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Showing 14461 – 14480 of 15962 publications

Managing a contested cultural heritage place on K’gari (Fraser Island), Queensland, Australia

K’gari (Fraser Island) — 2017 — WHEE3059BA328

A study on K’gari (Fraser Island) reveals that intangible Indigenous Knowledge is crucial for assigning cultural significance to contested places like Takky Wooroo. While tangible archaeological evidence is lacking, the research demonstrates that memorialization, association, and the archaeology of absence can link Takky Wooroo to a historically documented massacre event from the 19th century. The study employs a multi-vocal methodology within Indigenous archaeologies, combining oral history from Traditional Owners with archival sources to assess perceptions held by stakeholders. This approach highlights the importance of integrating intangible understandings in heritage management, particularly when material culture alone cannot establish significance.

Marine biodiversity of an Eastern Tropical Pacific oceanic island, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica

Cocos Island National Park — 2017 — WHEF6768F4CAF

Isla del Coco, a remote oceanic island in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and part of Costa Rica's largest national park, hosts one of the highest marine biodiversity concentrations in its region. A comprehensive compilation of published records identifies at least 1688 species, with gastropods, bony fishes, and crustaceans being the most diverse groups. Notably, 45 species (2.7% of the total) are endemic to the island's national park, underscoring its unique ecological significance. Despite this wealth of biodiversity, significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly in poorly studied regions such as the south side, pelagic environments, and deeper waters, as well as groups like flatworms, nematodes, nemerteans, and gelatinous zooplankton. This study synthesizes scattered historical and contemporary data to highlight both the richness and the unexplored potential of Isla del Coco's marine ecosystems.

Maroon History, Music, and Sacred Sounds in the Americas: A Jamaican Case

Blue and John Crow Mountains — 2017 — WHE019B0B37B4

Jamaica's Windward Maroons preserve a rich tradition of music and spirituality, serving as a living archive of Africana heritage. Their sacred sounds, rooted in ancestor veneration, encapsulate oral histories, cultural identity, and spiritual practices, including the reverence for Granny Nanny—a legendary 18th-century leader—whose stronghold, Old Nanny Town, is now part of the UNESCO-listed Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park. This study highlights how Maroon music, such as Kromanti and Kumina, intertwines with their complex history, including sacred oaths and treaties, offering insights into the resilience and continuity of Africana spirituality in the Americas.

Mass coral bleaching due to unprecedented marine heatwave in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)

Papahānaumokuākea — 2017 — WHE649980CA9F

A unprecedented marine heatwave in 2014 triggered the most severe and widespread coral bleaching event recorded in Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), with up to 91% bleaching at shallow habitats of Lisianski Island. This event, characterized by extreme heat stress, differed significantly from previous bleaching events due to variations in heat exposure and potential local acclimatization. Researchers analyzed in situ surveys and satellite data across four islands/atolls to assess the drivers of bleaching patterns, its impact on coral mortality and community structure, and long-term changes in heat stress. The study found that the 2014 event was unprecedented in terms of duration and intensity, with cumulative heat stress reaching around 20°C-weeks, and highlighted a significant increase in exposure to bleaching-level heat stress since 1982, underscoring the escalating threat of climate change to these fragile ecosystems.

Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia

Samarra Archaeological City — 2017 — WHEE375D14EE0

A comprehensive analysis of the medieval urban landscape in northeastern Mesopotamia reveals the existence and dynamics of over fifteen urban sites, spanning from the 6th to the 19th centuries. These settlements, located between the Great Zab, Little Zab, and Tigris rivers, exhibit remarkable preservation due to the arid steppe environment, making them highly identifiable through various types of satellite imagery. The study integrates archaeological data, historical topography, and pottery analysis from surface surveys to provide a holistic understanding of the urban network's diversity, temporal dynamics, and interrelationships within the hinterland of Baghdad and Samarra. This research offers new insights into the complex urban systems that thrived in the Near-Eastern Islamic period.

Memória de Compu - Análise crítica do património chilote

Churches of Chiloé — 2017 — WHE9BE69B9391

A critical analysis of the rural village of Compu on Chiloé Island, Chile, reveals its unique cultural and spatial identity shaped by maritime influences, historical development, and community dynamics. The study highlights the significance of the church as a defining element in both landscape and cultural terms, while also emphasizing the active role of residents in the village's progress. Through fieldwork and social analysis, the research explores Compu's territorial organization, its connection to the sea, and its potential future development, offering insights into the broader context of Chile's coastal heritage.

Mineralogy and chemical compositions of ancient slags from Volubilis archaeological site and Awam ancient mine (Morocco)

Archaeological Site of Volubilis — 2017 — WHE2E6DD15368

Ancient slags from the Roman-period archaeological site of Volubilis and the Awam mine in Morocco reveal evidence of sophisticated pyrometallurgical techniques. Analysis of six slag samples using optical microscopy, XRD, ICP-AES, and XRF identified iron oxi-hydroxide, quartz, pyroxene, and calcite, with bulk chemical compositions suggesting the refining of a homogeneous polymetallic ore, likely similar to that of Awam (rich in lead and silver). The minimal metal content in the slags indicates advanced metallurgical mastery during the 2nd–3rd centuries AD. This study provides insights into Roman-era mining and smelting practices, linking Volubilis to the Awam mine's mineralogical profile.

Misconceptions of “Stupendous Antiquities” : Native American Mounds, Euro-Americans, and Racial Ideas

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2017 — WHE896364843D

A study reveals that the neglect of Indigenous mound sites, such as Cahokia near St. Louis, Illinois, stems from 19th-century Euro-American racial attitudes and misconceptions. Despite Cahokia's grandeur—comparable to London in size by 1200 AD and featuring advanced engineering, urban planning, and astronomical knowledge—the site was not protected until 1964 due to widespread dismissal of Indigenous capabilities. Scholars often attributed these structures to non-Indigenous cultures or aliens, reinforcing stereotypes that Indigenous peoples were incapable of such achievements. This research demonstrates how racial biases led to the degradation and neglect of these sites, highlighting the intersection of antiquities preservation with historical perceptions of race.

Modified human crania from Göbekli Tepe provide evidence for a new form of Neolithic skull cult

Göbekli Tepe — 2017 — WHE4675444F59

Archaeological evidence from Göbekli Tepe, dating back approximately 11,000 years, reveals a previously undocumented form of Neolithic skull cult. Carved and drilled human crania fragments, discovered at the ritual site, suggest sophisticated practices involving skull modification, distinct from known Neolithic traditions. The study, conducted by Gresky et al., employed detailed analysis of these artifacts to uncover their significance within the broader context of Pre-Pottery Neolithic cultures in southeastern Anatolia. This discovery challenges existing narratives about early human rituals and social structures, hinting at complex symbolic behaviors during a pivotal period in human history.

Monitoring ground deformation of cultural heritage sites using UAVs and geodetic techniques: the case study of Choirokoitia, JPI PROTHEGO project

Choirokoitia — 2017 — WHE8C41A6CA13

A novel approach using UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) and geodetic techniques demonstrates significant potential for monitoring ground deformation at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, exemplified by the case study of Choirokoitia. The research highlights that high-resolution data collected via UAVs, combined with precise geodetic measurements, can effectively track subtle changes in terrain, offering a scalable solution for preserving cultural heritage. This method provides a non-invasive alternative to traditional surveying, enabling real-time assessment and long-term monitoring of site integrity. The study underscores the importance of integrating advanced remote sensing technologies into conservation efforts to mitigate risks posed by environmental factors or human activity.

Morphometric characteristics of Yardangs in the Lut Desert, Iran

Lut Desert — 2017 — WHE34AFB945AE

Yardangs in the Lut Desert, Iran, exhibit distinct morphometric characteristics that reveal their evolutionary stages. Research indicates that yardangs in the central and northern regions of the desert have a length-to-width ratio close to 3.5:1, with larger sizes and heights compared to those in the southern region. This suggests further evolution in the southern areas. The study identified 132 yardangs using linear sampling along nine transects on a digital elevation model, analyzing their morphology and development processes influenced by wind and water erosion. Simple regression analysis showed strong correlations between width and length in central and northern areas, highlighting regional variations in yardang formation.

Mountain environment and population in Georgia: case study of Upper Svaneti

Upper Svaneti — 2017 — WHE1C7A98695D

A survey of Upper Svaneti's population in Georgia revealed significant insights into local perceptions and priorities regarding ecological challenges. Residents identified critical environmental issues, often ranking them above socio-economic concerns, demonstrating a strong awareness of ecological problems. The study found varying levels of trust in environmental information sources and limited knowledge about national environmental policies, despite active participation in conservation efforts. These findings underscore the importance of fostering community engagement to enhance decision-making for sustainable development in mountainous regions. The research employed stratified-cluster sampling and statistical analysis using SPSS, providing a robust framework for understanding local ecological perceptions.

Movement as sacred mimesis at Abu Mena and Qal’at Sem’an

Abu Mena — 2017 — WHE795F2FCEA0

Archaeological remains at Abu Mena and Qal’at Sem’an reveal how late antique pilgrimage sites structured the movement of pilgrims, shaping their sensory experiences and the narratives they constructed. The layout of these sites, particularly the narrow passageways and terraces at Abu Mena, guided pilgrims through a prescribed path that enhanced the sacred mimesis—mimicking the journey of Saint Menas himself. This physical navigation facilitated a deeper connection to the cult of Saint Menas, one of Egypt’s most popular late antique religious centers, attracting both local and distant pilgrims drawn to the Holy Land's loca sancta.

Multi‐analytical Studies of Archaeological Chinese Earthen Plasters: The Inner Wall of the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace, Ancient Building Complex, Wudang Mountains, China)

Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains — 2017 — WHE47FB45D95E

A multi-analytical study of the earthen plasters from the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace, Wudang Mountains) reveals sophisticated construction techniques used during the Ming Dynasty. The research identified two distinct earthen plaster layers with a whitewash finish coating, applied over a thin intermediate layer to enhance adhesion. Ramie and straw fibers were incorporated into the plasters to mitigate shrinkage and cracking during drying. The analysis, combining optical and electron microscopy, X-ray and vibrational spectromicroscopies, and thermogravimetry, indicates a well-established construction industry that integrated traditional earthen building materials with advanced lime technology. This finding underscores the ingenuity of ancient Chinese builders in adapting materials and techniques to ensure structural durability.

Musical Cryptography and the Early History of the ‘León Antiphoner’

León Cathedral — 2017 — WHE0391DE3831

A groundbreaking analysis of the León Antiphoner, a 10th-century manuscript containing Old Hispanic chant, reveals that it was commissioned by San Froilán, Bishop of León, between 900 and 905. The study deciphers cryptographic inscriptions on the manuscript, providing definitive evidence for its dating and patronage, which had previously been debated. The research suggests that the manuscript was likely produced in the scriptorium of the monastery of SS Cosmas and Damian in Abellar, offering new insights into the early history of this significant cultural artifact.

Neki suvremeni sociogeografski procesi u povijesnoj jezgri grada Dubrovnika

Old City of Dubrovnik — 2017 — WHEDE5F49A6FA

The historic center of Dubrovnik has undergone significant transformation due to modern socio-economic pressures, particularly driven by tourism. The study reveals that the population of the old city declined drastically from 5,181 to 1,241 between 1953 and 2006, while the number of jobs tripled, creating a stark contrast between seasonal and off-season economic activity. Daily visitor numbers, reaching up to 40,000 in summer months—with 87.7% being tourists—have further exacerbated this shift. The research highlights how Dubrovnik’s historic core has become a cultural tourist product, with cruising tourism intensifying these trends. The study employs sociogeographical analysis to examine these processes, offering insights into the challenges faced by heritage sites in balancing development and preservation.

New Data on Biota of Some Lakes in the Western Part of the Putorana Plateau

Putorana Plateau — 2017 — WHEEA8E7DC113

A recent study on the Putorana Plateau's lakes, including Norilsk Lakes (Lama and Sobach’e) and Kutaramakan Lake, identified two new species: Senecella calanoides in zooplankton and five water mite species in zoobenthos. The research, conducted in 2013–2014, revealed that Lama and Sobach’e lakes share similar zooplankton compositions, differing from Kutaramakan Lake by the presence of specific copepods. A total of 64 benthic invertebrate taxa were found, with Chironomidae dominating. Kutaramakan Lake lacked amphipods, while Cobach’e Lake exhibited higher biomass, classifying it as oligotrophic to α-mesotrophic based on zooplankton and zoobenthos metrics. Lama and Kutaramakan lakes were deemed ultraoligotrophic.

New Lichen Records from the Mountains Kinabalu and Tambuyukon (Kinabalu Park, Malaysian Borneo)

Kinabalu Park — 2017 — WHE88F04F3E94

A significant discovery of 126 new lichen species in the Kinabalu region, including six previously unknown to Sabah and 90 to Malaysia, underscores the rich biodiversity of Kinabalu Park. Among these, 15 are novel to Southeast Asia and another 15 to Asia, highlighting the area's unique ecological significance. The research, conducted by Paukov et al., employed systematic field surveys and taxonomic analysis to document this lichen diversity, contributing valuable data for conservation efforts in one of the world's most biodiverse regions.

New method for measurement of barchans parameters Case study: Lut desert, Iran

Lut Desert — 2017 — WHE9B5E87D278

A novel method for measuring barchan dune parameters, based on geometric relations and Cartesian coordinates, has been developed and proven more precise than previous techniques. This approach enables accurate comparison of dunes across global regions and time periods, while also facilitating the analysis of additional dune parameters. The study, conducted in the Lut Desert, Iran, used total station equipment for field surveys to validate the method's effectiveness.

New species of arboreal rat of the genus Rhipidomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Sangay National Park, Ecuador

Sangay National Park — 2017 — WHE469A473FC8

Researchers have identified a new species of arboreal rat, belonging to the genus Rhipidomys, within Sangay National Park, Ecuador. This discovery was made through a comprehensive analysis combining cranial and external morphology, morphometrics, and phylogenetic studies based on the cytochrome b gene. The new species is distinguished by its relatively small body size (average head–body length 123 mm) and unique cranial features, such as a constricted interorbital region, a barely perceptible postorbital crest in females, and a wide, round braincase. It also exhibits distinctive dental characteristics, including a large and deep hypoflexid on the third molar (m3). This species is currently known only from the southeastern portion of Sangay National Park, suggesting it may be endemic to the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. The study further provides insights into its natural history, reproductive behavior, vocalizations, habitat preferences, and phylogenetic placement.