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Costless Platform for High Resolution Stereoscopic Images of a High Gothic Facade

Amiens Cathedral — 2012 — WHE288A1230CF

A cost-effective, high-resolution imaging platform was successfully developed to capture stereoscopic images of Amiens Cathedral's intricate Gothic facade. The approach combined ground-level shots with a long-focal camera and elevated gallery images taken from a 2.5-meter pole-mounted wide-angle camera, avoiding the need for expensive equipment like lift trucks. This method enabled the creation of detailed 3D point clouds on specific facade sections, including the rose window. If proven effective, this technique could be expanded to cover the entire facade in future phases, offering a scalable solution for documenting complex heritage structures with precision and minimal cost.

Cover Photograph and Front Matter: the City of Dubrovnik Along the Croatian Coast

Old City of Dubrovnik — 2012 — WHE4BEB75F8E9

Dubrovnik's reflective beach, nestled between rocky headlands on the Dalmatian Coast, reveals distinct coastal dynamics shaped by storm berms and karst geology. The seaward beach cusps, marked by coarser grains like pebbles and cobbles, stand out more distinctly than landward ones, which are older and disrupted by tourism. A steep scarp on the winter berm indicates active erosion, contrasting with a gentler summer profile. Dubrovnik's unique coastal morphology, including its 2 km-long defensive walls, highlights the interplay between human history and natural processes along this predominantly rocky, karst-dominated shoreline.

Crayfish plague pathogen detected in the Danube Delta – a potential threat to freshwater biodiversity in southeastern Europe

Danube Delta — 2012 — WHE96E9A5BD40

Researchers have detected the crayfish plague pathogen, Aphanomyces astaci, in the highly protected Danube Delta, posing a significant threat to native freshwater biodiversity. Using sensitive real-time PCR testing, 13 out of 40 native narrowclawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) tested positive for the pathogen, indicating its widespread presence in the region. The study suggests that A. astaci may have persisted locally or spread via long-range dispersal, potentially jeopardizing European crayfish populations and freshwater ecosystems across southeastern Europe, previously considered plague-free. This discovery highlights the urgent need for conservation measures to mitigate the impact of invasive species and pathogens on vulnerable aquatic environments.

Critical Factors and Consumption Patterns of Pergamon Museum's Visitors (Berlin, Germany)

Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape — 2012 — WHEF021000957

Cultural tourists visiting the Pergamon Museum in Berlin are predominantly well-educated individuals with high-status occupations and strong environmental concerns, though their level of cultural motivation varies significantly. This study, based on a survey of 200 visitors, challenges the assumption that all museum-goers are culturally motivated, highlighting diverse consumption patterns among Berlin's cultural tourists. The research contributes to understanding the evolving relationship between tourism and museums in European cities, where traditional and contemporary cultural attractions coexist.

Crossing the mountains : negotiating the relationship between the Department of Conservation and Maori in Tongariro National Park, Aotearoa, New Zealand

Tongariro National Park — 2012 — WHE768420A586

A historical analysis of the relationship between the New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC) and local Māori groups during a Waitangi Tribunal inquiry into Tongariro National Park reveals that differing expectations rooted in colonial-era legislation and public attitudes hinder effective collaboration, despite periods of goodwill and strong personal relationships. The study highlights how adversarial tribunal processes can disrupt long-standing partnerships, potentially undermining the goals of Treaty settlements aimed at fostering ongoing Māori-Crown relations. It identifies key strengths—such as mutual respect, longevity of relationships, and political acumen among Māori leaders—as critical to mitigating these challenges.

Cruise Passengers in a Homeport: A Market Analysis

Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena — 2012 — WHE5E2AC07757

A market analysis of cruise passengers in Cartagena, Colombia, reveals six distinct segments characterized by nationality, satisfaction levels, safety perceptions, and spending habits. The study, based on 1,361 survey responses collected in the third quarter of 2009, used multivariate techniques including correspondence analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and decision tree modeling to identify these groups. Key findings suggest that enhancing perceived safety could encourage repeat visits, while targeted marketing strategies may attract young South American tourists. Extending inland visiting times is also recommended to maximize local economic benefits.

Cruise Passengers' Expenditure in the Caribbean Port of Call of Cartagena de Indias: A Cross-Section Data Analysis

Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena — 2012 — WHE40B2854C71

Cruise tourism significantly boosts Cartagena de Indias' economy, with heavy spenders—distinguished by age, nationality, income, and spending habits—driving higher expenditures. A cross-sectional regression analysis revealed distinct tourist profiles, where those who disembarked for longer durations or came from high-income countries spent more. This study highlights the economic impact of cruise tourism, emphasizing the role of passenger behavior in shaping local revenue. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and tourism stakeholders aiming to optimize economic benefits from this growing industry.

Cruise passengers' satisfaction: Cartagena de Indias

Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena — 2012 — WHE720AEE7EBA

Cruise passengers visiting Cartagena de Indias report high overall satisfaction with their onshore experiences, but significant concerns persist regarding city infrastructure—particularly traffic, noise, cleanliness, and street vendors—as well as the general shopping experience. Tourists from the USA exhibit higher expectations for full satisfaction compared to other groups. Despite these challenges, over 52% of participants expressed intent to return as land tourists, while more than 60% would recommend the destination to friends, indicating strong potential for tourism growth. The study employed a questionnaire survey of 1,361 passengers from 28 cruise ships in October and November 2009, followed by factor and cluster analysis. Future research should explore seasonal variations to further assess these findings.

Cruise passengers’ satisfaction in the Caribbean port of call of Cartagena de Indias: A cross-section data analysis

Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena — 2012 — WHE6ACA76D5BA

Cruise passengers disembarking in Cartagena de Indias exhibit distinct spending behaviors linked to demographic and economic factors. Heavy spenders, characterized by higher income levels, longer shore excursions, and specific nationalities, significantly contribute to the local economy compared to other tourist segments. The study employs cross-sectional regression models to analyze expenditure patterns, revealing that age, nationality, and spending habits are key differentiators among cruise passengers. This research highlights the economic importance of Cartagena as a major Caribbean cruise port call, providing insights into how different tourist profiles influence regional tourism revenue.

Cultivating our cities

Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento — 2012 — WHE8E53AC8B2E

Urban green spaces, including native trees and medicinal herb species, significantly enhance the quality of life for city dwellers while serving as vital resources for low-income communities. These plants, found in gardens, balconies, vacant lots, and markets, provide alternative medicine for mild to chronic diseases and contribute to urban resilience through traditional healing practices and ethno-botanical knowledge. A decade-long comparative study across eight Latin American cities—Lima (Peru), Santiago (Chile), Río Cuarto (Argentina), Colonia del Sacramento (Uruguay), Belén and São Luis (Brazil), Havana (Cuba), San José (Costa Rica), and Mexico City (Mexico)—revealed that cultivated front and backyards act as paradoxes of globalization, fostering sustainable urban development. This research underscores the importance of preserving such practices for future generations.

Cultural heritage and civil engineering

Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape — 2012 — WHE4B394B7127

Advanced remote sensing techniques, including differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and persistent scatterer interferometry (PSInSAR), have proven highly effective for monitoring structural deformation in cultural heritage sites. These methods, when integrated with novel data processing approaches, overcome limitations of single diagnostic techniques, enabling precise tracking of displacements in archaeological monuments like Rome's Roman Forum and Nero's Golden House. Additionally, non-conventional tools such as ground-based interferometric radar and high-frequency infrared cameras offer new insights into the dynamic behavior of structures, while innovative optic fiber sensors provide distributed monitoring of strain and temperature over long ranges. The study also highlights the potential of hypersiliceous rock characterization for tracing raw material origins, aiding in archaeological research on migration patterns.

Cultural landscape preservation in United States national parks

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2012 — WHEC1B1C7684F

This study identifies key differences and similarities between the National Park Service (NPS) and UNESCO criteria for designating cultural landscapes, with a focus on five U.S. national parks, including Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. It evaluates how these parks meet the characteristics of cultural landscapes under both frameworks, analyzing their preservation strategies, visitation patterns, and infrastructure. The research highlights that while some U.S. parks are currently listed as natural sites, they have potential to be re-designated as cultural landscapes due to their significant human-natural interactions. Recommendations are provided for enhancing protection through UNESCO World Heritage Listing, emphasizing the benefits of global recognition for long-term preservation efforts.

Cultural landscapes: challenges and possibilities: Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago, Norway

Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago — 2012 — WHEE90BFF23C1

The Vega Archipelago, inscribed as Norway's first cultural landscape on the World Heritage List in 2004, exemplifies a unique and resilient way of life adapted to an exposed Arctic seascape. This study highlights the challenges and opportunities inherent in preserving such landscapes, which consist of low, treeless islands centered around the more mountainous Vega island. The research approach involves analyzing the interplay between the archipelago's natural environment and human development, emphasizing its distinctive cultural significance. By examining the frugal yet adaptive practices of its inhabitants, the study underscores the importance of balancing conservation efforts with sustainable use to safeguard this fragile ecosystem for future generations.

Cupromolybdite, Cu3O(MoO4)2, a new fumarolic mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia

Volcanoes of Kamchatka — 2012 — WHE196774A104

Researchers have discovered cupromolybdite, a new fumarolic mineral, at the Tolbachik volcano on Kamchatka's Peninsula. This honey-yellow to brown mineral, characterized by its adamantine lustre and brittle nature, forms prismatic or acicular crystals often found in radiating aggregates. Cupromolybdite's chemical composition, Cu₃O(MoO₄)₂, was determined through electron microprobe analysis, revealing a unique structure with strings of corner-shared Cu(1)O₆ octahedra. The mineral is associated with various other fumarolic minerals and serves as a natural analogue to the synthetic compound Cu₃Mo₂O₉, while also being an S-free counterpart to vergasovaite. Its orthorhombic crystal structure was solved using single-crystal data, providing insights into its atomic arrangement.

Curonian Spit Biodiversity Plots

Curonian Spit — 2012 — WHE7183EF9DE0

A comprehensive database of biodiversity plots, established in 2001, reveals the species richness and composition of vascular plants, bryophytes, and lichens across 14 distinct vegetation types within the Curonian Spit National Park. The database, developed collaboratively by Kiel University and the University of Kaliningrad, features 130 nested plot series ranging from 0.0001m to 900m in size, providing detailed geobotanical relevés for larger plots. This resource enables in-depth analysis of plant community dynamics, contributing significantly to the understanding of biodiversity patterns in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Current status of terrestrial mammals on Jeju Island

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes — 2012 — WHE455624774A

Jeju Island, Korea's largest volcanic island, hosts 28 species of terrestrial mammals, including one endemic species and three subspecies unique to the region. The study highlights the presence of one endangered species and four invasive alien mammal species, providing a comprehensive overview of their current status, historical context, management challenges, and conservation needs. By synthesizing existing data, the research offers critical insights into the biodiversity and ecological dynamics of Jeju's volcanic habitats, emphasizing the importance of targeted conservation strategies to protect its unique mammalian fauna.

Curzon nostalgia: landscaping historical monuments in India

Humayun's Tomb, Delhi — 2012 — WHE32638A0E85

British colonial landscaping, particularly under Lord Curzon's tenure as Viceroy of India (1899–1905), significantly altered the visual and ecological character of historical monuments like Humayun's Tomb. Curzon's restoration efforts, though aimed at preserving heritage, often departed from Mughal garden traditions by removing fruit trees and overgrown vegetation to enhance sightlines, a departure that some argue distorted original ambience. The study reveals how colonial interventions—rooted in nostalgia for 'orderly wilderness'—reshaped India's monumental landscapes, prioritizing aesthetic uniformity over historical authenticity. Research draws on archival documents, including Curzon's correspondence and restoration reports, alongside scholarly analyses of Mughal garden design to contrast pre-colonial and post-colonial landscaping practices.

Cyanobacterial construction of hot spring siliceous stromatolites in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park — 2012 — WHE53C64A45A5

Living stromatolites in Yellowstone National Park's hot springs, composed of silica-encrusted cyanobacterial mats, exhibit distinct microbial community structures based on water level exposure. Submerged mats are dominated by a novel cyanobacterial phylotype not classified within known subphylum groups, while exposed mats harbor heterocystous phylotypes (Chlorogloeopsis HTF and Fischerella). Molecular analysis revealed that these heterocystous types likely emerge during low water levels, possibly due to environmental pressures like sulfide exposure or oxygen tension. The finely laminated texture of these stromatolites may better resemble ancient forms than coarsely laminated marine examples, offering insights into early Earth microbial ecosystems.

Dahshur villages in community development: Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur, Egypt

Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur — 2012 — WHEED1CAD759E

A collaborative program targeting Dahshur villages, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur,' has successfully demonstrated that community-driven development can improve living conditions while promoting greater ownership of the area. Despite significant population growth and high unemployment in Dahshur, the initiative also capitalized on increasing tourist visits. The approach focused on integrating local communities into the preservation and development efforts, aiming to address socio-economic challenges while enhancing the cultural and historical significance of the region.

Dairy Queens: The Politics of Pastoral Architecture from Catherine de Medici to Marie-Antoinette (review)

Palace and Park of Fontainebleau — 2012 — WHE1EDA80E34C

Pleasure dairies, initially perceived as frivolous, were strategically used by French queens from Catherine de Medici to Marie-Antoinette to legitimize female rule and project an image of Arcadian peace and prosperity. Meredith Martin's study reveals that these pastoral structures served as a complex matrix of ideologies, merging old and new forms of aristocratic self-representation while emphasizing themes of fecundity and maternal care. By analyzing architectural, archival, literary, and visual sources, Martin demonstrates how pleasure dairies (laiteries) evolved from functional spaces to symbols of political agency and courtly refinement, notably at Fontainebleau's Mi-voie and Versailles' Menagerie. The research also explores the dairy's association with neo-Hippocratic medical practices, as seen in Madame de Pompadour's use of her dairies to counter claims about her influence over Louis XV.