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The Riyadha Mosque Manuscript Collection in Lamu: A Ḥaḍramī Tradition in Kenya

Lamu Old Town — 2014 — WHEE72AF6A909

A unique manuscript collection at the Riyadha Mosque in Lamu, Kenya, reflects the enduring influence of Ḥaḍramī-ʿAlawī scholarly and devotional traditions from the Indian Ocean. The study reveals how this 19th-century mosque, linked to the ʿAlawī Sufi network through familial and intellectual ties, preserves a rich tradition of genealogical and spiritual texts. By analyzing the manuscripts, researchers trace the mosque's role in maintaining and transmitting Ḥaḍramī cultural heritage, offering insights into the intersection of Islam, genealogy, and Sufism in East African history.

The role of environmental education in changing school students’ percep- tions of and attitudes toward coral reefs in the Fernando de Noronha Ar- chipelago, Brazil

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2014 — WHE931C6D123F

A significant shift in school students' perceptions and attitudes toward coral reef conservation was observed after targeted environmental education interventions at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. The study found that approximately 25% more students expressed willingness to participate in reef conservation projects post-intervention, marking a transition from viewing corals primarily as economic resources for tourism to recognizing their intrinsic conservation value. The research employed educational activities, including the creation of a Reef Environment Museum, and used questionnaires to assess changes in knowledge and attitudes among 10-18-year-olds. It also highlighted the critical role of indirect actors, such as teachers and school personnel, in supporting these educational efforts.

The role of four key structures in the creation and survival of cultural landscapes in the desert environment of Iran

The Persian Qanat — 2014 — WHE7F60BDA6CE

Four key structures—qanats, cisterns, ice-houses, and wind catchers—have been identified as pivotal to the creation and sustainability of cultural landscapes in Iran's desert environments. These ingenious systems address water scarcity and climate challenges, enabling human settlement and sustainable living over centuries. The study analyzes their individual and collective roles, demonstrating their effectiveness in managing water resources, providing cooling, and maintaining ecological balance. This research highlights their significance as part of UNESCO's cultural heritage criteria, offering insights into traditional adaptation strategies that remain relevant today.

The role of gut microbes in satisfying the nutritional demands of adult and juvenile wild, black howler monkeys ( A louatta pigra )

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2014 — WHE07478D4BA6

Gut microbes play a significant role in meeting the nutritional demands of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) during growth and reproduction, according to a study conducted at Palenque National Park, Mexico. The research found that adult females and juveniles consume more protein and energy than adult males, with distinct gut microbial communities contributing to their energy balances. Juveniles exhibited high levels of Firmicutes bacteria, such as Roseburia and Ruminococcus, suggesting increased microbial contributions to host energy production. Adult females also showed a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, along with Lactococcus bacteria linked to folate biosynthesis. These findings highlight the importance of gut microbiota in primate nutrition and life history processes, offering new insights into host-microbe relationships.

The role of thrust faulting in the formation of the eastern Alaska Range: Thermochronological constraints from the Susitna Glacier Thrust Fault region of the intracontinental strike-slip Denali Fault system

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2014 — WHE5D09E53727

A key insight from this study is the identification of middle Miocene initiation of thrust faulting along the Susitna Glacier Thrust Fault (SGTF), which intersects the Denali Fault system. This finding sheds light on the tectonic evolution of the eastern Alaska Range, revealing episodic cooling and exhumation linked to progressive activation of faults due to varying strain partitioning along the Denali Fault. The research employs thermochronological techniques, including U-Pb zircon dating, 40Ar/39Ar mica and K-feldspar analysis, and apatite fission track and (U-Th)/He dating, to constrain the region's tectonic history. These data indicate that both sides of the SGTF acted as a coherent block during the Eocene and early Oligocene, with contrasting ages suggesting fault initiation around 25–15 Ma. The study also supports long-term geologic correlations between the Susitna Glacier region and the Ruby Batholith/Kluane Terrane, providing insights into the complex interaction of plate tectonics at the southern Alaskan margin.

The role of tourism in Jerusalem’s future

Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir — 2014 — WHED2C73DFCEE

A strategic urban division, the 'Jerusalem Envelope,' has been identified as a key factor shaping Jerusalem's future, particularly concerning tourism and demographic dynamics. This study reveals that the planned infrastructure, including command posts like Metzudat Adumim, aims to disrupt potential Palestinian urban contiguity between Ramallah and Bethlehem, while also influencing tourism patterns along tectonic fault lines between East and West Jerusalem. The research highlights that Jerusalem's tourism, with over two million foreign visitors annually, has led to significant congestion in the Holy Basin, necessitating innovative urban planning solutions. A proposed two-municipality model is suggested as a logical framework for future management, benefiting both Israel and Palestinian interests by mitigating potential demographic shifts.

The role of travel and mobility in processes of identity formation among the Positanesi

Costiera Amalfitana — 2014 — WHE445C7F13D6

Tourism has fundamentally reshaped Positano, a small coastal village on Italy's Amalfi Coast, transforming it into a globalized network and altering the identities of its residents. The study reveals that continuous tourist flows have created intergenerational divides, with older and younger inhabitants experiencing contrasting impacts on their lifestyles and economic dependence. Using ethnographic methods—including visual imagery and narratives—the research highlights how mobility in postmodern societies serves as a catalyst for identity formation among locals, particularly in high-traffic tourist destinations like Positano. This work contributes to the anthropology of tourism by examining the complex dynamics between residents and visitors in a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Role of Urban Morphology and Pedestrian Movement in the Perception of Thermal Comfort in Historic City Centres: Spatial Sequences in Rome and London

Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura — 2014 — WHE1FF11AAD91

Research reveals that streets and squares in historic city centers act as spatial systems of thermal diversity, significantly influencing pedestrian perception of thermal comfort. The study, conducted in Rome and London, introduced a novel methodology combining 'thermal walks' with microclimatic data to analyze the interplay between urban morphology and human movement. This approach integrated objective environmental measurements with subjective pedestrian responses, providing insights into how spatial sequences shape thermal experiences. Findings highlight the importance of thermal diversity in designing sensory-friendly urban environments, offering evidence-based guidelines for preserving and enhancing historic sites.

The Royal Palace of Dahomey

Royal Palaces of Abomey — 2014 — WHEEB1A9A51F4

The Royal Palace of Dahomey, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Abomey, Benin, has undergone significant transformations during French colonial and post-colonial periods. This study reveals its multifaceted role as a site for religious ceremonies, political struggle, and a symbol of non-European identity. The research documents the physical changes to the palace complex in relation to its evolving functions while critically examining the ethical implications of external political influences. It also explores how the palace and royal history continue to shape contemporary identity and domestic architecture in Benin.

The Scientific Foundations of Moisture and Heat Exchange under the Conditions of Cave Complex of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra

Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra — 2014 — WHEEA5A5C7BCA

A groundbreaking study establishes the theoretical and methodological framework for understanding moisture and heat dynamics within the cave complex of Kyiv Pechersk Lavra. The research introduces empirical corrections to geometric characteristics of heterogeneous soils, along with primary physical-chemical models that describe moisture balance, momentum conservation, and heat balance in cave environments. These models account for both laminar and convective fluxes, providing practical tools for studying these complex systems. The study also recommends specific laws governing moisture movement and heat conduction, along with mass-heat transfer coefficients to simplify and standardize investigations. This work offers a significant advancement in the scientific comprehension of microclimatic conditions in historical cave structures, which is crucial for their preservation.

The Shallow Plumbing System of Piton de la Fournaise Volcano (La Reunion Island, Indian Ocean) Revealed by the Major 2007 Caldera-Forming Eruption

Pitons Management Area — 2014 — WHEE0BCBD7DC6

A major 2007 caldera-forming eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island) revealed the volcano's shallow plumbing system, showing that a deep magma input triggered significant volcanic activity. The eruption expelled the largest recorded volume of magma in centuries (210 Mm³), with distinct geochemical and petrological signatures across eruptive phases. Pre-collapse magmas exhibited unique isotopic compositions, while post-collapse oceanite lavas dominated the erupted volume. The study proposes a new model where shallow sills host variable degassing, cooling, and crystallization, with deeper, hotter basaltic magma injections driving lateral draining and flank instability. Multistep ascent and water degassing were identified as key processes in fast magma crystallization at shallow depths.

The Sinicization of Dunhuang Mogao Cave Buddhist Art

Mogao Caves — 2014 — WHED0F0955D30

The Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China, serve as a visual record of the sinicization process of Indian Buddhism, illustrating how Chinese culture assimilated foreign elements while maintaining its distinct identity. The study highlights the fusion of traditional Han Chinese architectural and artistic styles with Indian Buddhist motifs, such as stupas integrated into wooden structures, reflecting a dynamic cultural exchange during the turbulent period following the collapse of the Han Dynasty (220 AD). Murals and sculptures in Caves 257 and 428 demonstrate this syncretism, including multi-story stupas surrounded by smaller ones, symbolizing the growing complexity and sacred value of Buddhist architecture. The research underscores the rapid acceptance of Chinese Buddhism across East Asia, despite initial resistance to Indian philosophical traditions.

The Socio-Economic Impact of Tourism and Entrepreneurs in Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR

Town of Luang Prabang — 2014 — WHEBA54CCF30C

Tourism in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, significantly enhances entrepreneurs' socio-economic conditions by driving skill development and income growth. A survey of 100 tourism-related entrepreneurs revealed that while most experienced positive impacts—such as improved business management and personal development—a subset also faced challenges without altering their traditional lifestyles. Despite these mixed effects, entrepreneurs overwhelmingly supported tourism’s role in boosting local economic growth and residents' incomes, even while seeking to preserve cultural heritage. The study highlights tourism's dual role: fostering socio-economic progress while sustaining traditional societal values.

The Solomonic Column as a Symbolic Image of Inculturation in the Churches of The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos (Bolivia).

Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos — 2014 — WHECE91D15477

The Solomonic column, a distinctive element of Christian visual culture, served as a powerful symbol of inculturation in the churches of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos (Bolivia). This study reveals how the column's systematic use during the 16th to 18th centuries facilitated the blending of religious and state interests, aligning with the goals of both the Society of Jesus and the Spanish Crown. By analyzing this design element through a transmission lens, the research demonstrates its role in adapting Christian imagery to local contexts, thereby strengthening the missions' cultural and political influence.

The Spatial Feature of Different Architecture Type in Classical Private Gardens of Suzhou from the Aspect of Horizontal Tablet

Classical Gardens of Suzhou — 2014 — WHEC5EFF05C9E

Research on the Classical Gardens of Suzhou reveals that horizontal tablets—inscribed elements in these gardens—reflect distinct spatial features tied to architectural function. A cluster analysis of seven iconic gardens identified five groups of tablets, each emphasizing different themes such as comprehensive beauty, sensory experiences (e.g., weather, plants), talent and morality, or hermitage ideals. The study found that ornamental gardens prioritize overall aesthetic appeal, while study-type gardens incorporate elements of nature and intellectual reflection. Activity-focused gardens emphasize moral and philosophical themes, whereas transition-type gardens highlight reclusive ideologies. These patterns suggest that the design philosophy of Suzhou gardens was deeply influenced by historical context, transforming limited physical spaces into expansive symbolic landscapes through tablet content.

The status of savanna carnivores in the Odzala-Kokoua National Park, northern Republic of Congo

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2014 — WHEA93DE28B4C

Lions (Panthera leo) are likely extinct in the Republic of Congo and neighboring Gabon, with no signs detected during extensive surveys in Odzala-Kokoua National Park. However, the park remains critical for hyena tachetée (Crocuta crocuta) conservation, as 46 individuals were documented through 154 camera-trap photographs over 424 days of monitoring. The study also recorded smaller carnivores like leopards (Panthera pardus), servals (Leptailurus serval), and African golden cats (Caracal aurata). Researchers covered 460 km on foot, combining trail surveys with camera traps to assess the status of savanna carnivores in this isolated mosaic landscape. These findings underscore Odzala-Kokoua's regional importance for hyenas and smaller predators amid declining lion populations.

The stratigraphic imprint of a mid-Telychian (Llandovery, Early Silurian) glaciation on far-field shallow-water carbonates, Anticosti Island, Eastern Canada; pp. 207–213

Anticosti — 2014 — WHE19DEDCE2D4

A mid-Telychian (Llandovery, Early Silurian) glaciation event is identified through its stratigraphic imprint on shallow-water carbonates at Anticosti Island, eastern Canada. The study reveals a far-field record of this glaciation, marked by three distinct facies associations—carbonate, mixed siliciclastic-carbonate, and encrinitic—along the south-central coast. These deposits, characterized by high-energy storm features, indicate episodic sedimentation influenced by glacio-eustasy. A multi-order transgressive-regressive (TR) sequence framework, superimposed on a long-term regressive trend, highlights the impact of far-field glaciation on shallow-water environments. The Jupiter–Chicotte formational boundary serves as a key discontinuity surface, correlating with the onset of this mid-Telychian glaciation.

The Study on the Growth of Vietnamese Tourism Sector: the Case of Ha Long Bay

Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago — 2014 — WHE6426EBCCCF

Ha Long Bay, recognized as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, presents significant potential for driving tourism growth and contributing to Vietnam's economic development. This study evaluates its current state, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats within the global market, highlighting its pivotal role in shaping the Vietnamese tourism industry. The research employs a comprehensive analysis approach, assessing Ha Long Bay's unique attributes—such as its natural beauty, cultural offerings, and service capabilities—to demonstrate its capacity to foster sustainable economic growth through tourism expansion.

The Subterranean Performance of History between Harlem and Rome in William Demby’s The Catacombs

Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura — 2014 — WHE45FD7A030B

William Demby’s novel The Catacombs (1965) performs history through a metafictional engagement with time, historiography, and modernist artistic techniques. Set in 1960s Rome, the text disrupts linear narrative by intertwining personal and historical time, creating a 'performance of history' that critiques Western modernism while invoking themes of blackness, primitivism, and slavery. Sara Marzioli’s analysis reveals this paradoxical resistance to narrative as a form of performative critique, positioning Demby’s work between late modernism and postmodern pastiche. The study employs close textual analysis and theoretical frameworks from information theory and abstract expressionism to unpack the novel’s layered temporality and its challenge to conventional historiographic methods.

The Temple of the Andes

Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture — 2014 — WHE061E51B990

A pioneering account of the Tiwanaku site, 'The Temple of the Andes' by Richard Inwards (1866), offers one of the earliest detailed observations of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, predating systematic archaeological studies. Inwards' work provides contemporary insights into the structures and potential purpose of Tiwanaku's ruins, alongside cultural observations of the local people. Published in 1884 but based on his 1866 visit, the text combines rigorous fieldwork with illustrative sketches and plans, contributing to early understandings of this significant Andean civilization. Its historical value lies in its contemporaneity with other foundational studies, such as those by E.G. Squier, and its blend of descriptive accuracy with speculative interpretations that reflect 19th-century archaeological thought.