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Publications

Showing 25641 – 25660 of 30315 publications

The Temporary Houses of Parliament and David Boswell Reid’s Architecture of Experimentation

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2014 — WHEC2C8B6B85E

A significant shift in the design and functionality of debating chambers occurred following the destruction of the Palace of Westminster by fire in 1834. This event provided an unprecedented opportunity to integrate advanced scientific principles into the architecture, particularly focusing on heating and ventilation systems. The study highlights how nineteenth-century scientists and engineers, including notable figures like Neil Arnott, experimented with innovative strategies to create a more comfortable and healthier internal environment. These experiments reflected the technological advancements of the era but also revealed that earlier methods were inadequate in achieving optimal conditions.

The Time Budget of Javan Deer ( Rusa timorensis , Blainville 1822) in Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2014 — WHEB9DF13DFE6

Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) reintroduced to Panaitan Island, Ujung Kulon National Park, allocate most of their diurnal time to feeding, with no significant differences observed across age and sex groups. This study highlights that the behavior of these deer is influenced by factors such as age, sex, social group dynamics, temperature, and food availability. Researchers conducted observations on the reintroduced population, providing insights into how environmental and social variables shape their daily activities.

The tipuloid dipterans (Diptera, Tipulidae, Limoniidae) from the Putorana Plateau, with a description of Dactylolabis tschernovi sp. n.

Putorana Plateau — 2014 — WHE2DA8C109B2

Researchers have documented the first occurrence of tipuloid dipterans, including crane-flies and limoniids, on the Putorana Plateau. Among the findings is Dactylolabis tschernovi, a newly described species distinguished by unique morphological traits such as a distinct throat, specific coloration patterns, and a spear-shaped interbase in males. The study also highlights differences from related species like Dactylolabis carbonaria and Dactylolabis satanas. This work contributes to the understanding of biodiversity in this remote region, using taxonomic descriptions and comparative analysis to identify and classify these insects.

The Tomb of the Three Brothers in Palmyra: The Use of Mimetite, A Rare Yellow Pigment, in A Rich Decoration

Site of Palmyra — 2014 — WHE02632332E2

A rare yellow pigment, mimetite, has been identified for the first time in the richly decorated Tomb of the Three Brothers at Palmyra. This discovery highlights the sophisticated use of pigments during the Greco-Roman period, including Egyptian blue and other chromatic materials, which were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray micro-diffraction (XRD). The study reveals notable differences between the pigments used in the arch decorations compared to those in the rest of the chamber, underscoring the meticulous craftsmanship and artistic refinement of the time. This finding sheds new light on the palette and techniques employed by ancient artists.

The Transport of Nonindigenous Microorganisms Into Caves by Human Visitation: A Case Study at Carlsbad Caverns National Park

Carlsbad Caverns National Park — 2014 — WHE788D75F334

A study at Carlsbad Caverns National Park revealed that human visitation significantly impacts the microbial composition of cave environments, introducing nonindigenous microorganisms. Research conducted in 2004 and 2009 demonstrated that Staphylococcus spp., Knoellia spp., Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Alternaria, and Enterobacteriaceae were prevalent in areas frequented by visitors or associated with food storage and consumption. Notably, Enterobacteriaceae dominance was observed along the descent trail and within the Lunch Room, suggesting either natural occurrence or anthropogenic contamination. The study highlights the potential for management practices, such as restricting crumb-generating foods, to mitigate microbial contamination and protect cave ecosystems.

The Tree: Symbol, Allegory, and Mnemonic Device in Medieval Art and Thought ed. by Pippa Salonius and Andrea Worm (review)

Vézelay, Church and Hill — 2014 — WHE2CBF247B50

A comprehensive exploration of the tree's symbolic, allegorical, and mnemonic functions in medieval Christian art and thought reveals its profound role as a structuring device for knowledge and theological representation. The study, featuring nine essays and an introduction by Pippa Salonius and Andrea Worm, demonstrates how tree imagery—rooted in biblical narratives like the Tree of Knowledge and the Tree of Life—was employed to map familial relationships, organize intellectual frameworks (e.g., logic, soteriology), and convey theological truths. Highlighting architectural and manuscript illustrations from cathedrals across Europe, including Vézelay, the research underscores the tree's enduring influence in both visual culture and pedagogical systems during the late medieval period.

The Trencadis Mosaic on the Pinnacles of the Sagrada Familia Cathedral

Works of Antoni Gaudí — 2014 — WHE7EE57E75EC

Antoni Gaudí's innovative use of trencadis mosaic, composed of Murano glass, on the pinnacles of the Sagrada Familia Cathedral introduced a durable and aesthetically distinctive coating material suitable for high-altitude construction. This approach, still employed today in completing new pinnacles and decorating other parts of the cathedral, combined functional resilience with artistic expression. The study reveals Gaudí's constructive logic by tracing the evolution of this technique from his earlier works to its application in the Sagrada Familia, while also elucidating why he chose imported Italian glass for its unique properties.

The Tutsi body in the 1994 genocide: ideology, physical destruction, and memory

Memorial sites of the Genocide: Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi and Bisesero — 2014 — WHE75B825EB17

Bodies have become central to the politics of memory surrounding the 1994 Rwandan genocide, serving as both forensic evidence and focal points in memorial sites like Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi, and Bisesero. The study reveals that these memorials emphasize the 'practices of cruelty' employed during the genocide, including detailed inventories of weapons and methods used to kill Tutsis. This constructed ideology of dehumanization had alarming consequences for the physical destruction of Tutsi bodies. The research approach involved analyzing Rwandan institutional efforts in memorializing the genocide, focusing on how these ideologies influenced the treatment and representation of Tutsi bodies.

The Unexecuted Plans for the Eradication of Jewish Heresy in the Hispanic Monarchy and the Example of the Moriscos: The Thwarted Expulsion of the Judeoconversos

Convent of Christ in Tomar — 2014 — WHE0EE045B751

A significant political decision to banish approximately 300,000 Moriscos from Spain had profound social implications. During the reign of Philip III, the Portuguese New Christians' petitions were considered, leading to a pivotal Junta in Tomar at the Convent of Christ on May 23, 1629. Over several months, leading authorities of the Portuguese church deliberated and concluded that the expulsion of all 'enteros' or complete New Christians was the most effective means to eradicate Jewish heresy from Portugal. This decision, though uneexecuted, marked a notable shift in policy towards religious uniformity.

The urban edge of the historical center of Randazzo (CT): a multiscale approach for restoration and rehabilitation

Mount Etna — 2014 — WHED6580AB942

A multiscale approach for the restoration and rehabilitation of Randazzo's historical center, located on Mount Etna's northern slopes, reveals significant potential to mitigate recent urban alterations while preserving medieval fortifications. The study highlights that strategic interventions can reduce detrimental elements in this critical area, characterized by basalt rock and medieval structures severely impacted by modern construction. By maximizing conservation efforts, the proposed rehabilitation project aims to prevent dereliction and enhance the area's cultural and natural heritage value. This approach offers a model for balancing historical preservation with urban development in UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The Usage of Traditional Roof Frame and Fire Prevention Design in the Deajojeon Complex Reconstruction in Changdeokgung during the period from 1917 to 1921

Changdeokgung Palace Complex — 2014 — WHE067BA4F8B2

The reconstruction of the Daejojeon Complex at Changdeokgung Palace (1917–1921) marked a significant shift in architectural practices during Japan's colonial period. This study reveals that traditional roof frames were reintroduced to palace buildings, reaffirming their cultural and structural significance despite modernization pressures. Additionally, Daejojeon became the first royal building in the complex to incorporate fire prevention designs into its wood structure, setting a precedent for safety without compromising tradition. The research combines literature review with on-site analysis to highlight how this reconstruction preserved Changdeokgung's traditional landscape while allowing Joseon-era architects to influence colonial-era design norms.

The use of menthol on the archaeological site at the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor — 2014 — WHEB0E84D41C8

Research demonstrates that menthol can effectively inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria on the archaeological site of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, preserving its ancient wooden structures. The study employed a controlled application of menthol-based treatments to analyze their efficacy in preventing deterioration caused by microbial activity. This approach offers a promising solution for the long-term conservation of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, which faces significant challenges due to its age and environmental conditions.

The Valuation of Heritage Interpretation for Conservation and Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of the Historic City of Ayutthaya

Historic City of Ayutthaya — 2014 — WHE3A472B5025

A groundbreaking contingent valuation study of the UNESCO-listed Historic City of Ayutthaya reveals that visitors are willing to pay up to 422.44 Baht per day for heritage interpretation programs aimed at restoring and improving fifteen historic sites, with significant value also attributed to smaller-scale restoration efforts (137.44 Baht). Contrary to expectations, the study found no evidence of distance decay—a phenomenon where willingness to pay decreases with travel distance—challenging long-held assumptions in tourism economics. It also validated the scope test and ruled out anchoring bias statistically, underscoring the robustness of its methodology. The research highlights heritage interpretation as a critical tool for sustainable conservation and tourism, using one-day package entrance fees to align incentives effectively.

The value of osteology in an historical context: a comparison of osteological and historical evidence for trauma in the late 18th- to early 19th century British Royal Navy

Maritime Greenwich — 2014 — WHE9840B41C40

A comprehensive analysis of skeletal remains from late 18th- to early 19th-century British Royal Navy hospitals reveals a high prevalence of trauma, including fractures and joint dislocations, which provides a nuanced understanding of the physical toll of maritime life. The study compared osteological evidence with historical records, uncovering discrepancies in reported injuries, particularly those likely resulting from interpersonal violence, possibly due to seamen's fear of punishment. Unique fracture patterns and bony modifications suggest lifelong adaptations to a maritime lifestyle, often initiated during childhood or adolescence. This research highlights the value of integrating palaeopathological and historical approaches to reconstruct past health experiences more accurately.

The Venice Charter and Cultural Landscapes: Evolution of Heritage Concepts and Conservation Over Time

Venice and its Lagoon — 2014 — WHEBA75F539A0

The concept of cultural heritage has significantly evolved since the 1964 Venice Charter, which initially emphasized tangible constructs like monuments and sites. Over time, this framework broadened to include landscapes, intangible heritage, cultural routes, historic urban landscapes, and rural landscapes. The study traces this evolution through key documents such as the 1982 Florence Charter on Historic Gardens and UNESCO’s 1992 Operational Guidelines for World Heritage, highlighting how the Venice Charter influenced these developments. It also explores current challenges in conserving cultural landscapes, including recognizing associative values and indigenous knowledge, while maintaining continuing agricultural landscapes.

The Venice Charter: A Bibliography

Venice and its Lagoon — 2014 — WHEC14F7F0405

The Venice Charter, adopted in 1964 by ICOMOS, has been a cornerstone in guiding the conservation of historic monuments and sites. This bibliography, compiled by Lozupone and Frank, highlights key critiques and adaptations of the charter over four decades, revealing its evolving relevance and limitations. It identifies recurring themes such as the need for a 'parallel text' to address shortcomings, the critique of 'heritage dogma' reinforcing outdated principles, and the reinterpretation of tangible and intangible heritage definitions. The summary also explores the charter's application in diverse cultural contexts, including modern architecture and U.S. preservation policies, while noting persistent discussions on its modernization despite no formal amendments. The research approach involves synthesizing commentaries from international symposia, scholarly articles, and policy comparisons to assess the charter's impact and adaptability.

The vertebrate fauna from the “stipite” layers of the Grands Causses (Middle Jurassic, France)

The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape — 2014 — WHE4D4EFE52B4

A unique Middle Jurassic vertebrate assemblage from the 'stipites' layers of the Grands Causses, France, reveals one of the few fossil records of this age combining terrestrial and marine influences. The study documents small-sized bones, teeth, and scales of sharks (Hybodus, Asteracanthus), bony fishes (Lepidotes, Pycnodontiformes, etc.), amphibians (Anura, Albanerpetontidae), and reptiles (Crocodylomorpha, Ornithischia, Theropoda). Despite limited taxonomic diversity, this assemblage stands out for its mixed paleoenvironmental signals, surpassing coeval formations in Western Europe—except those from the British Isles—in diversity. The research synthesizes findings from these Bathonian coals and transitional layers, offering insights into Middle Jurassic ecosystems.

The volcanic-subvolcanic rocks of the fernando de noronha archipelago, southern atlantic ocean: Mineral chemistry

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2014 — WHE7D65D944DC

Fernando de Noronha Archipelago exhibits a diverse volcanic and subvolcanic rock composition characterized by two distinct alkaline series: sodic (undersaturated) and potassic (mildly undersaturated to silicic). The study reveals the presence of unique mineral assemblages, including magnesium olivines, melilites, clinopyroxenes ranging from salites to aegirines, amphiboles, dark micas with high BaO content, and feldspars such as calcic plagioclases, sanidines, and anorthoclases. Nephelinites and basanites with mantle xenoliths are also notable. The research employs mineral chemistry analysis to elucidate the geological processes shaping these rocks, providing insights into their petrogenesis and the complex volcanic history of the archipelago.

The Weimar Bauhaus Experiment

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2014 — WHE6316D40BFA

A pivotal chapter in the history of modern art and design, the Weimar Bauhaus (1919–1925), stands out for its innovative educational model and influential faculty. Led by Walter Gropius, the Bauhaus integrated fine arts with craftsmanship, fostering groundbreaking creations that reshaped visual culture. Key milestones included Lucia Moholy-Nagy's transformative role in the Basic Course and a 1923 exhibition that showcased Bauhaus innovations. However, internal tensions—such as the strained relationship between Wassily Kandinsky and Arnold Schoenberg—alongside financial crises, ultimately led to its decline. This study reveals how early institutional dynamics, pedagogical shifts, and interpersonal conflicts shaped the Bauhaus's legacy, offering insights into the intersection of art, education, and societal change.

The Wood Collection (Xylarium) Of The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew — 2014 — WHEC3F24D1DCA

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew's Wood Collection (Xylarium) stands as a comprehensive archive of 34,314 wood specimens, originating from the 19th century and expanding through global expeditions, institutional transfers, and collaborations. This collection, housed in a purpose-built research store with an online database, serves as a valuable resource for plant anatomy research, historical studies, wood isotope analysis, biochemistry, and education. Its diverse origins—ranging from imperial institutions to aristocratic estates—and its integration of plant anatomy slides since the 1930s underscore its multifaceted utility in both scientific inquiry and educational contexts.