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Publications

Showing 25901 – 25920 of 30315 publications

Anthropology of Experience: Touring the Past at Robben Island

Robben Island — 2013 — WHEB4AA6F7DB7

Robben Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and former prison where Nelson Mandela was incarcerated, serves as a 'liminal space' that facilitates shared experiences of oppression among diverse visitors. This transdisciplinary study, combining anthropology and tourism research, reveals how the constructed heritage product—through guided tours and visitor narratives—dismantles racial hierarchies by immersing individuals in a collective past. The research employs narrative analysis of focus group discussions and one-on-one interviews, alongside thematic analysis of visitor entries over six months, to demonstrate that the site's design and tour structure create a dislocated experience where visitors from different life histories confront shared narratives of denial and oppression.

Anuradhapura: Volume III: The Hinterland

Sacred City of Anuradhapura — 2013 — WHE026A2C1D0B

Anuradhapura's hinterland reveals a unique model of 'Tropical Forest Low Density Urbanism,' characterized by the absence of towns and the division of settlements into Buddhist monasteries or agricultural villages. This interdisciplinary study, spanning six years, combines settlement survey, excavation, and geoarchaeology to trace the growth of rural communities in response to Anuradhapura's rise as a capital and pilgrimage center from the first millennium BC onwards. It also documents the collapse of this hinterland by the eleventh century AD, providing the most detailed archaeology study of a South Asian urban hinterland's dynamic and contested nature.

Aplicação do Tourism Ecological Footprint Method para avaliação dos Impactos Ambientais do Turismo em Ilhas: um estudo em Fernando de Noronha

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2013 — WHED02E54AE7C

Tourism in Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, generates a significant ecological deficit of 26.7548 global hectares, indicating substantial environmental impacts despite its economic and conservation benefits. The study applied the Tourism Ecological Footprint Method to assess these impacts using secondary data analysis. Findings highlight the need for urgent measures, such as transitioning to renewable energy sources and raising tourist awareness about resource conservation, to mitigate negative effects on this UNESCO-listed archipelago.

Applied Archaeology in the Andes: The Contribution of Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Terracing to Environmental and Rural Development Strategies

Chavin (Archaeological Site) — 2013 — WHEF000DE8EA8

Research reveals that the rise and fall of Andean civilizations over the past 5,000 years was significantly influenced by climate variability. The study highlights how coastal civilizations, such as those at Caral, thrived initially due to maritime resources but faced decline during droughts, leading to the dominance of highland centers like Chavin de Huantar (c.500–200 BC). These centers expanded through trade networks but later declined due to environmental degradation in the highlands. The research also underscores the role of agricultural innovations, such as terracing and raised fields (camellones), in sustaining early economic developments around Lake Titicaca. By analyzing patterns of temperature and precipitation, the study demonstrates their critical role in shaping Andean cultural sustainability and power dynamics.

Applying social-ecological systems thinking to the urban quarter of old Sana'a and its associated garden

Old City of Sana'a — 2013 — WHEA217CCA7EA

The decline of the Old City of Sana'a's urban quarter and its associated garden is attributed to mismanagement of water and food resources by authoritative groups, disrupting a once thriving social-ecological system. This study reveals that cultural factors, particularly religious influences on water and waste systems, significantly shape the functionality of such built environments. By applying regenerative design principles through a social-ecological systems lens, it identifies critical insights for restoring vibrant urban ecosystems. The research highlights gaps in applying regenerative design outside North America and the limited exploration of social-ecological systems in built environments, offering a framework to advance regenerative design theory in culturally distinct contexts.

Approaches for mapping suscepibility to rockfalls initiation in carbonate rock-masses. A case study from the from the Sorrento coast (southern Italy)

Costiera Amalfitana — 2013 — WHEFA8CB09206

A new combined approach for mapping susceptibility to rockfall initiation in carbonate rock-masses has been found more accurate than standard methods, particularly in the high-risk, densely populated and touristic areas of the Sorrento coast, Italy. This study integrated Romana's Slope Mass Rating (SMR) and Matheson's graphical tests, indexing their respective susceptibility classes while also considering joint sets and macro-structural features like faults and master joints. Statistical analysis of historical rockfalls in the test area validated this method, offering a more precise tool for assessing unstable slopes and guiding remedial interventions.

Archaeal and bacterial communities in three alkaline hot springs in Heart Lake Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2013 — WHEA7D98476D6

A study of three alkaline hot springs in Yellowstone National Park's Heart Lake Geyser Basin revealed distinct microbial community structures shaped by temperature, with significant temporal variability. While bacterial populations remained stable over three years but varied by temperature—ranging from photosynthetic and moderately thermophilic at 44°C to non-photosynthetic thermophiles at 75°C—the archaeal communities showed more dynamic shifts. The 75°C spring exhibited dramatic changes, transitioning from ammonia-oxidizing Candidatus Nitrosocaldus in 2007 to almost exclusively Thermofilum or Candidatus Caldiarchaeum in 2009. Notably, the majority of sequences were dissimilar (≥10%) to known organisms, suggesting the presence of novel phylogenetic groups that warrant further cultivation efforts. The research employed small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene pyrosequencing to monitor these microbial communities over time.

Archaeobotanical results from Sarazm, Tajikistan, an Early Bronze Age Settlement on the edge: Agriculture and exchange

Proto-urban Site of Sarazm — 2013 — WHE66EE3B63B5

A previously unpublished macrobotanical dataset from Sarazm, Tajikistan, reveals critical insights into Early Bronze Age agriculture and exchange in Central Eurasia. The study, analyzing seeds from the 4th to late 3rd millennia BC, identifies domesticated wheat and barley, highlighting their role in the northeastern spread of agriculture. Additionally, wild fruit remains—including Russian olive, hackberry, sea buckthorn berry, wild pistachio, and capers—suggest foraging practices alongside agricultural activities. Sarazm's strategic location at the eastern edge of a settlement chain provides key evidence for understanding how agriculture diffused into mountainous and steppe regions. The analysis, conducted in the late 1980s by George Willcox but published only recently, underscores the importance of this site in reconstructing Early Bronze Age economies and exchange networks.

Archaeological excavations at Gamzigrad - Romuliana in 2007-2008

Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius — 2013 — WHEE3AD5F6B6B

Archaeological excavations at Gamzigrad-Romuliana (2007–2008) revealed that the earlier fortification of Felix Romuliana, previously thought to date from the 4th–5th centuries, was actually constructed in the 3rd century. The research uncovered a large public building—likely the principia—founded beneath Galerius' bath, featuring a courtyard (atrium), porch, and pylon with towers. This structure was adapted into the palace complex rather than demolished, challenging prior dating assumptions. Excavations also identified multiple renovation phases of an adjacent frigidarium (cold-water pool) with mosaic decorations, including rare glass cubes in deep blue and gold. Stratigraphic analysis across layers (D–G) provided a detailed timeline from the late 3rd to mid-5th centuries, incorporating artifacts like pottery, coins, and metal items. The study used systematic excavation of predefined squares and trenches, combined with architectural and artifactual dating.

Archaeological Investigations in the El Paraíso Valley: the Role of Secondary Centers in the Multiethnic Landscape of Classic Period Copan

Maya Site of Copan — 2013 — WHE53299998EB

Archaeological investigations in the El Paraíso Valley, Honduras, reveal a novel model of political organization during the Classic Maya period (a.d. 400–900). The study identifies two proximate yet distinct centers—El Cafetal and El Paraíso—which, despite being contemporary and similarly sized, differ markedly in spatial layout, construction techniques, architectural decoration, open space utilization, and material culture. Analysis suggests that while El Cafetal represents an autochthonous population, El Paraíso functioned as an administrative outpost established by the Copan dynasty. This dual-site pattern reflects a broader strategy of sociopolitical integration employed by Copan rulers to accommodate ethnically diverse regions on the periphery of their kingdom.

Archaeology and Community in Jordan and Greater Syria: Traditional Patterns and New Directions

Umm Al-Jimāl — 2013 — WHE18B6C21A3A

This study challenges the long-standing stereotype of archaeology as a discipline disconnected from local communities, particularly in the Levant. It reveals that while historical practices often prioritized Western scientific expertise over community engagement, there is an emerging trend toward greater inclusion and collaboration. The research focuses on the Umm el-Jimal Project as a case study to illustrate this shift, highlighting how modern archaeology can bridge the gap between expert-driven exploration and local development. By examining traditional patterns and new directions, the study offers an optimistic perspective on the future of community-integrated archaeological practices.

Archaeology of brutal encounter: heritage and bomb testing on B ikini A toll, R epublic of the M arshall I slands

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2013 — WHE3636470CB8

Bikini Atoll, once a thriving Indigenous homeland, now bears the scars of 67 nuclear tests conducted between 1946 and 1958, including the world's first deliverable hydrogen bomb in 1954. These tests vaporized three islands, caused widespread radioactive fallout, and left profound landscape modifications, sunken ships, and infrastructure remains. While its 2010 UNESCO World Heritage listing (re)imagined Bikini as a global symbol of nuclear testing, it also subversively co-opts both local and global narratives, privileging the latter while obscuring the atoll's lost cultural heritage. This study highlights the tension between global recognition and local memory, arguing that the site's significance is mutually beneficial but complex.

Archaeometric Analysis of Pigments from the Tomb of Nakht-Djehuty (TT189), El-Qurna Necropolis, Upper Egypt

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2013 — WHEEA070122F4

Scientific analysis of pigments from the Tomb of Nakht-Djehuty (TT189) in El-Qurna Necropolis, dating to the Ramesside period (c. 1279-1212 BC), reveals a distinct chromatic palette used by ancient Egyptian artists. The study identified Egyptian blue (Cuprorivaite) as the blue pigment, Egyptian green for green, red ochre for red, yellow ochre for yellow, and a mixture of gypsum and calcite for white. Employing advanced techniques such as optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and visible reflectance spectroscopy, researchers characterized the stratigraphic structure and chemical composition of wall paintings in the tomb. These findings provide valuable insights into the artistic practices and material culture of Ancient Egypt during this period.

Architects, Angels, Activists and the City of Bath, 1765–1965: engaging with women's spatial interventions in buildings and landscape

City of Bath — 2013 — WHE0569C47814

A groundbreaking analysis reveals that women significantly shaped the architectural and landscape identity of Bath from 1765 to 1965, challenging traditional narratives that credit male architects alone. Cynthia Hammond's research, rooted in her PhD thesis, highlights how female activists, architects, and angelic figures influenced urban development through spatial interventions—ranging from building designs to public spaces. The study employs a multi-disciplinary approach, integrating architectural history with gender studies, to uncover these overlooked contributions. By examining Bath’s built environment, Hammond demonstrates that women were pivotal in defining the city's aesthetic and functional evolution, offering new perspectives on heritage conservation and urban planning.

Architectural History and Painting Art at Ajanta: Some Salient Features

Ajanta Caves — 2013 — WHE8E5589CC54

Ajanta Caves' architectural and painting traditions reflect a dynamic exchange of artistic styles with the Bagh caves, driven by the movement of skilled artisans between these Buddhist sites. This study reveals that iconographic elements were adapted based on local rock conditions, demonstrating a sophisticated materials culture in ancient India. The Ajanta murals not only mark a milestone in world art but also offer profound insights into the daily life and cultural practices of ancient Indians. Additionally, the paper highlights advanced conservation measures and scientific methodologies employed to preserve these priceless murals.

Are mouflon O vis gmelini musimon really grazers? A review of variation in diet composition

Teide National Park — 2013 — WHE1615A463D5

Mouflon, traditionally classified as grazers, exhibit significant dietary flexibility, incorporating forbs and shrubs into their diet when grass availability is limited. A review of 33 field studies across diverse habitats revealed that while grass constitutes an average of 35% of their diet (ranging from 0 to 91%), forbs and shrubs can dominate in certain seasons or regions, such as the Kerguelen Archipelago and Teide National Park, where forbs reached up to 83%. This challenges the strict grazer classification, suggesting mouflon are better described as variable grazers. The study combined dietary data from rumen content and feces with environmental characteristics using co-inertia analysis, highlighting the species' adaptability to forage availability variations. Further research is needed to understand the digestive implications of browse inclusion on population dynamics.

Arqueo-etnografia de tierradentro

National Archeological Park of Tierradentro — 2013 — WHEB629329338

This study reveals the complex interplay between archaeology, indigenous communities, and heritage management, highlighting how non-hierarchical collaboration can shape the interpretation of cultural landscapes. Focusing on the National Archeological Park of Tierradentro in Colombia, the research demonstrates that community rejection of a proposed archaeological park—rooted in indigenous perspectives and contemporary socio-political contexts—can be better understood through ethnographic engagement rather than traditional archaeological frameworks. The study employs archaeo-ethnography, a method that blends participant observation with native categorizations to analyze relationships between communities, institutions, and academia, offering insights into the challenges of inclusive heritage governance.

Art and Icons Lost in East Prussia: The Fate of German Seizures from Kyiv Museums

Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra — 2013 — WHE1ADB67D55C

During World War II, German forces seized approximately 80 crates of art and icons from two prominent Kyiv museums, including around 500 icons from the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, intending to transfer them to East Prussia. These artifacts were stored in Konigsberg and later moved to Wildenhoff, where they were intentionally destroyed as the Red Army advanced in February 1945. The study, based on newly declassified sources, reveals that German crate inventories detailing the seized art were prepared for the Nuremberg trials but remain largely unpublished. While some artifacts have been recovered or spotted in Western auctions, the destruction represents one of the most significant cultural losses for Ukraine during the war. Speculations about surviving works persist, with restitution negotiations ongoing for a few paintings.

Art, photography and remembering Hiroshima

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) — 2013 — WHEAD41BC3F20

Contemporary art and photography significantly influence the reinterpretation of Hiroshima's atomic bombing memory, offering new perspectives that challenge traditional narratives. This study highlights how artists subtly recontextualize historical artefacts within the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, fostering diverse interpretations. By capturing 'ghosts of the past,' these works create spaces for reflection on victimhood and national identity, contributing to potential future reconciliation in East Asia. The research examines how such artistic interventions can reshape collective memory, even when they provoke controversy.

Asian Heritage Management

Himeji-jo — 2013 — WHE7814B84E2A

Asian Heritage Management presents a comprehensive exploration of the ideological, cultural, and practical challenges faced in preserving heritage sites across Asia. The book highlights that heritage conservation is not merely a technical process but is deeply intertwined with philosophical, religious, and societal values, which vary significantly across different regions and contexts. It identifies key conflicts, such as those between modern development and traditional preservation, and the commodification of intangible cultural heritage, which threaten the sustainability of these sites. The study employs comparative analysis, case studies from Japan, Nepal, India, China, Malaysia, and other Asian countries, and theoretical frameworks to examine how heritage management can be adapted to respect both local values and global standards. A central insight is that successful conservation requires a balance between preserving historical integrity and accommodating contemporary needs, such as tourism and urban development.