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Banska Stiavnica Educational Space for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage

Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity — 2013 — WHE7A7FC97243

Banská Štiavnica stands out as both a historic town and a pioneering center for education and science, dating back to the 18th century with its renowned Mining Academy—the first university of its kind in Europe. A key insight from this study is the transformative role of the Faculty of Architecture at the Slovak University of Technology (SUT) in preserving cultural heritage through active student engagement. Since 1986, a historic building near the town hall has served as a training ground for over 400 students involved in its restoration, evolving into the Research and Education Center of the Faculty of Architecture by 2000. This center now functions as a hub for experimental research and educational activities, blending academic rigor with practical heritage preservation efforts.

Barruol Guy, Fiches Jean‑Luc, Garmy Pierre (dir.), Les ponts routiers en Gaule romaine. Actes du colloque tenu au Pont du Gard du 8 au 11 octobre 2008 ( RAN, Suppl. 41), Montpellier, Presses Universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2011, 1 vol. 23 x 28,5, 720 p., 1 cahier de 64 photos coul.

Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) — 2013 — WHE79783FA222

A comprehensive catalogue of 1,895 terracotta objects from the Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct) reveals significant insights into the site's archaeological history. The study, conducted by Guy Barruol and Jean-Luc Fiches, documents a highly fragmentary collection, with only about 20% of the total fragments (ca. 9,000) catalogued due to poor preservation conditions, likely resulting from redeposition during the early Imperial period. Notably, five terracotta figurines dating back to the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1200 BCE) represent the earliest known cultic offerings at the site, depicting a feminine figure with bird-like facial features—a style characteristic of that era. The catalogue also includes smaller terracottas, medium-sized pieces, and larger fragments, though these are rarely complete. The research relies on extensive documentation of past excavations, including those from 1888 and the Mitford-Iliffe mission (1950–1955), though some materials remain missing despite searches across European institutions.

Bats and Swifts as food of the European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) in a small town in Slovakia

Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve — 2013 — WHE24788FB68B

European Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in Bardejov, Slovakia, have adapted their foraging behavior to exploit bats and Common Swifts as prey, using novel tactics such as sit-and-wait ambushes near building ventilation channels. This specialized diet significantly boosted breeding success compared to kestrels that did not hunt these urban-dwelling species. The study highlights a recent ecological shift in predator-prey dynamics within small towns, where improved building insulation now threatens both the kestrels and their novel prey by destroying roosting and breeding sites. Research involved analyzing diet composition and foraging behavior across multiple breeding pairs, revealing no significant sex-based differences in hunting strategies.

Beaches of Ibiza and Formentera (Balearic Islands): a classification based on their environmental features, tourism use and management

Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture — 2013 — WHE38FF456AEB

A comprehensive classification of Ibiza and Formentera's beaches reveals a concerning trend: natural beaches (B-C) are at risk of transforming into urbanized ones (A), driven by tourism pressure. The study analyzed 100 beaches using 35 variables, including environmental state, tourism use, and management practices, employing statistical techniques like Cluster and PCA analysis. It highlights the dominance of urban beaches in Ibiza while underscoring the need for proactive management to mitigate degradation and preserve natural coastal ecosystems. This classification serves as a predictive tool for future scenarios, urging stakeholders to implement conservation measures to safeguard the remaining semi-natural and natural beaches.

Bearing replacements for Forth Road Bridge approach viaducts

The Forth Bridge — 2013 — WHE0C29ECCF46

Structural deficiencies in the Forth Road Bridge's approach viaducts, exacerbated by corrosion-induced bearing lock-up and chloride-contaminated concrete deterioration, necessitated a comprehensive bearing replacement project. The study highlights how these issues altered the bridge's articulation, compounding structural weaknesses. It provides a detailed account of the design and implementation of temporary works to maintain bridge stability during jacking operations while outlining modifications to facilitate bearing replacements. This case study offers valuable insights into the challenges of large-scale infrastructure maintenance in heritage structures.

Beauty versus tragedy: thanatourism and the memorialisation of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide

Memorial sites of the Genocide: Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi and Bisesero — 2013 — WHEA221FC5366

Rwanda's genocide memorial sites are increasingly being integrated into its national tourism product, a process that both challenges and facilitates the work of site guardians. This duality reflects the complex interplay between thanatourism—tourism motivated by death or tragedy—and the ongoing reconciliation efforts following the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. The study critically examines this contested memorialisation process, drawing on theories of genocide, heritage, and tourism to highlight its implications for both local communities and international visitors.

Bernard de Clairvaux: Lettres. Tome 3: (92-163). Introduction, translation, and notes by MONIQUE and GASTON DUCHET-SUCHAUX.

Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey — 2013 — WHE40BD0A069D

This volume of Bernard de Clairvaux's letters (92–163) reveals his pivotal role in European affairs during the 1130s, particularly during the papal schism following Honorius II's death. It highlights his extensive correspondence on monastic issues, vocations, and spiritual guidance for nuns and laywomen, alongside political and ecclesiastical matters. The elegant Latin-French translation provides insights into Bernard's influence on both religious and secular domains, supported by a detailed introduction, chronology, and thematic grouping of letters. This volume deepens our understanding of medieval monastic leadership and its intersection with broader historical events.

Besiedelung neugeschaffener Laichgewässer durch Amphibien im Einzugssgebiet der Ybbs

Wachau Cultural Landscape — 2013 — WHE9B0A092C39

A study on the Wachau Cultural Landscape revealed that newly created breeding ponds can effectively support amphibian populations, contributing to biodiversity conservation. The research, conducted as part of the LIFE+ project 'Mostviertel-Wachau,' demonstrated that five new ponds, designed with varied structural parameters, were successfully colonized by five out of eight native amphibian species within two years. While an existing pond initially attracted all species, the new ponds showed increasing use over time, particularly for reproduction. The study highlights the importance of diverse habitat structures—such as shallow, sunlit areas with vegetation or deadwood—in supporting amphibian colonization and reproduction. This approach offers a practical strategy for stabilizing declining amphibian populations in Austria.

Bethany Beyond the Jordan Site of Jesus Baptism: A Threatened Site

Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) — 2013 — WHEA590E55F4B

The discovery of the Baptism Site 'Bethany Beyond the Jordan' marks a significant advancement in archaeology and cultural heritage, particularly in the Jordan Valley. This site, crucial for understanding early Roman and Byzantine history, faces substantial threats to its ecology, heritage, and eco-tourism potential. The study identifies these risks and proposes mitigation strategies, emphasizing the need for enhanced restoration and preservation efforts. To ensure long-term sustainability, it recommends strengthening coordination between conservation sections and forming a specialized architectural conservation staff adhering to the Venice Charter regulations. A robust conservation process is deemed essential to minimize negative impacts and protect this invaluable archaeological site.

Beyond Auschwitz? Europe’s Terrorscapes in the Age of Postmemory

Auschwitz Birkenau German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) — 2013 — WHEB0DD417224

Auschwitz-Birkenau, as a symbol of Nazi atrocities, continues to evoke profound emotional responses even among contemporary European audiences. This study highlights the contrasting reactions of two diverse groups—Dutch football players and a popular deejay—to their visits to the site, illustrating how postmemory shapes individual engagement with historical trauma. The research employs qualitative analysis of media narratives surrounding these visits, revealing that spontaneous public gestures, often driven by personal triggers like Holocaust Memorial Day or childhood curiosity, can serve as potent acts of remembrance. While the football players' visit was framed within a broader UEFA Championship context, the deejay's impromptu trip underscored a personal reckoning with historical ignorance. Together, these episodes underscore the enduring power of Auschwitz-Birkenau as both a physical and symbolic 'terrorscape,' challenging assumptions about collective memory in postmemory societies.

Beyond Borders: The Shady Past and Uncertain Future of (Trans) National Parks

Maloti-Drakensberg Park — 2013 — WHEC4DBD82102

National parks, despite their widespread appeal and proliferation, have historically failed to meet ecological and social conservation goals. A critical analysis of three scholarly works reveals that the national park ideal is malleable and fluid, shaped by diverse visions and adaptable to local contexts, rather than a unified concept. While some conservation models like UNESCO World Heritage Sites impose strict criteria, national parks lack such governance, leading to conflicts among competing interests. The study highlights how neoliberal conservation practices, exemplified by transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) in the Maloti-Drakensberg Park, often prioritize economic and political agendas over ecological restoration or local community benefits, resulting in dispossession and environmental degradation. To address these challenges, the authors advocate for redefining the national park idea, integrating science into management policies, adopting transnational perspectives, and exploring indigenous epistemologies to foster more sustainable and just conservation practices.

Beyond Management and Sustainability: Visitor Experiences of Physical Accessibility in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2013 — WHEEFE357BCFD

Visitors with physical disabilities to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park commonly report significant accessibility challenges, particularly narrow restroom doorways and the lack of accessible trails. The study, sponsored by the National Center on Accessibility, is notable for being the first to focus solely on the perceptions and expectations of individuals with physical disabilities in a single national park. It highlights critical gaps in infrastructure, such as insufficient grab bars and curb cuts, which hinder accessibility. Future research should expand this approach to include diverse disabilities—such as hearing or visual impairments—and compare experiences across different types of US National Park Service units (national parks, historical sites, parkways, and monuments) at multiple levels (state, regional, national). This would provide a broader understanding of accessibility needs and improve management strategies.

Beyond Virtual Replicas: 3D Modeling and Maltese Prehistoric Architecture

Megalithic Temples of Malta — 2013 — WHE458592B90C

A groundbreaking virtual reconstruction of the Borg in-Nadur megalithic temple reveals unprecedented insights into Maltese prehistoric architecture. This 3D modeling approach, developed by the Archeomatica Project at the University of Catania, demonstrates how digital replicas can serve as both interpretative tools for archaeologists and accessible mediums for public dissemination. The methodology effectively addresses the challenges posed by poorly preserved or destroyed sites, offering a virtual environment that enhances archaeological hypotheses while providing a vivid visual representation of cultural heritage.

Bibliographie

Historic Site of Lyon — 2013 — WHE33382BC549

A comprehensive bibliography of Lyon's urban history and growth, focusing on the evolution of its neighborhoods, particularly the Vieux-Lyon. The compilation includes key works from the 19th century, such as studies by Authier J.-Y., Bailleux de Marisy A., Barillon, and Beroujon C., which shed light on Lyon's financial history, public works, and architectural transformations. Notably, Barillon's work details the regeneration of the Boucherie des Terreaux district and the construction of significant edifices, providing valuable insights into urban development strategies of the era. The bibliography serves as a foundational resource for understanding Lyon's historical growth and its enduring impact on the city's landscape.

Bioarchaeological Analysis of a Royal Burial from the Oldest Maya Tomb in Palenque, Mexico

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2013 — WHEAE647BE3E6

A bioarchaeological analysis of the oldest Maya tomb in Palenque, Mexico, reveals that a royal burial (PAL-44) dates to 250–420 cal AD, predating the first recorded ruler by nearly a century. The tomb contained two skeletons: PAL-44, a young adult male with severe scoliosis and red cinnabar pigmentation, likely indicating his high status, while PAL-45, an adult female with signs of childhood malnutrition and multiple traumas, suggests a lower social rank. Radiocarbon dating, X-ray fluorescence, and skeletal analysis were used to uncover these insights, providing new evidence for early Maya political organization and health conditions.

Biocultural diversity of Yakushima Island: Mountains, beaches, and sea

Yakushima — 2013 — WHEA608919080

Yakushima Island, recognized as both a Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site, showcases remarkable biocultural diversity due to its unique biogeographic position. The island's inhabitants maintain deep cultural ties with local ecosystems, particularly through interactions with deer (Cervus nippon), sea turtles (Caretta caretta), and spotted mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius). However, the influx of tourists post-heritage designation has largely bypassed lowland villages, neglecting traditional practices and contributing to economic disparities. The study underscores the need for an integrated conservation plan to sustain biocultural diversity while addressing challenges like declining agricultural and fishery production. It advocates for preserving this heritage through the Biosphere Reserve framework, ensuring its transmission to future generations with pride.

Biodiversity, ecological structure, and change in the sponge community of different geomorphological zones of the barrier fore reef at C arrie B ow C ay, B elize

Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System — 2013 — WHEC12B8D81B5

A significant shift in the benthic community structure at the barrier fore reef of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, has been observed between 1978 and 2009. Coral cover has decreased by over 90%, while sponge and octocoral communities have expanded, with six dominant sponge species accounting for 42.6% of the total assemblage. The study analyzed four geomorphological zones—spur-and-groove, inner reef slope, outer ridge, and fore-reef slope—to assess biodiversity, density, diversity, and evenness indexes. Despite statistical similarities across zones, some species exhibit dominance in specific areas, indicating a transition from coral-dominated ecosystems to sponge and octocoral recovery.

Biological activities and chemical constituents of some mangrove species from Sundarban estuary: An overview

The Sundarbans — 2013 — WHEAEBAC75D24

Mangrove species from the Sundarbans, spanning India and Bangladesh, exhibit significant medicinal potential with diverse biological activities. This review highlights seven key species—Ceriops decandra, Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Excoecaria agallocha, Sarcolobus globosus, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Acanthus ilicifolius—as rich sources of bioactive compounds used in traditional medicine. While these plants are integral to local livelihoods and folk remedies for various ailments, systematic studies on their chemical constituents and activity-structure relationships remain limited. The review synthesizes existing research to underscore the need for further exploration of these species as novel sources of medicinal agents while advocating for their conservation and sustainable utilization.

Bioremediation Mariculture in Zanzibar, Tanzania: A Viability Assessment of Using Bath Sponge and Pearl Oyster Farms to Filter Highly Polluted Waters in the Zanzibar Channel

Stone Town of Zanzibar — 2013 — WHEF3905FE4E7

Marine sponges and pearl oysters demonstrate significant potential for bioremediation of highly polluted waters in the Zanzibar Channel, effectively reducing phosphate concentrations by up to 66% (from 3.93 µg/L to 1.33–1.73 µg/L) and converting dissolved nitrates into ammonium, increasing it from 4.01 µg/L to 21.5 µg/L. The study also found that sponges rapidly reduced water turbidity within 36 hours. Conducted in Stone Town, Unguja, this research builds on global bioremediation models while assessing the feasibility of implementing mariculture techniques tailored to Zanzibar’s pollution distribution and local water circulation patterns. Collaboration with private and governmental organizations, along with further scientific research, is deemed essential for successful implementation.

Bird Diversity and Occurrence of Bamboo Specialists in Two Bamboo Die-Offs in Southeastern Peru

Manú National Park — 2013 — WHECECC3908D4

A study on bamboo die-offs in Manu National Park, Peru, reveals that the transformation of bamboo patches into second-growth forest does not significantly impact overall bird diversity. Despite the disappearance of 12 bamboo-specialist species post-die-off, few new species colonized the area, suggesting that spatial heterogeneity from bamboo loss is not crucial for maintaining avian biodiversity in western Amazonian forests. However, some bamboo specialists, like the Brown-rumped Foliage-Gleaner and Goeldi's Antbird, persisted by adapting to vegetation structure rather than plant composition. The research compared bird census data from 1984–1985 with post-die-off observations in 2009, highlighting the resilience of certain species to habitat changes.