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Oceanic Boundary Conditions for Jakobshavn Glacier. Part II: Provenance and Sources of Variability of Disko Bay and Ilulissat Icefjord Waters, 1990–2011

Ilulissat Icefjord — 2014 — WHE3ED6DD7F33

Jakobshavn Glacier's response to temperature changes in Ilulissat Icefjord is influenced by the exchange of basin waters with neighboring Disko Bay, which occurs at least annually. The study reveals that the warm Atlantic-origin core of the West Greenland Current does not penetrate deep into Disko Bay or the fjord due to bathymetric impediments on the west Greenland shelf. Instead, the fjord basin is filled by an equal mix of Atlantic water and less-saline polar water, with the latter often originating from the East/West Greenland Current but sometimes from the colder Baffin Current. The annual temperature cycle of the West Greenland Current does not propagate into deep Disko Bay or the fjord basin due to depressed isopycnals during warm autumn/winter phases. Anomalously cool conditions in Ilulissat Icefjord during summer 2010 were linked to high freshwater flux through the Canadian Arctic and a weak West Greenland Current, allowing cold Baffin Current water to flood the shelf. Conversely, record warm waters in Disko Bay and Ilulissat Icefjord in 2011/12 were attributed to subpolar gyre warming associated with a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during winter 2009/10.

Ogólnopolska Konferencja Naukowa „Z dziejów książki i prasy. Przegląd badań za lata 2010–2013” (Lubostroń, 22–23 kwietnia 2013 r.)

Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork — 2014 — WHED9ECCEFA73

A comprehensive overview of the history of books, libraries, and press from 2010 to 2013 was presented at the international conference "The History of Books and Press: The Present State of Research," held in Lubostroń in April 2013. The conference highlighted significant advancements in understanding the evolution of European Christian culture, particularly its development during the Middle Ages, the 16th century, and the 19th and 20th centuries. Key insights included the role of Polish specialist press, the history of notable libraries such as the Jagiellonian Library and Malbork Castle's collection, and the influence of guilds in Gdańsk on book culture. Additionally, the conference explored the artistry of Polish bookbinders and the significance of book collections in Pomeranian manor houses, providing a multifaceted perspective on their cultural impact. This meeting successfully synthesized historical research, offering new insights into the contributions of past generations to European and Polish culture, including contemporary relevance.

Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Bladelet Use at the Moorehead Circle, Fort Ancient

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks — 2014 — WHEDAE6594BE7

A microwear analysis of Hopewell bladelets from the Moorehead Circle, Fort Ancient Earthworks, reveals that these ceremonial artifacts were used for a wide range of tasks, similar to those found at other Ohio sites. This challenges the notion that bladelets in ritual contexts served solely symbolic or ceremonial functions, instead indicating their multipurpose utility even in high-activity ceremonial settings. The study applied use-wear analysis—a method previously limited to domestic contexts—to a well-provenienced ceremonial assemblage, providing new insights into prehistoric activities at this significant site.

Ohio Hopewell Depictions of Composite Creatures: Part II–Archaeological Context and a Journey to an Afterlife

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks — 2014 — WHE93D26EFFC2

A groundbreaking analysis of four Hopewell artifacts depicting composite creatures from the Turner earthwork in Ohio reveals their likely role in a ritual drama guiding the deceased through underwater and underground realms during their journey to the afterlife. This challenges traditional beliefs about Woodland-Plains Indian eschatology, which typically involved an earth-disk or ascension. The study integrates archaeological context with biological identification of the creatures' components and historical knowledge, offering new insights into Hopewell ceremonialism beyond 'world renewal' narratives. It also critiques recent interpretive trends in Woodland archaeology, emphasizing the importance of eschatological matters and questioning the political motivation behind mortuary rites.

Oil Recovery Mechanism(s) by Low Salinity Brines and Their Interaction with Chalk

Stevns Klint — 2014 — WHE462F1803DC

Research demonstrates that low salinity brines (LSW) can significantly enhance oil recovery from chalk reservoirs, with the most effective dilution ratio found to be 1:10 seawater (SSW). The study, conducted using Stevns Klint chalk outcrops from Denmark, revealed that higher calcium ion concentrations in effluent and increased pH—particularly at pH 8—correlate with improved oil recovery. Dissolution and ion exchange processes, including the deficiency of magnesium ions, were identified as key mechanisms contributing to these effects. These processes may also impact chalk integrity, potentially leading to fine migration and reduced flow resistance, which further enhances oil displacement efficiency.

Okavango Delta – A Kalahari Oasis Under Environmental Threats

Okavango Delta — 2014 — WHE12A98F2554

The Okavango Delta, a vital wetland and UNESCO World Heritage Site in northern Botswana, faces significant environmental threats that risk transforming it into a salt pan. This study highlights how divergent stakeholder interests, coupled with climate variability, climate change, and tectonic activities, have progressively degraded the ecosystem's sustainability over recent decades. The research synthesizes field evidence and existing data to underscore the urgent need for accelerated implementation of the Okavango Delta Management Plan (ODMP) to mitigate these threats and preserve the delta's ecological integrity.

Old Russian Graffito Inscription in the Abbey of Saint-Gilles, South of France

Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments — 2014 — WHED63AC2A2F3

A well-preserved Old Russian graffito inscription, discovered on a pier of the Abbey of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard near Arles, France, represents the most geographically remote Old Russian text found in western Europe. The Cyrillic prayer, 'Lord, help your servant Semko, son of Ninoslav,' dates to between 1180 and 1250 and was likely carved by a pilgrim en route from Russia to Santiago de Compostela. Palaeographic and linguistic analysis confirmed its Russian origin, providing rare linguistic evidence linking medieval Russian pilgrimage routes to significant European religious sites. The abbey church, constructed around 1170/1180, is one of the most important Romanesque pilgrimage churches in southern France, with the graffito located near the tomb of St. Giles in its crypt.

On a Dhole Trail: Examining Ecological and Anthropogenic Correlates of Dhole Habitat Occupancy in the Western Ghats of India

Western Ghats — 2014 — WHE1A7A753D68

A rigorous assessment of dhole (Cuon alpinus) habitat occupancy in the Western Ghats, India, reveals that traditional presence-absence analyses significantly underestimate their range by 60%, or approximately 8,682 km². This study, the first to apply likelihood-based occupancy models accounting for imperfect detection and spatial autocorrelation, found that landscape-scale dhole distribution is primarily influenced by the relative abundance of principal ungulate prey, while reserve-level habitat use is negatively impacted by anthropogenic disturbance. Conducted across 38,728 km² and a smaller 935 km² reserve, the research highlights the critical role of ecological and human factors in shaping dhole occupancy, offering valuable insights for conservation efforts.

On Gothic Cathedrals and Contemporary Science

Chartres Cathedral — 2014 — WHEAF34AD4B91

Gothic cathedrals, such as Chartres Cathedral in France, represent a revolutionary architectural achievement of the European Middle Ages. These structures introduced pointed arches and buttresses, allowing for lighter walls and taller buildings with expansive stained-glass windows that filled interiors with colored light. The cathedral's 13th-century stained glass, depicting biblical stories like Noah's Ark, survives in part today, illustrating the fusion of art, architecture, and theology. The construction of these cathedrals shifted from anonymous master masons to individually recognized architects over centuries, paralleling the evolution of scientific credit attribution from lone geniuses to large collaborative teams. This parallel suggests that modern science, increasingly reliant on teamwork for complex projects like the Human Genome Project, may mirror the collective effort and societal impact of Gothic cathedral construction.

On the Changing of Architectural Form of the Royal Bedchamber in Changdeokgung Palace - From the Reconstruction after Imjinwaeran to the Early Japanese Colonial Period -

Changdeokgung Palace Complex — 2014 — WHE36FD73B971

Historical analysis reveals that the Royal Bedchamber of Changdeokgung Palace underwent significant architectural transformations during the late Joseon period and early Japanese colonial era. The study demonstrates that post-Imjinwaeran reconstructions utilized salvaged materials from Ingyeonggung Palace, altering its spatial composition and maintaining this form until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. This research sheds light on how political and historical events shaped the palace's design, preserving a glimpse into the king's daily life and royal utopia before its loss during colonization. The study employs archival analysis and spatial composition techniques to reconstruct the bedchamber's evolution.

On the Dimensional Planning at Preah Vihear Temple Complex on the Crest

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2014 — WHEF88B348405

Research at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Preah Vihear Temple reveals that its layout, particularly on the hill crest, likely follows a master plan using a consistent construction unit of 412mm. This challenges the prevailing view that the complex was gradually expanded by adding structures to existing components. Instead, the study suggests an intentional design process with standardized measurements akin to other Khmer monuments. The findings are based on meticulous on-site surveys and dimensional analysis, offering new insights into the architectural intent behind this iconic temple.

On the hoard of 15-16th-century Russian coins discovered in the Kazan Kremlin on May, 4, 1909

Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin — 2014 — WHEB0457B914C

A significant hoard of 15–16th-century Russian coins, discovered in the Kazan Kremlin on May 4, 1909, provides valuable insights into the monetary circulation and economic history of the region during a pivotal period. The analysis reveals a diverse collection of coins, including examples from Moscow, Novgorod, and other principalities, suggesting robust trade and diplomatic ties across medieval Russia. The study employs numismatic techniques to classify and date the coins, offering a rare glimpse into the economic dynamics of the Kazan Khanate and its interactions with neighboring states during the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern period.

On the perception of Limited Traffic Zones as urban noise mitigation action

Historic Centre of Naples — 2014 — WHE2BB82A81CE

Limited Traffic Zones (LTZs) can serve as effective urban noise mitigation strategies, but their long-term success depends on sustained implementation. A study in Naples' historic center found that while LTZs initially led to positive perceptions of the sonic environment—reducing noise annoyance and improving subjective sound quality—these benefits waned over time if not actively maintained. Researchers analyzed objective noise measurements and social surveys conducted before, immediately after, and one year post-LTZ implementation, revealing that even traffic management plans without a specific noise focus can indirectly mitigate urban sound-pressure levels. The findings suggest LTZs as promising tools for noise control but emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and policy reinforcement to preserve their acoustic benefits.

Online Ontology-Based Knowledge Representation of Historic Buildings: Publishing an RDF-Based Website

Bam and its Cultural Landscape — 2014 — WHE476CDB55B1

A novel ontology-based system for representing and publishing knowledge about historic buildings, particularly those within UNESCO World Heritage Sites, has been developed. This system integrates architectural heritage data, including multimedia content such as 3D reconstructions, with historical records from diverse sources like travelogues and archaeological reports. Using Resource Description Framework (RDF), the system captures multilingual term-sets and geolocates buildings via UTM coordinates on Google Earth, providing a structured, semantic web-based platform for accessing and visualizing data. The architecture of this system, named 'Bam 3D CG,' addresses practical challenges in creating online RDF-based systems for historic sites, exemplified by its application to the earthquake-damaged Citadel of Bam. This approach offers a scalable framework for preserving and disseminating cultural heritage information.

Onychogomphus marijanmatoki, a new species from Sarawak, Borneo (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae)

Gunung Mulu National Park — 2014 — WHEF4CFECE29D

A new species of dragonfly, Onychogomphus marijanmatoki, has been discovered in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. This rare find represents one of only two known onychogomphine species from the region and is distinguished by unique characteristics in its genital ligula and terminal appendages. The discovery sheds light on the biodiversity of this UNESCO-listed site, which is renowned for its exceptional karst landscapes and rich ecological diversity. The study highlights the importance of thorough taxonomic research in understanding the intricate and often overlooked species that inhabit such globally significant areas.

Opium after the Manila Galleon: The Spanish involvement in the opium economy in East Asia (1815-1830)

Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville — 2014 — WHEA8B0700339

Spanish involvement in the opium trade in China during 1815–1830 was significant and previously underrecognized, contributing to the opium economy's growth—a precursor to the British East India Company's dominance. The study, leveraging archives from Seville and Cambridge, reveals that employees of the Spanish Royal Philippine Company in Calcutta and Canton engaged in private opium trade, collaborating closely with British firms. This collaboration provided critical financial support from Manila, marking a pivotal phase in China's economic history and setting a model for future transnational trade dynamics.

Optimizing enforcement and compliance in offshore marine protected areas: a case study from Cocos Island, Costa Rica

Cocos Island National Park — 2014 — WHEBB3BB00A9F

Illegal fishing at Cocos Island National Park, Costa Ricafollows predictable spatial and temporal patterns, offering potential for optimized enforcement. Analysis of patrol records revealed that illegal activity is concentrated on a seamount within the park and peaks during the third quarter of each year, likely due to oceanographic conditions. The lunar cycle also significantly influences the timing of incursions, suggesting that patrol efforts could be strategically allocated to reduce costs while maintaining compliance. Repeat offenders are common, with unenforced regulations and weak governance potentially contributing to non-compliance. The study provides actionable recommendations for improving enforcement efficiency, governance, and policy design in marine protected areas, with broader applicability to other conservation challenges.

Orbiniidae polychaetes (Polychaeta: Scolecida) from Coiba Island, eastern Pacific of Panama, with description of a new species

Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection — 2014 — WHED1C91E80BC

Researchers have identified a new species of polychaete worm, Orbinia oligopapillata, within the Orbiniidae family, found in the mangrove systems and tidal flats of Coiba National Park, Panama. This discovery is notable for its unique morphological traits, including 15-16 thoracic chaetigers with distinct uncini rows and specialized abdominal parapodia. Additionally, the study describes a specimen from the genus Leitoscoloplos exhibiting rare lateral pouches on its abdominal chaetigers, a brooding structure previously documented in only two species of Scoloplos. The research involved sampling at three intertidal levels across two mangrove sites during February and November 1997. These findings expand the understanding of polychaete biodiversity in the eastern Pacific and highlight the ecological significance of Coiba National Park's marine environments.

Ordination, Purification, and Consecration: Episcopal Privilege at Bourges Cathedral

Bourges Cathedral — 2014 — WHE3F7A49A888

Medieval bishops, particularly those at Bourges Cathedral, wielded profound influence through religious, intellectual, and political spheres. This volume explores how their authority was articulated and perceived, revealing bishops as symbols of piety, intellectual life, and action. Through interdisciplinary essays, it examines the production of images—created by, for, and about medieval episcopacy—to dissect the complex interplay between privilege and perception. The research employs a multifaceted approach, analyzing visual and textual representations to illuminate the nuanced ways bishops shaped societal narratives during this pivotal era.

Organic geochemical studies of modern microbial mats from Shark Bay: Part I: Influence of depth and salinity on lipid biomarkers and their isotopic signatures

Shark Bay, Western Australia — 2014 — WHE5A3A9A7C14

A study of microbial mats in Shark Bay, Western Australiarevealed that depth and salinity significantly influence lipid biomarkers and isotopic signatures. The research found that shallower mats exhibit higher diatom contributions, while deeper mats show increased seagrass-derived organic matter with 13C-depleted long-chain n-alkanes. Salinity variations also affect microbial communities, with high-salinity sites showing dominance of autotrophic biomass using distinct CO2 fixation pathways. The study analyzed lipid biomarkers (e.g., n-C17 and C25:1 HBI) and stable carbon isotopic values across four mat types along a tidal gradient, providing insights into the functional relationships between microbial communities and environmental conditions.