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Genetic variation in the emblematic Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) from Huascarán National Park, Peru

Huascarán National Park — 2013 — WHEDA60352762

A study on the emblematic Puya raimondii, a giant Andean bromeliad found in Huascarán National Park, Peru, reveals significant genetic differentiation among its populations despite long-distance dispersal. Researchers analyzed 60 individuals using AFLP profiles with four selective primer combinations, detecting 172 bands, of which 79.1% were polymorphic loci. The findings suggest that gene flow occurs between populations located in different mountain systems, indicating long-distance dispersal capabilities. This insight is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies to preserve the genetic diversity of this iconic species, emphasizing the need to account for exchange between geographically distant populations.

Geochronology (Ar/Ar and K–Ar) of the South Atlantic post-break-up magmatism

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves — 2013 — WHE471079C4D0

New geochronological data reveal an asymmetrical magmatic evolution between the African and Brazilian margins during the South Atlantic Ocean opening. While both sides experienced significant post-break-up magmatism, the Brazilian margin shows a higher concentration of pre- and post-break-up volcanic activity, likely due to dynamic shifts in spreading centers and mantle plume activity. The study integrates existing geological data with Ar/Ar and K–Ar dating techniques, highlighting key magmatic events such as the Cabo Granite (104 Ma) in NE Brazil, the SE Brazilian alkaline trend (87–64 Ma), and volcanic islands like Fernando de Noronha (12–1.5 Ma). These findings provide critical insights into the tectonic processes shaping the South Atlantic margins.

Geological And Morphological Evolution of The Socotra Archipelago (Yemen) from the Biogeographical View

Socotra Archipelago — 2013 — WHEC2813D08CD

The Socotra Archipelago's geological and morphological evolution has significantly influenced its biogeographical development. Research indicates that the last substantial uplift of the Haggier Mountains on Socotra occurred at the end of the Miocene Epoch (9-6 Ma BP), potentially enabling species migration across narrowed channels. This uplift, combined with periodic sea level changes during the Quaternary Period, exposed parts of the Socotra platform, facilitating biota dispersal. However, persistent channels in the Brothers basin acted as barriers, preventing modern species invasion and contributing to the archipelago's unique biota differences. The study integrates geological data from the Gulf of Aden to reconstruct terrestrial migration pathways, providing insights into the archipelago's isolation and its implications for biodiversity.

Geological map of the External Ligurian Units in western Monferrato (Tertiary Piedmont Basin, NW Italy)

Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato — 2013 — WHE1D3E37F1B4

A detailed geological map of the External Ligurian Units in western Monferrato, Italy, reveals a complex tectono-stratigraphic setting shaped by four distinct tectonic stages. Contrary to previous descriptions of these units as an undifferentiated chaotic complex, this 1:10,000-scale map identifies a Late Cretaceous succession comprising the Argille varicolori and the overlying Monte Cassio Flysch, sealed by late Eocene deposits from the Tertiary Piedmont Basin. Crosscutting relationships between stratigraphic unconformities and faults highlight significant geological processes, including layer-parallel extension during the Late Cretaceous–early Eocene, drowning of shelf sediments controlled by NW-striking left-lateral transtensive faulting in the Oligocene, and gravitational emplacement of late Oligocene breccias. The study also identifies NW-striking right-lateral transpressive faults that cut through earlier structures, sealed by a Tortonian unconformity.

Geophysical and Geochemical Survey on the Nazca Lines

Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa — 2013 — WHE5074810151

A geophysical and geochemical survey on the Nazca Lines, part of UNESCO's World Heritage Site, revealed subsurface channel structures with lower resistivity at a depth of 3.5 meters, distinct from surface gullies. These findings suggest higher water content in these channels, providing new insights into the weathering processes affecting the desert soils beneath the geoglyphs. The study combined resistivity and ground-penetrating radar (georadar) surveys, demonstrating that while georadar offers faster data acquisition, resistivity methods proved effective despite dry surface conditions. This interdisciplinary approach, involving Peruvian and German researchers, aims to deepen the understanding of physical and chemical processes around the Nazca Lines, crucial for their durable conservation.

Giant Tortoise Distribution and Abundance in the Seychelles Islands: Past, Present, and Future

Aldabra Atoll — 2013 — WHEB2CBC7400E

Giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys or Dipsochelys) in the Seychelles Islands are critically threatened by climate change, with projections indicating severe population declines due to sea-level rise and coastal erosion over the next century. The study reveals that only 9 granitic islands currently support wild tortoise populations, totaling around 500–550 adults, while coralline islands, particularly Aldabra Atoll, host over 100,000 individuals—nearly all of them. The research provides the first census of the Frégate Island population and assesses the historical distribution and status of wild tortoises across Seychelles, identifying Ile aux Cerfs as a potential mixed indigenous-imported population. To mitigate projected losses, the study recommends expanding reintroduction programs to high granitic islands, aiming to restore ecosystem function and offset declines. The findings underscore the urgent need for conservation action to prevent further population loss and align with the IUCN Red List's Vulnerable status designation.

Giardia in Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla Beringei Beringei), Forest Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer), and Domestic Cattle in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda

Virunga National Park — 2013 — WHEB812F17841

A study in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, identified Giardia prevalence in mountain gorillas (9%), forest buffalo (2%), and domestic cattle (6%), with the first report of Giardia in forest buffalo. Molecular analysis revealed zoonotic genotype assemblage B in gorillas and assemblage E in cattle, suggesting potential human-gorilla transmission pathways. Spatial clustering of positive samples indicated localized hotspots for pathogen presence. While no evidence of transmission between forest buffalo and gorillas was found, the study underscores the need to further evaluate human roles in pathogen dynamics within this UNESCO-listed ecosystem.

Glacier characteristics and changes in the Sary-Jaz River Basin (Central Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan) – 1990–2010

Western Tien-Shan — 2013 — WHE9839E24DB7

Between 1990 and 2010, glaciers in the Sary-Jaz River Basin of Kyrgyzstan's Central Tien Shan shrank by only 3.7 ± 2.7%, a significantly lower rate than elsewhere in the Tien Shan range. This basin, which covers 18% of the region and feeds the arid Tarim Basin in China, lost approximately 77.1 ± 57.1 km² of glacial area during this period. Debris-covered glaciers retreated less than clean-ice ones, and a few exhibited surge-like advancements. Climate data from a nearby weather station showed no significant long-term trends. The study used Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite imagery to analyze changes in 1310 glaciers (>0.1 km²) across the basin.

Gli ornamenti su conchiglia della necropoli di Anghelu Ruju (Alghero, SS): aspetti tipologici e tecnologici

Funerary Tradition in the Prehistory of Sardinia – The domus de janas — 2013 — WHECDA17E73A9

A study of the Domus de Janas necropolis at Anghelu Ruju, Sardinia, reveals that seashell ornaments—ranging from simple holed shells to elaborate beads, bracelets, and pendants—were prominent grave goods during the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age. The research classifies these artifacts based on anthropic modifications and integrates morphological, morphometric, and technological analyses to identify potential chronological and geographical patterns in their use across Sardinia. This approach sheds light on the significance of seashell ornaments as prestige items during this period.

Gliwiczia gen. nov. a new monoraphid diatom genus from Lake Baikal with a description of four species new for science

Lake Baikal — 2013 — WHE23453BC8A7

Scientists have discovered four new species of monoraphid diatoms belonging to the genus Gliwiczia from Lake Baikal, distinct from previously described genera due to unique morphological features such as a cavum (horseshoe) structure on both raphe and sternum valves, uniseriate striae, and open circular areola occlusions. The study also reclassifies Achnanthes calcar under the new genus. Researchers used light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze type material and Lake Baikal samples, revealing that these species may be endemic to the region. This finding highlights the biodiversity of UNESCO World Heritage Site Lake Baikal and its significance for taxonomic studies.

Global objects: contention and entanglement

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) — 2013 — WHE0373F91C80

Global objects serve as powerful symbols of cultural entanglement, reflecting complex historical narratives and debates on globalization. The study examines the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) in Mumbai through a hybrid architectural lens, revealing its role as a site of contention and global significance. By analyzing objects—such as a Japanese suit of armor in the Tower of London and the design of this iconic structure—the research highlights how material culture shapes discourses on identity, power, and globalization. The approach combines historical analysis with critical examination of architecture and consumer goods, illustrating their multifaceted meanings in both local and global contexts.

Global Values for Local Resources a Contingent Valuation Approach for SinhaInta Rain Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka

Sinharaja Forest Reserve — 2013 — WHEDC0A4F357A

A study reveals that remote populations hold significant non-use values for tropical rain forests, demonstrated through the Sinharaja Rain Forest Reserve in Sri Lanka. The research used a contingent valuation survey conducted in the United Kingdom to estimate existence and bequest values, showing that higher income and education levels positively correlated with these values. Multiple regression analysis highlighted the global externalities of tropical forests, which are often underrepresented in markets. This approach provides insights into correcting global economic failures by quantifying the broader benefits of preserving such ecosystems.

Globalization pressure and habitat change: Pacific rocky shore crabs invade armored shorelines in the Atlantic Wadden Sea

Wadden Sea — 2013 — WHEF8481D95CC

Two invasive crab species from the Northwest Pacific, Hemigrapsus sanguineus and H. takanoi, have rapidly established themselves along armored shorelines of the Atlantic Wadden Sea, reaching densities exceeding 100 crabs per square meter within just 2-3 years. These invaders exhibit distinct microhabitat preferences, with H. sanguineus dominating exposed shores while H. takanoi thrives in sheltered areas and on mussel/oyster beds. A field experiment revealed that H. sanguineus displaces juvenile native shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) from boulder substrates, though this effect is largely confined to armored shorelines, with minimal impact on large C. maenas populations in soft-bottom habitats of the North Sea. This study highlights the rapid ecological disruption caused by invasive species and their selective pressure on native fauna, particularly in human-altered coastal environments.

Globin-intron Sequences Imply Molecular Relationships Between the Galapagos Giant Tortoise and the Aldabra Giant Tortoise

Aldabra Atoll — 2013 — WHE266268FDCA

A novel molecular analysis of globin-intron sequences from the Galapagos giant tortoise (Geochelone nigra), Aldabra giant tortoise (G. gigantea), and Chaco tortoise (G. chilensis) supports their divergence approximately 15-21 million years ago, aligning with prior cDNA-based estimates. However, intron nucleotide sequences reveal unresolved ancestral relationships among the three species due to shared genetic traits, including an abnormal GC dinucleotide at a splicing site in αD globins—a feature common across all Geochelone tortoises—and a unique repeated sequence (5'-GCCCCGCGCCCCGC-3') exclusive to G. nigra's A globin gene, distinguishing it from its relatives.

Gluconacetobacter tumulisoli sp. nov., Gluconacetobacter takamatsuzukensis sp. nov. and Gluconacetobacter aggeris sp. nov., isolated from Takamatsuzuka Tumulus samples before and during the dismantling work in 2007

Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara — 2013 — WHEA1B1EAC7F8

Researchers have identified three novel species of bacteria, Gluconacetobacter tumulisoli, Gluconacetobacter takamatsuzukensis, and Gluconacetobacter aggeris, isolated from soil samples collected before and during the dismantling work on the Takamatsuzuka Tumulus in Japan's Asuka village. These discoveries were made using a polyphasic approach that included 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization tests, and characterization of their biochemical properties. The new species are distinct from known Gluconacetobacter strains, with Q-10 as the major ubiquinone system and C18:1ω7c as the predominant fatty acid. This study contributes to the understanding of microbial diversity in archaeological sites, particularly in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Ancient Capitals of Asuka and Fujiwara.

God's Fields: Landscape, Religion, and Race in Moravian Wachovia

Moravian Church Settlements — 2013 — WHEC3A7A77312

Historical archaeologist Leland Ferguson's study reveals the unspoken history of racism within the Moravian community of Wachovia, North Carolina, from the 18th century to the present. Initially welcoming African Americans as equals, the Moravians later segregated them due to external pressures and economic interests, leading to lasting racial divisions. Ferguson's cross-analysis of Salem's God's Acre and the Stranger's God's Acre/African American burial ground, combined with historical records, uncovered the shift towards separate cemeteries for whites and blacks by 1859. This research highlights the symbolic landscape segregation and the community's ongoing journey towards racial reconciliation, culminating in the St. Philips congregation's reintegration into the Salem Congregation in 2010.

Grazing ecology, parasitism and performance of Soay sheep on St. Kilda

St Kilda — 2013 — WHE73DAF0CAD4

Soay sheep on St. Kilda exhibit complex interactions between diet quality, gastrointestinal parasite burden, and weather conditions that significantly influence their performance and population dynamics. Research reveals that maternal condition, forage quality during gestation, and population density play critical roles in offspring survival and birth weight, highlighting the importance of environmental and competitive factors in large herbivore systems. No evidence of parasite-induced changes in foraging behavior was found, but mean intake rates aligned with those of other Scottish sheep breeds. The study underscores the need for careful consideration of spatial scale in ecological analyses to accurately assess distribution and selectivity patterns.

Great Gray Owls (Strix nebulosa) in Yosemite National Park: On the Importance of Food, Forest Structure, and Human Disturbance

Yosemite National Park — 2013 — WHEF5E5A09C69

Great gray owls (Strix nebulosa) in Yosemite National Park exhibit strong habitat preferences for mid-elevation red fir forests with adjacent meadows, which support higher small mammal populations critical to their diet. However, these preferred habitats also experience the highest levels of human recreational activity, which negatively impacts owl distribution and habitat use. The study highlights a conservation paradox: while owls thrive in areas with abundant prey and suitable forest structure, human disturbance—such as recreation—adversely affects their presence. Researchers analyzed variables including prey abundance, snag availability, and indicators of human activity to assess their influence on owl occurrence. This work provides critical insights for land managers, emphasizing the need to balance natural resource conservation with recreational use to ensure the long-term survival of this endangered species.

Green governmentality and swidden decline on Palawan Island

Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park — 2013 — WHE10A30DDA1B

Environmental governance initiatives on Palawan Island, Philippines, are reshaping local swidden farming practices through a process termed 'green governmentality.' This study reveals how technical knowledge and sustainability narratives, deployed by diverse institutions, influence Tagbanua farmers to shift from long fallow cultivation to permanent agriculture. While governmental discourse is flexibly interpreted, it systematically reinforces swidden decline, increasing livelihood risks and marginalization. The research combines case studies with spatial analysis to demonstrate the convergence of global governance agendas with local political economies, highlighting unintended social and environmental consequences.

Greggi e mandrie fra termalismo e profezia

Archaeological Site of Delphi — 2013 — WHEADDE4D6A4F

Archaeological evidence from Roman-era thermal sites in Italy suggests that animal ex-votos, often found among offerings at healing stations, may have been used as expressions of thanks for the recovery of livestock. This hypothesis is supported by a combination of archaeological and epigraphic data, post-ancient historical accounts, legends, pseudoetymology, and insights into transhumance practices. The study contextualizes these objects within the broader framework of worship, drawing parallels with the documentation from Apollo's shrine at Delphi. By integrating multiple lines of evidence, the research sheds light on the cultural significance of animal ex-votos in ancient healing rituals.