96E4

A novel educational model, Cooperative and Critical Project-Based Learning (CCPBL), significantly enhances architects' ability to synthesize complex information during the restoration of heritage buildings. This approach integrates systemic analysis with role-based cooperative learning and debates, leading to higher consensus on project decisions and greater coherence between analysis and implementation. Tested across three UNESCO World Heritage Sites—including Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona—the model achieved a 98% average workshop attendance rate and an 8.7/10 satisfaction score, with strong correlations (8.3/10 and 8.6/10) between expert discussions and improved project outcomes. The study demonstrates that structured multidisciplinary collaboration, supported by real-world case studies and virtual debates, effectively bridges theoretical fragmentation and practical restoration challenges.

La gestion de l'eau dans une ville romaine d'Afrique : l'exemple de Thugga (Dougga-Tunisie)

Dougga / Thugga — 2014 — WHE28D4103091

A groundbreaking doctoral study reveals that the Roman city of Dougga (Thugga) in Tunisia employed a sophisticated, multi-tiered water management system. This system integrated local North African techniques with Roman engineering, ensuring sustainable water supply and distribution across public and private domains. The research highlights the coexistence of indigenous know-how and imperial innovations, offering insights into ancient hydraulic infrastructure that remains relevant to modern water resource challenges.

La historia del papel en la Castilla medieval: el archivo de la Catedral y la judería de Burgos en el siglo XIV

Burgos Cathedral — 2014 — WHE59906A8624

A significant shift from parchment to paper as the primary writing material occurred in Late Medieval Castile, with Burgos Cathedral's archive revealing the pivotal role of its Jewish Quarter as a hub for 'Hispano-Arabic' paper production. This study highlights how, by the 14th century, paper became dominant, while imported French paper also circulated, reflecting strong commercial and political ties between Castile and southern France. The research leveraged Burgos Cathedral's extensive documentation to trace the evolution of paper manufacturing, distribution, and use in medieval Spain.

La lógica de construcción en los diseños de la pintura mural de los Hipogeos de Tierradentro, Cauca

National Archeological Park of Tierradentro — 2014 — WHE8A9BF93390

Research at the National Archeological Park of Tierradentro reveals that ancient mural paintings in the site's hypogeal structures employ sophisticated geometric designs, suggesting a deep understanding and application of mathematical principles. The study highlights how these designs, characterized by precise patterns and shapes, reflect advanced spatial reasoning and construction logic among the cultures that inhabited the region. By analyzing the visual elements and structural organization of the murals, the research sheds light on the mathematical sophistication of pre-Columbian societies in Cauca, Colombia.

La modélisation 3D, outil de transfert des connaissances Exemple de la réplique de la grotte Chauvet Pont d’Arc : la caverne du Pont d’Arc (Ardèche, France)

Decorated Cave of Pont d’Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche — 2014 — WHEB917A59DF7

3D modeling played a pivotal role in creating the largest replica of the UNESCO-listed Chauvet-Pont d'Arc cave, allowing researchers to transfer its unique heritage to a 3000 m² space while preserving its essence. The study highlights how 3D tools facilitated scenic design, landscape reconstruction, and coordination among scientists, architects, and artists to recreate key wall panels (focusing on major sections due to the original cave's 8400 m² size). This approach ensured an authentic underground experience by integrating graphical elements with the cave's geography. The project, supported by local authorities and state agencies, demonstrates how advanced modeling can bridge conservation, research, and public accessibility for irreplaceable cultural sites.

La Moskitia Hondureña, el Límite más al Norte de la Distribución Actual del Oso Hormiguero Gigante (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)

Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve — 2014 — WHEE9044A20A7

A new northern limit for the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), also known as 'oso caballo' in Central America, is proposed to be the Honduran Moskitia region. This conclusion is based on recent biological monitoring and a comprehensive review of historical records, which show no evidence of the species in Guatemala, Belize, or El Salvador for the past 100 years. The study highlights the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve as a critical habitat, where phototraps confirmed the presence of giant anteaters, unlike other regions in Central America. This research refines our understanding of the species' distribution and underscores the importance of the Moskitia region for conservation efforts.

La patrimonialisation des arbres urbains : le cas de Tunis

Medina of Tunis — 2014 — WHE8F43EAAD38

Tunis's urban trees have become significant social, individual, and collective markers, reflecting the city's complex heritage. This study reveals that while pre-colonial Medina of Tunis had few public trees due to traditional spatial organization, French colonization introduced European-style tree-lined avenues with new species. Post-independence, rural migration and urban development led to a diverse tree population in both public and private spaces, symbolizing functional, symbolic, and aesthetic values tied to memory and social practices. The research uses geographical and anthropological methods, including interviews, to explore these dynamics, showing that heritage processes involving trees are not solely institutional but deeply rooted in personal and collective narratives.

La production urbaine de salaisons en Algérie à l’époque romaine : l’exemple de Tipasa (Maurétanie Césarienne)

Tipasa — 2014 — WHEE5789291D1

Archaeological research at Tipasa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Algeria, reveals significant urban production of salted fish during the Roman era. While studies on coastal fish-processing workshops are well-documented in Morocco and Tunisia, investigations in Algeria remain limited. This study highlights the importance of Tipasa as a key center for this industry in the Maurétanie Césarienne region, contributing to our understanding of ancient economic activities in North Africa.

La Sustentabilidad Agrícola de las Chinampas en el Valle de México: Caso Xochimilco

Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco — 2014 — WHE943D995532

Chinampas, the ancient agricultural system of Xochimilco in Mexico City's Valley, demonstrate remarkable sustainability by integrating native ecosystems with long-standing social and cultural practices. This study reveals that chinampas support environmental, social, and economic resilience through shallow-water lake agriculture, family labor integration, self-employment, and food autonomy. However, their viability is threatened by modern agricultural technologies, urban expansion, and water pollution. The research employs a FODA (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) diagnosis to highlight the system's ecological and cultural significance while identifying key challenges.

La Valutazione delle Trasformazioni Urbane nell’Ambito del Grande Progetto Pompei

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2014 — WHE68A142B061

A participatory methodology for assessing urban transformations in degraded and abandoned areas, focusing on visually perceived quality, was successfully applied to the Pompeii Archaeological Site as part of the Grande Progetto Pompei. This approach engaged diverse stakeholders to evaluate urban regeneration efforts, particularly along Torre Annunziata's waterfront, aiming to enhance archaeological site accessibility and surrounding urban areas. The study provides a scalable decision-support tool for future urban planning projects, prioritizing interventions based on shared urban visions while offering adaptable insights for similar contexts.

La Zona Minera de S’argentera, Isla de Ibiza (Islas Baleares)

Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture — 2014 — WHEBA92003B88

A groundbreaking study on the mining of argentiferous galena at S’Argentera, Ibiza, reveals new insights into ancient Mediterranean trade networks. By analyzing isotopic signatures from mining materials and comparing them with archaeological artifacts, researchers have identified a distinct chemical 'fingerprint' unique to Ibiza’s mines. This discovery sheds light on the island's role not only as a redistribution hub but also as an independent producer of silver, challenging traditional views of its economic function in antiquity. The research combines fieldwork, including topographic surveys and material sampling, with advanced chemical analysis to reconstruct the chronology of mining activities from prehistory to historical periods.

Lampenflora as an accompaniment of mass cave tourism, problems and solutions for Postojnska jama, Slovenia

Škocjan Caves — 2014 — WHEB6F0359E19

Mass cave tourism significantly impacts the delicate microbial ecosystems of UNESCO-listed Škocjan Caves, fostering biodeterioration and threatening natural heritage. The study highlights the urgent need for conservation strategies to mitigate these effects while preserving the region's rich biodiversity. It synthesizes current knowledge on autochthonous and allochthonous microbial communities in Dinaric Karst, emphasizing their role in ecosystem functions and heritage deterioration. Proposed guidelines aim to balance tourism with preservation efforts, offering a framework for safeguarding subterranean cultural and natural sites.

Landscapes of the Slave Trade in Senegal and The Gambia

Island of Gorée — 2014 — WHE6815B42E7D

James and Gorée Islands, recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, serve as poignant cultural landscapes that interpret the transatlantic slave trade's impact on West Africa. These islands, though not among Africa's most significant slave ports, symbolize the cruelty and suffering inflicted during the 17th to 19th centuries. The study examines their role in the slave trade, highlighting the human imprint left by European colonial powers, including British and French fortifications, slave quarters, and administrative structures. It also explores the islands' significance as reminders of historical atrocities, drawing parallels between their past and present interpretations for tourists and local communities. The research approach involves a detailed analysis of architectural remnants, historical documents, and oral narratives to reconstruct the lived experiences of enslaved Africans and their captors.

Large-scale automatic acoustic monitoring of African forest elephants' calls in the terrestrial acoustic recordings

Ivindo National Park — 2014 — WHE5BE7EBCF3F

An automatic detection system for African forest elephants' rumble calls, developed and tested using 432 hours of acoustic recordings from eight locations in Gabon, achieved a true positive rate of 79.19% with just 5.70 false positives per hour. The system's F1-score reached 0.77 when a high score threshold was applied, demonstrating its effectiveness in processing large-scale acoustic data. Applied to a dataset spanning 420 days over three years from Ivindo National Park, the system revealed distinct seasonal and daily patterns of call activity, as well as temporal variations, offering valuable insights into the communication behavior of these elusive animals.

Large-Scale Spatial Dynamics of Intertidal Mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) Bed Coverage in the German and Dutch Wadden Sea

Wadden Sea — 2014 — WHE0DC85CF9A0

Intertidal blue mussel beds in the German and Dutch Wadden Sea exhibit synchronized growth patterns within proximate tidal basins, with limited or negative synchrony between distant groups. This spatial dynamic is primarily driven by larval dispersal conditions rather than environmental factors like winter temperature or storminess. The study analyzed yearly distributions of adult mussel beds from 1968–1976 and 1999–2010 across 36 tidal basins, revealing that the highest coverage occurs in sheltered southern basins. Using a stochastic growth model, researchers found no consistent evidence that cold winters or stormy seasons significantly impacted population dynamics. Instead, boundaries between synchronized groups aligned with river mouths and areas lacking suitable habitat, suggesting metapopulation processes play a crucial role in mussel bed spatial dynamics.

Late Holocene environmental change in arctic western Siberia

Putorana Plateau — 2014 — WHE8B75D7C34E

A study of the Putorana Plateau, western Siberia, reveals significant late Holocene climate shifts with implications for Arctic environmental change. Chironomid subfossil analysis from three lakes on an altitudinal transect indicates a more maritime climate around 3400 cal. BP, with July temperatures approximately 1.5°C warmer than present, followed by a rapid cooling of about 2°C and a more continental climate between 3200 and 2600 cal. BP. These trends align with other northern hemisphere records, suggesting widespread climatic shifts during this period. Recent chironomid records show pronounced faunal changes over the last 50 years, likely due to climate-driven hydrological changes, particularly in an open lake within a large wetland habitat. This study provides the first detailed palaeoclimatic reconstructions for this remote region, offering insights into the sensitivity of Arctic environments to atmospheric circulation changes.

Le marais de Joumine, Parc National de l’Ichkeul, Tunisie : diversité floristique, cartographie et dynamique de la végétation (1925-2011)

Ichkeul National Park — 2014 — WHEDD70C7FE1D

A study of Joumine Marsh within Tunisia's Ichkeul National Park reveals significant shifts in vegetation dynamics over 86 years (1925–2011), driven by hydrological changes and management practices. The marsh transitioned from dominance by freshwater helophytes to salt-tolerant scrubs due to increased salinity, before partial recovery following freshwater releases. The ratio of hydro-hygrophilous to halophilous plants emerged as a simple yet effective indicator for assessing wetland health. Researchers used plant inventories and phytosociological surveys (2005–2011) alongside historical data to track these changes, identifying four distinct periods marked by hydrological interventions and their ecological impacts.