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Showing 29161 – 29180 of 30315 publications

The Impact of Neoliberal Policies on Historic Urban Space: Areas of Urban Renewal in Istanbul

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2011 — WHE11912A19EB

Neoliberal urban renewal policies in Istanbul have significantly altered historic urban spaces, prioritizing private capital accumulation over the preservation of cultural heritage and local livelihoods. The 2005 Law on Renewal, which designates areas for redevelopment, has been implemented through four case studies—Sulukule, Tarlabasi, Suleymaniye, and Fener-Balat—revealing how municipalities leverage this framework to dismantle historic housing as 'common public assets.' This shift undermines both local economies and the cultural capital of communities, challenging traditional notions of urban space ownership. The study critically analyzes these processes, highlighting the tension between state-authorized redevelopment and the preservation of Istanbul's historic identity.

The impact on native herpetofauna due to traffic collision at the interface between a suburban area and the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area: an ecological disaster?

Greater Blue Mountains Area — 2011 — WHEBC600BB8C9

A seven-year survey of suburban streets in Faulconbridge, at the interface between urban areas and the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, revealed significant herpetofauna mortality due to vehicle collisions. Over 86 reptiles representing 20 species—38% of local lizards and 56% of snakes—and six frog species (33% of local frogs) were documented as road kills, highlighting a substantial ecological impact on native fauna. The study, conducted from 2003 to 2010, involved weekly foot surveys along 1.4 km of suburban roads, typically soon after dawn. With 26 towns within the World Heritage Area and extensive road networks interfacing with national parks, the findings underscore the broader threat to biodiversity in such ecologically sensitive zones.

The impacts of tourism at a UNESCO heritage site in China – a need for a meta-narrative? The case of the Kaiping Diaolou

Kaiping Diaolou and Villages — 2011 — WHE87AE02AFFB

Tourism at the Kaiping Diaolou, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in China, presents a unique model for sustainable development that balances economic growth with cultural preservation and agricultural continuity. Unlike other rural Chinese heritage sites, Kaiping demonstrates how tourism can foster entrepreneurial activities while maintaining traditional farming practices, creating a 'new tourism rich' class that employs others to sustain agriculture. This study, based on interviews and surveys, highlights differences in tourism impacts compared to similar sites like Hungcun and Bao Village, emphasizing the potential for glocalization as a response to globalization. It also contrasts Western and Chinese perspectives on heritage tourism, cultural change, and commodification, offering insights into holistic approaches for sustainable tourism development.

The Impacts of Tourism Development on the Archaeological Site of Petra and Local Communities in Surrounding Villages

Petra — 2011 — WHED4D8E03CB7

Tourism development at Petra, Jordan's UNESCO World Heritage Site, while economically beneficial, has led to significant deterioration of the archaeological site and negative social impacts on local communities. The study highlights damage to site features and the adoption of undesirable values by residents in surrounding villages. It proposes strategies for more sustainable tourism practices to mitigate these effects.

The Importance of Accounting for Atmospheric Effects in the Application of NDVI and Interpretation of Satellite Imagery Supporting Archaeological Research: The Case Studies of Palaepaphos and Nea Paphos Sites in Cyprus

Paphos — 2011 — WHE262ACDAF6A

Atmospheric correction significantly impacts NDVI values derived from satellite imagery, particularly in agricultural seasons, with relative differences reaching up to 50% if atmospheric effects are ignored. This study analyzed eleven Landsat TM/ETM+ images from 2009–2010 over archaeological and agricultural areas in Paphos, Cyprus, applying the modified Darkest Pixel (DP) algorithm for atmospheric correction. Results demonstrated that while absolute NDVI changes were small (0.06), they were statistically significant when assessed via Student’s t-test. The findings underscore the critical role of atmospheric correction in enhancing image interpretation and detecting archaeological crop marks, especially under conditions of minimal water vapor optical thickness. This research highlights a key consideration for multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis in archaeology.

The importance of cloud forest sites in the conservation of endemic and threatened species of the Albertine Rift

Kahuzi-Biega National Park — 2011 — WHEADDCDE2F4B

Cloud forests in the Albertine Rift, including Kahuzi-Biega National Park, are critical for conserving 94% of endemic mammals, 95% of endemic birds, 89% of endemic reptiles, and 69% of endemic amphibians. This study ranked 40 sites in the region based on species richness and threat status, revealing that cloud forests—Rwenzori Massif, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Virunga Volcanoes, Nyungwe National Park, Kahuzi-Biega, and Itombwe Massif—topped the list for endemic and threatened species. While all face severe threats from high human population densities, the unprotected Itombwe Massif emerges as a priority for urgent conservation action.

The influence of atmospheric wave dynamics on interannual variation in the surface temperature of lakes in the English Lake District

The English Lake District — 2011 — WHE75CBD292A4

Surface water temperatures in four lakes of the English Lake District are significantly influenced by tropospheric Rossby wave breaking (RWB), a large-scale atmospheric phenomenon that introduces warm, moist or cool, dry air from distant sources. RWB accounts for 37–52% of interannual temperature variance after accounting for climate change effects, making it a more fundamental driver than the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in controlling lake properties such as ice duration and metabolic rates. The study used statistical models incorporating RWB variability patterns and Northern Hemisphere surface temperature indices to explain 54–69% of seasonal temperature variance. RWB's broader impacts on precipitation, terrestrial, and marine environments are also noted.

The influence of magma plumbing complexity on monogenetic eruptions, Jeju Island, Korea

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes — 2011 — WHE37D3F1F91B

Research on Jeju Island's monogenetic volcanoes reveals that single eruptions can involve multiple distinct magma pulses, which may erupt sequentially or independently. This complexity arises from the island's magma plumbing system—clear systems lead to uninterrupted eruptions with continuous chemical trends in deposits, while congested dyke complexes cause vent shifts and mixed chemical patterns. By analyzing pyroclastic successions and geochemical data, scientists demonstrate that eruptive dynamics and chemical variation are linked, providing new insights into monogenetic volcano behavior.

The influences of climate, habitat and fire on the distribution of cockatoo grass (Alloteropsis semialata) (Poaceae) in the Wet Tropics of northern Australia

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2011 — WHE2D817131CB

Cockatoo grass (Alloteropsis semialata) thrives in the drier regions of the sclerophyll ecotone between open woodland and tall open forest, showing high resilience to fire with increased density and flowering post-burn. This keystone species, crucial for endangered vertebrates like the northern bettong, benefits from reduced litter cover and competition from other grass species due to management practices such as prescribed burning. Regional climate modeling revealed that cockatoo grass prefers drier conditions within this habitat range. The study integrated local-scale field observations with regional environmental data to assess how soil moisture, nutrient levels, and competing plant species influence its distribution and abundance.

The Inhibitory Role Of Natural Conditions In The Use Of Space And Regulation Of Rural Territories In The Region Of Gjirokastra In The Southern Of Albania

Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra — 2011 — WHE693AE84E1B

Natural conditions significantly influence the use of space, production activities, and ways of life in rural areas more than in urban spaces. This study highlights how factors such as terrain, climate, hydrology, land characteristics, flora, fauna, and societal development shape human intervention in the environment. Focusing on Gjirokastra, a region within Albania's mountainous and climatically diverse landscape, the research demonstrates that these natural constraints play a pivotal role in regulating rural territories. The study employs qualitative analysis to explore these relationships, providing insights into how natural elements interact with human activities in Mediterranean rural settings.

The initial phases of the 2008–2009 Mount Etna eruption: A multidisciplinary approach for hazard assessment

Mount Etna — 2011 — WHE0BF5D1B378

A multidisciplinary monitoring approach during the initial phases of Mount Etna's 2008–2009 eruption revealed critical insights into volcanic hazard assessment. The study, led by researchers from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), demonstrated that integrating seismic, ground deformation, and magnetic data—alongside infrared satellite imagery—could accurately predict eruptive mechanisms and assess risks to populated areas. Key findings included the detection of a northward-propagating dike intrusion, characterized by a violent seismic swarm and significant ground deformation, which posed potential threats to downslope communities. The research highlighted the importance of real-time data feedback between monitoring and modeling in supporting civil defense efforts and improving risk evaluation during volcanic crises.

The Integrated Security System of the Vatican City State

Vatican City — 2011 — WHE7CB113B218

A highly integrated, efficient, and reliable security system has been successfully designed and implemented for the Vatican City State. This system addresses critical vulnerabilities by combining advanced technologies to ensure robust state protection. The approach involved a comprehensive analysis of security needs, followed by the development and deployment of an interconnected framework that enhances operational effectiveness and resilience.

The International Court of Justice: Order on the Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures, Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 15 June 1962 in the Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thai.)

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2011 — WHEAB8A7AFFD0

A landmark legal case involving the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Temple of Preah Vihear, reached a significant milestone with the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) Order on Provisional Measures and Interpretation of its 1962 Judgment. The ICJ addressed Cambodia's request for provisional measures to prevent any actions that might aggravate or extend the dispute over the temple's sovereignty between Cambodia and Thailand. This case, rooted in historical claims and border disputes, underscores the role of international law in preserving cultural heritage sites. The ICJ's decision provides a framework for resolving territorial disputes while safeguarding significant archaeological and cultural landmarks.

The Jesuits in Latin America, 1549 – 2000: 450 Years of Inculturation, Defense of Human Rights, and Prophetic Witness

Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) — 2011 — WHED7F73075C1

A comprehensive historical analysis reveals that the Society of Jesus, from its inception in 1549 to the present day, has been characterized by a dual role as both defenders of human rights and social conservatives. The study highlights their significant contributions to education, missionary work, and advocacy for indigenous peoples, particularly through their 30 missions among the Guaraní, which spanned modern-day Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina. These efforts often led to conflicts with colonial authorities, resulting in their expulsion from the Americas in 1767. Upon restoration in 1814, Jesuits resumed their activities, becoming pivotal figures in social and political change during the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly through movements like liberation theology. The research, based on extensive secondary literature, emphasizes the Jesuits' unique sensitivity to other cultures, rooted in Renaissance humanism, while acknowledging their shared prejudices of the time. This work provides a balanced overview of the order's history, offering insights into their influential members and contributions to Latin American society.

The Jesus Chapel or Islip's Chantry at Westminster Abbey

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2011 — WHE9D9BD317EC

A detailed reconstruction of the Jesus Chapel, built by Abbot Islip at Westminster Abbey between 1524–26 and 1530, reveals its form and decoration. The study attributes its design to Henry Redman, a prominent mason for both the king and the abbey, placing it within the broader context of Islip's architectural projects. By analyzing available evidence, researchers provide insights into this significant historical structure, contributing to our understanding of late medieval English architecture.

The Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage site: a review of recent research

Joggins Fossil Cliffs — 2011 — WHE71D0692520

Recent research at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs UNESCO World Heritage Site has significantly advanced understanding of the Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) period, a critical interval for coal formation. The site's exceptional preservation of biota in their environmental context offers unique insights into this era. Post-1950 studies have focused on general geology, paleobiology, and paleoecology, revealing microevolutionary patterns and refining the taxonomy of flora and trace fossils. Despite these advancements, key questions remain, particularly regarding the uppermost formations (Springhill Mines and Ragged Reef), paleosols, and floral ichnofossils. The site continues to be a fertile ground for discovery, with ongoing interest in addressing unresolved issues.

The Lamu District at the Crossroads: A Narrative of Chronic Trauma and Community Resistance1

Lamu Old Town — 2011 — WHEFB68F6B2A0

Chronic trauma rooted in colonialism and ongoing government actions has fueled strong resistance among Lamu District residents to a proposed sea port, with concerns over heritage destruction and land grabs. The study reveals that local opposition is deeply tied to historical displacement, dispossession, and alienation, yet the Kenyan government's reluctance to engage has exacerbated tensions. To address this, the research advocates for confronting these disruptions through reconciliation efforts, highlighting the need for amicable redress in a context marked by prolonged conflict.

The Legacy of Mining: Visual Representations and Narrative Constructions of a Swedish Heritage Tourist Destination

Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun — 2011 — WHE0F4CCEE80F

Hegemonic narratives centered on masculinity and nationalism can hinder the appeal of heritage sites, even when they align with dominant historical perceptions. The study analyzes Falun World Heritage Site's marketing strategies, revealing that visual representations tied to male-dominated stories of Sweden's Great Power Period may not maximize tourism potential or local development. By examining promotional materials and site narratives, researchers demonstrate how such constructions limit the site's broader attractiveness, suggesting a need for more inclusive storytelling in heritage tourism.

The Legend of Tangun’s Grave through Tomb of Clothing and Footwear

Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty — 2011 — WHECF4DC4C12D

This study reveals that the legend of Tangun's grave, rooted in Gangdong and Pyeong-an provinces, was shaped by Confucian scholars' skepticism and the need for empirical proof. The concept of 'tomb of clothing and footwear,' suggesting Tangun's burial site, emerged as a means to resolve disputes over the grave's authenticity. King Sunjong's royal edict further solidified this perception, blending it with the legend of Tangun's tomb. Historical records indicate that Yi Deok-mu's late Joseon-era commentary, while erroneous, predated Baek Ho-seop's 1900 work, which formalized the idea. The study also highlights Seo Hyeong-su's 1786 role in legitimizing Gangdong as Tangun's grave site through memorial services and references to Ryu Hyeong-won's 'Yeoji-ji.' This legend, unique among Tangun tales from Gangdong, underscores the interplay between oral tradition, scholarly debate, and political endorsement.

The lichen genus Graphis (Graphidaceae) in Everglades National Park (Florida)

Everglades National Park — 2011 — WHE365D9499CF

A comprehensive reassessment of the lichen genus Graphis (Graphidaceae) in Everglades National Park reveals 31 species, including three newly described (G. brittoniae, G. elevata, and G. hinnulea) and eleven previously unreported from North America. The study leverages a recent global key by Lücking et al. to identify and document these taxa, providing detailed descriptions, discussions, and photographs for all 32 species (including G. chlorotica, newly recorded outside the Park). A Florida-specific identification key is also included, addressing gaps in regional lichen taxonomy. The findings expand the known diversity of Graphis in North America while refining taxonomic understanding through meticulous analysis of 482 collections.