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Showing 26241 – 26260 of 30315 publications

From bābānu to bētānu, Looking for Spaces in Late Assyrian Palaces

Palace and Park of Versailles — 2013 — WHEDB2530EC0A

Late Assyrian palaces, as reflected in textual sources, reveal a complex duality between public and private spaces, articulated through the Akkadian terms bābānu (outside) and bētānu (inside). This study highlights the challenges in reconstructing palatial topography due to fragmented spatial designations that lack coherence. By comparing these ancient structures with better-documented examples like Versailles and Topkapi, it underscores how access and social organization shaped Assyrian palaces. The analysis relies on textual evidence, though its limited attestation complicates interpretations.

From Down House to Avebury: John Lubbock, prehistory and human evolution through the eyes of his collection

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2013 — WHEDC01BA5E03

Sir John Lubbock's collection of prehistoric stone tools and ethnographic artifacts, analyzed through the lens of his evolutionary interests, reveals his pivotal role as a Victorian champion for prehistory studies. This analysis highlights how Lubbock transitioned from Darwin’s protégé to an advocate for ancient monument preservation, using six key acquisitions to trace his intellectual journey. The study underscores Lubbock's influence in shaping scientific thought on human evolution and the protection of archaeological heritage, particularly at sites like Avebury.

From mounds to maps to models: Visualizing ancient architecture across landscapes

Maya Site of Copan — 2013 — WHEFFE0BEB5E1

A novel GIS approach demonstrates how unexcavated mounds at the UNESCO-listed Maya site of Copán can be interpolated into 3D models, bridging gaps in landscape archaeology. By leveraging remote sensing data—including lidar, photogrammetry, and SAR—the study reveals small-scale architectural complexes and households, providing critical context for larger, known sites. This method enhances regional analyses by transforming static map data into dynamic visualizations, offering new insights into unexcavated landscapes without requiring excavation. The findings underscore the potential of 3D modeling to redefine our understanding of ancient Maya urban planning and settlement patterns.

From Susa to Persepolis: The Pseudo-Sealing of the Persepolis Bronze Plaque

Persepolis — 2013 — WHEE392DAFE1F

A unique bronze plaque from Persepolis, inscribed with Elamite text on both sides, challenges the assumption that such objects were typically sealed. Unlike other finds, this plaque (PBP) was discovered with its obverse face up, while the reverse remained protected by the floor, preserving it better than expected. The study establishes a connection between PBP and Persepolis Fortification tablets through PF 352, linking it to well-documented figures like Huban-ahpi from Susa's Acropole. Paleographical analysis further ties PBP to Neo-Elamite documents, though the use of GAM in its text complicates dating efforts, as this feature is not exclusive to that period. The research clarifies that GAM cannot serve as a definitive chronological marker, refining our understanding of Elamite inscriptions and their historical context.

From Toledo to Timbuktu: The Case for a Biography of the Ka'ti archive, and its Sources

Timbuktu — 2013 — WHE22BAAEDB13

Timbuktu's Fondo Ka'ti archive, once overlooked, emerges as a pivotal historical artefact when approached through archival biography. This study reveals that the archive's unique construction and 'life' offer fresh insights into the entangled processes shaping history, highlighting hybridities in both archives and identities. Unlike traditional studies focusing solely on manuscript content, this research treats the Fondo Ka'ti as an active participant in its historical context, assessing its conditions of production and reciprocal influence on surrounding environments. Such a perspective sets new standards for source-based histories, challenging conventional narratives and illuminating alternative pathways to understanding Sub-Saharan Africa's pre-colonial written tradition.

From Uzbek Qishlok to Tajik Samarkand: Rural Depopulation as a Migration of Identity

Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures — 2013 — WHEBDD8F63E33

Rural Uzbek migrants to Samarkand undergo significant identity transformations, adopting both their 'Uzbekness' and urban lifestyles upon encountering diverse national groups and symbols of urbanity. This process involves distancing from village customs while embracing new social markers such as clothing, mobile phones, cars, and Russian-style apartments. The study highlights how migrants construct identities through references to their origins and newly acquired urban traits, emphasizing the role of rural depopulation in shaping cultural dynamics within Tajik-dominated Samarkand.

Front and Back Covers, Volume 29, Number 5. October 2013

Old Towns of Djenné — 2013 — WHE7290857538

The annual re-claying of the Djenné Mosque highlights the enduring tradition and challenges faced by Mali's mud masons. This practice, central to the region's monumental mud-brick architecture, has been disrupted by recent political instability, economic strain, and environmental pressures in Mali. Despite these challenges, the craft remains a specialized trade with deep cultural significance, regulated by the barey ton association. A parallel focus on human-elephant relations at Nepal's Khorsor Eleeding Centre illustrates the intricate training rituals and multi-species dynamics involved in elephant conservation efforts, emphasizing the role of the Tharu people in managing these relationships for biodiversity protection and tourism.

Frontiers and Borderlands in Imperial Perspectives: Exploring Rome's Egyptian Frontier

Frontiers of the Roman Empire — 2013 — WHE7002839F90

Egypt's Great Oasis functioned as a critical buffer zone for the Roman Empire, protecting Nile Valley inhabitants from desert nomads through its conceptual, physical, and human dimensions. This study reveals that the oases, consisting of two linked regions, required specific imperial frontier policies that were not merely economic or militaristic but also ideological. By analyzing documentary sources and archaeological material from the Roman period (ca. 30 B.C.E. to the sixth century C.E.), the research introduces a new theoretical approach that integrates space and social perception to understand borderland developments in imperial contexts.

Fruting Phenology of Eight Shorea Species in SinhaInt Man and Biosphere Reserve

Sinharaja Forest Reserve — 2013 — WHE5BB7A6AC77

A study on the fruiting phenology of eight Shorea species in Sinharaja Man and Biosphere Reserve reveals distinct fruiting patterns among two groups: Thiniya and Beraliya. The Thiniya group exhibits annual fruiting with high variability in participation across years, while the Beraliya group shows a supra-annual pattern with tightly synchronized fruit fall. Fruiting intensity in most species correlates significantly with monthly rainfall, indicating that these trees time their reproductive cycles to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. This research provides crucial insights for identifying mother trees and collecting seeds for restoration efforts in degraded forest areas, funded by USAID, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Britin Scholarship Fund.

Fynbos leaf online plant recognition application

Cape Floral Region Protected Areas — 2013 — WHE155298B836

A computer-aided plant identification application demonstrates high accuracy and efficiency in recognizing fynbos species using leaf photographs, addressing the challenge of limited flowering periods. The system leverages computer vision and pattern recognition to achieve robust performance, with comprehensive testing validating its effectiveness in online user interfaces and processing speed. This breakthrough offers a practical tool for identifying non-flowering fynbos, enhancing conservation efforts in the Cape Floral Region Protected Areas.

Garden Archaeology in Flanders. Developing a new archaeological discipline in Flanders at the Neue Garten in the Landcommandery Alden Biesen (Bilzen) and the garden of the Plantin-Moretus Museum at Antwerp

Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex — 2013 — WHE27A377A5CC

Garden archaeology, a discipline distinct from traditional archaeology, has been successfully applied in Europe for two decades but only recently introduced in Flanders. This study presents the first two garden archaeology excavations in Flanders, focusing on the 18th-century Neue Garten at Alden Biesen and the early 17th-century garden within the Plantin-Moretus Museum complex. The research demonstrates that garden archaeology is more than a tool for reconstruction, providing substantial expertise in this multidisciplinary field. By investigating the layout of tuinpaden (garden paths) and traces of historical gardens, the study showcases its potential to uncover architectural and biological remains, offering valuable insights into the design and history of these spaces.

Gardening and Agricultural Application in Chengde Summer Mountain Resort

Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde — 2013 — WHE6C28D77762

Chengde Summer Mountain Resort's agricultural practices during the reigns of Kangxi and Qianlong emperors highlight the cultural significance of agriculture in China's economy. The study reveals how gardening techniques and agricultural applications were integrated into imperial landscape design, emphasizing their role in sustaining national prosperity. By analyzing historical records and garden layouts, researchers demonstrate the resort's dual function as both a recreational space and an agricultural model, reflecting the era's economic priorities. This approach provides insight into the interplay between imperial governance, environmental management, and cultural heritage preservation.

Gaseous oxidized mercury dry deposition measurements in the Four Corners area and Eastern Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Mesa Verde National Park — 2013 — WHE606BD18B5C

A two-year study in the Four Corners area, including Mesa Verde National Park, and eastern Oklahoma revealed unprecedented levels of gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) dry deposition, with the highest annual estimate recorded in the U.S. using passive samplers at 10,889 ng/m². This finding underscores significant regional mercury pollution, particularly during spring and summer, with deposition rates ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 ng/m²/h across six sites. The study also noted that GOM dry deposition often exceeded wet deposition at Mesa Verde, highlighting the importance of this pathway in mercury contamination. Conducted before stricter U.S. emissions regulations, the research provides a critical baseline for understanding pre-regulation mercury levels and their spatial variability.

Gateway and garden: a kind of tourism in Bali

City of Cuzco — 2013 — WHEC94DEFE82B

Heritage sites, such as the UNESCO-listed City of Cuzco in Peru, are shaped by powerful discourses and practices that activate collective imagination. This study highlights how cinematic representations, historical fiction, and visual traditions contribute to the creation of a potent heritage iconography, exemplified by the theatrically staged revival of the ancient Inca rite Inti Raymi. The research approach involves analyzing these interacting elements to understand their role in shaping heritage narratives.

Gazelle behaviour and human presence at early Neolithic Göbekli Tepe, south-east Anatolia

Göbekli Tepe — 2013 — WHEDEC0C64F3A

Research at Göbekli Tepe reveals that Persian gazelles exhibited migratory behavior during the early Neolithic period, with seasonal presence aligning with human activities such as feasting and rituals. Stable isotope analysis of carbon, oxygen, and strontium in gazelle teeth and bones, combined with zooarchaeological data, suggests that high game density in the southern Anti-Taurus piedmont coincided with human gatherings at this significant ritual center. This finding provides insights into the ecological and behavioral dynamics of gazelles during a pivotal period in human cultural history, offering a unique perspective on the interplay between early human societies and their environment.

Gebäudeausrichtung in der traditionellen Architektur der heiß‐ trockenen Region des Iran am Beispiel der Städte Yazd und Esfahan

Historic City of Yazd — 2013 — WHE17B80E32AE

Traditional architecture in the hot-dry regions of Iran, exemplified by Yazd and Esfahan, employs a strategic courtyard orientation known as 'Roun' to optimize thermal comfort. This 30° deviation from the North-South axis creates two southern and northern sides within courtyards, each serving distinct seasonal functions. Analysis of solar radiation and wind patterns reveals that southern sides are ideal for summer use, housing semi-open spaces like ivans and wind catchers (Ba-dgir), while northern sides suit winter conditions. The study confirms the prevalence of Roun orientations in historic districts, validating their effectiveness in climate-adaptive design.

Genealogía de doña Francisca de Guzmán, Xochimilco, 1610

Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco — 2013 — WHEDAAC8EB443

A rare 17th-century genealogy document traces the lineage of Doña Francisca de Guzmán, a noblewoman from Xochimilco, back to the reigning family of Tenochtitlan in the 14th century. This primary source, published by anthropologist Luis Reyes, offers unprecedented insights into the continuity of indigenous nobility during the transition from the Aztec Empire to Spanish colonial rule. By analyzing the document's historical and linguistic details, Reyes reconstructs a lost segment of pre-Hispanic and early colonial social history, bridging the gap between indigenous governance and post-conquest records.

Generalized additive mixed models for disentangling long‐term trends, local anomalies, and seasonality in fruit tree phenology

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2013 — WHEC61BA1C0D8

A significant increase in fruit presence was observed in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda, during 2009-2010, driven by heightened productivity across most species. This finding highlights the park's dynamic fruiting patterns, characterized by both regular seasonality—peaking at the end of one dry season—and notable interannual variability. Researchers employed generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to disentangle these trends from empirical data, demonstrating the method's accuracy in identifying nonlinearity and seasonality through simulation experiments. The study provides a statistical framework for assessing the impacts of abiotic factors, including climate change, on fruiting phenology, with implications for understanding frugivore population biology in BINP.

Genetic and Morphological Differences among Populations of the Japanese Bush-Warbler (Aves: Sylviidae) on the Ogasawara Islands, Northern Pacific

Ogasawara Islands — 2013 — WHEAE904D69D3

Research on the Japanese Bush-warbler (Cettia diphone) reveals distinct genetic and morphological differences among its populations across the Ogasawara Islands, including Bonin and Volcano Island groups. The study found no shared mitochondrial DNA haplotypes between native subspecies C. d. diphone and C. d. cantans, with high discrimination rates (>75%) confirmed via canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) using five morphological measurements. Notably, the Volcano population, confined to a single island, is identified as a conservation priority due to its limited distribution. Additionally, unidentified subspecies observed on Mukojima Island since 2007 were determined to be non-native, potentially migratory birds exploiting improved habitat conditions. Continuous monitoring of these populations and their ecological impact is recommended.

Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. within a Remote Population of Soay Sheep on St. Kilda Islands, Scotland

St Kilda — 2013 — WHE6DA4E88F85

A study of Soay sheep on the remote St. Kilda Islands, Scotland, reveals a higher diversity of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes than previously expected, including C. hominis, C. parvum, C. xiaoi, and C. ubiquitum. The research analyzed 255 samples collected during two distinct periods: before and after a population crash. Using nested-PCR-RFLP/PCR sequencing and GP60 gene analysis, the study identified multiple Cryptosporidium species coexisting in single infections, with C. parvum detected alongside other species in 27.1% of samples. This finding challenges prior assumptions about parasite diversity in isolated populations and provides insights into cryptosporidiosis dynamics.