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Cinematic landscapes, dark tourism and the ghosts of Port Arthur

Australian Convict Sites — 2019 — WHEC5F61008A2

Port Arthur, once a notorious penal settlement, has become a significant heritage site and dark tourism destination in Australia. This study reveals how cinema, particularly through travelogue films from the 1930s to 1950s, shaped its evolution by encouraging visitors to engage with its convict past. These films uniquely promoted Tasmanian tourism while drawing on audiences' prior knowledge of Port Arthur's role in early silent films, reinforcing its image as a site of dark tourism and influencing visitor experiences. The research demonstrates how cinema facilitated confrontations with contentious convict histories, impacting tourism, identity, and place. This finding underscores the power of film in shaping public perceptions of heritage sites.

Circular Economy and Resilience Thinking for Historic Urban Landscape Regeneration: The Case of Torre Annunziata, Naples

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2019 — WHEC6F41906CE

A study on Torre Annunziata, Naples, demonstrates that integrating circular economy principles with resilience thinking can effectively regenerate historic urban landscapes (HUL) while addressing the challenges of abandonment and decay. The research identifies a system of resilience performance indicators to assess the complex nature of HUL, proposing a scenario for circular regeneration that fosters synergies among physical, environmental, social, and economic systems. This approach aligns with Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development goals, offering a holistic framework for sustainable urban development in small-medium European cities.

City of Refuge: Separatists and Utopian Town Planning

Moravian Church Settlements — 2019 — WHE85DCBBDE7D

The concept of 'sacred squareness' emerged as a defining feature of Protestant utopian town planning, tracing its roots from biblical references to influential designs like Albrecht Dürer's 1527 treatise on fortification. This study explores how this tradition shaped separatist communities in Europe and North America, notably through the Moravian Brethren's settlements, which became models for other groups like Johann Georg Rapp's Harmony Society and Robert Owen's New Harmony. The research employs a comparative approach, analyzing architectural plans, illustrations, and historical records to illustrate the evolution of utopian spatial ideals from the 16th to the 19th century. While the 'sacred squareness' concept may not be universally applicable, it offers a compelling lens for understanding Protestant separatist urbanism's distinct contributions to broader trends in European and colonial town planning.

City Profile: Bodhgaya, India

Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya — 2019 — WHE82F520FEA6

Bodhgaya, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the birthplace of Buddhism, stands as a significant spiritual and historical landmark. The site, located on the banks of the Falgu River (historically known as Niranjana), is renowned for its deep religious significance, attracting pilgrims and tourists from across Buddhist countries. Originally a small town, Bodhgaya has evolved into a modern suburban city while preserving its ancient heritage. Key attractions include the Mahabodhi Temple Complex, built by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, where the Buddha attained enlightenment; the Brahmayoni Hill, where the Fire Sermon was delivered; and the Barabar Caves, ancient dwellings of Buddhist monks. The site's historical layers are evident through references in ancient texts like the Rigveda, Ramayana, and Mahabharata, as well as travel accounts by Faxian and Xuanzang, linking it to the Silk Routes. Bodhgaya's spiritual energy is further underscored by its association with multiple religions, including Hinduism, Jainism, and Sufism. The profile highlights its transformation into a global pilgrimage destination while retaining its unique cultural identity, blending modernity with centuries-old traditions.

Classic Rock Tours 2. Exploring a Famous Ophiolite: A Guide to the Bay of Islands Igneous Complex in Gros Morne National Park, Western Newfoundland, Canada

Gros Morne National Park — 2019 — WHE6BE7868E3B

Ophiolites, once misunderstood as parts of vast layered mafic intrusions, are now recognized as crucial remnants of ancient oceanic crust that offer profound insights into global tectonics. Research at the Bay of Islands Igneous Complex in Gros Morne National Park revolutionized understanding of these geological formations by linking them to subduction-influenced environments rather than mid-ocean ridges. This complex, one of the best-preserved and accessible ophiolites globally, provides rare exposures of the Moho (the crust-mantle boundary) and underlying upper mantle rocks, enabling detailed study of oceanic crust formation and continental emplacement mechanisms. The article synthesizes this historical context with four self-guided field excursions, ranging from roadside outcrops to challenging off-trail hikes, allowing visitors to explore classic geological features in a surreal landscape. This work underscores the ongoing significance of ophiolites in unraveling Earth's tectonic history and their role in shaping continental margins.

Classic Rock Tours 3. Grand Canyon Geology, One Hundred and Fifty Years after John Wesley Powell: A Geology Guide for Visiting the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park — 2019 — WHE4C45293255

A comprehensive geology guide for the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, marking the 150th anniversary of John Wesley Powell’s exploration and the 100th anniversary of the park's establishment. It highlights the significance of deep-time perspectives in geology, tracing human history from the Big Bang to modern times, and emphasizes the canyon as an iconic field laboratory for resolving global geoscience debates. The guide offers three structured activities: a brief overview from Lipan Point, a day hike along the Trail of Time with interactive rock samples, and a full-day descent via Bright Angel Trail to Plateau Point, providing immersive learning experiences. It also chronicles the evolution of Grand Canyon geology mapping over 160 years, showcasing advances in stratigraphy, paleontology, and plate tectonics while advocating for future innovations in science literacy and resource sustainability.

Classification of buried soils, cultural, and colluvial deposits in the Viking town Hedeby

Archaeological Border complex of Hedeby and the Danevirke — 2019 — WHE0CCF291167

A novel approach combining fine-scale sampling, multimethod geoarchaeological analysis, and multivariate statistics successfully classified 13 distinct classes of buried soils, cultural, colluvial, fluvial, and fluvioglacial sediments in the Viking town Hedeby. This classification enabled a detailed differentiation between natural and cultural deposits, revealing spatial patterns that suggest waste disposal in the Hedeby-brook valley and metallurgic activities north of it. The study highlights the potential of this method for coring-based research at tightly managed heritage sites and surveys to identify excavation targets, with adaptable variables based on local conditions.

Classification of the Hyrcanian forest vegetation, Northern Iran

Hyrcanian Forests — 2019 — WHE5FB538C977

Researchers have developed the first comprehensive classification of Hyrcanian forest vegetation, identifying 21 associations and seven alliances across Northern Iran. This study, which analyzed 1,597 vegetation plots covering altitudes from -22 to 2,850 meters, revealed that the distribution of these syntaxa is primarily influenced by altitude and mean annual temperature. Notably, this classification scheme links Hyrcanian forests to European temperate forest vegetation, supported by an expert system for automatic plot classification. The findings propose a new syntaxonomic framework, distinguishing between lowland swamp forests, submontane mesic and wet forests, montane beech forests, and upper-montane oak and hornbeam forests.

Classification of The Key Functional Diversity of the Marshes of Southern Iraq Marshes

The Ahwar of Southern Iraq: Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities — 2019 — WHE25D80517CD

Southern Iraq's marshes, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'The Ahwar of Southern Iraq,' exhibit unique functional diversity that distinguishes them globally. This study classifies their key functions and assesses how they vary due to environmental influences, providing a framework for rehabilitation efforts. The research combines ecological analysis with functional diversity metrics to map marshland dynamics, offering critical insights for conservation strategies.

Clay stabilization using flyash and carbide waste and its effect on the value of unconfined compression test (Case Study of National Park Ujung Kulon Road in Pandeglang Regency)

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2019 — WHE75718901FA

A study on clay stabilization in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia, found that mixing fly ash (20%) and carbide waste (20%) significantly increased the unconfined compression strength (UCT) of soil to 5.51 kg/cm² after 28 days of curing, while reducing its plasticity index. This approach enhances road bearing capacity in clay-rich areas prone to damage, offering a sustainable solution using industrial byproducts. The research evaluated various mixtures (0–25% carbide waste and 0 or 20% fly ash) under standard compaction tests, demonstrating that specific combinations improved soil stability effectively.

Climate Change Adaptation and Tourism: Towards Sustainable Tourism development in Kilimanjaro National Park Mountain, Tanzania

Kilimanjaro National Park — 2019 — WHE05BED28C4B

Climate change significantly impacts tourism resources in Kilimanjaro National Park (KINAPA), Tanzania, with a strong correlation of 4.705 between climate change severity and resource availability. The study identifies key adaptation strategies such as afforestation, eco-tourism, green tourism initiatives, loan provision for sustainable practices, environmental conservation projects, and education campaigns. These measures aim to mitigate climate impacts while fostering sustainable tourism development. The research employed a cross-sectional design with interviews, observations, and documentary reviews involving 90 respondents from adjacent villages over one month. Findings highlight the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to strengthen underutilized adaptation strategies, ensuring long-term resilience in KINAPA's tourism sector.

Climate change will drive mammal species loss and biotic homogenization in the Cerrado Biodiversity Hotspot

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2019 — WHE86D1B654E6

Climate change is projected to significantly reduce mammal species richness and promote biotic homogenization in the Cerrado Biodiversity Hotspot, particularly in southern Brazil. This study used ecological niche models (ENM) and future climate scenarios to analyze potential impacts on taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversities of mammals. Findings indicate that while species richness may decrease across most areas, southern regions could face biotic homogenization due to the extinction of native specialists and expansion of exotic generalists. The research provides a large-scale analysis of how anthropogenic and natural processes may reshape mammal communities in this endangered biome, offering critical insights for guiding future conservation efforts.

Closed House of Wonders museum: Implications to the tourism of Zanzibar Stone Town, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Stone Town of Zanzibar — 2019 — WHEB68EE5F5B6

The closure of the House of Wonders Museum in Stone Town, Zanzibar, has significantly impacted tourism satisfaction and economic stability for tour operators, guides, and local communities. A study using mixed methods—surveying 105 tourists, 8 government officials, 6 tour guides, and 8 tour operators—revealed that the museum's absence negatively affects visitor experience and financial viability. To preserve the integrity of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, the research recommends urgent rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts to restore its cultural significance and economic benefits.

Clothing Issued the Enslaved on the Monticello Plantation

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2019 — WHEDB985AEE7F

Uniform clothing issued bi-annually to enslaved people on Thomas Jefferson's Monticello plantation (late 18th–early 19th centuries) reveals how standardized garments could function within the parameters of 'fashion' as defined by Thorstein Veblen. Analysis of Jefferson's farm records—most complete for 1794 and spanning until 1824—shows systematic distribution of textiles, accessories (e.g., buttons, buckles), and beads, offering insights into clothing allotments despite limited physical evidence. While the exact cut and style remain unknown, the data suggests these garments played a role in social signaling or identity within the enslaved community.

Clunio boudouresquei sp. n. and Thalassosmittia ballestai sp. n., two Tyrrhenian marine species occurring in Scandola Nature Reserve, West Corsica (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve — 2019 — WHE0CB02A4241

Two new marine species, Clunio boudouresquei and Thalassosmittia ballestai, have been identified within the Scandola Nature Reserve in West Corsica, part of the Tyrrhenian sub-region. These species exhibit unique biological cycles tied to lunar spring tides, transitioning between marine and terrestrial environments. Their presence is closely linked to specific coastal habitats, particularly those dominated by the red calcified alga Lithophyllum byssoides, which are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities such as pollution and sea mussel proliferation. Both species serve as critical indicators of marine ecological health and climate change, including rising sea levels, in the Tyrrhenian Region. The study describes these species based on adult and pupal stages, providing insights into their taxonomy, ecology, and biogeographical significance.

Cluny and Vézelay. The Paradox of the Romanesque Capital in Burgundy

Vézelay, Church and Hill — 2019 — WHEB8F1213A3E

Romanesque capitals, often presumed to carry deep narrative or symbolic meaning, are found to serve primarily decorative purposes. This study challenges the tendency to over-interpret their subject matter by examining two great Cluniac churches—Cluny and Vézelay—as case studies. It highlights the subordinate role of capitals in relation to principal sanctuary images and raises unanswered questions about their connection to liturgical celebrations, the rarity of narrative sequences, and the understanding of lost paintings and altars during construction. The research relies on written evidence, such as that from Lucas of Tuy, to argue against over-interpretation while acknowledging lingering uncertainties.

Co-Creation Tourism in an Ancient Chinese Town

Old Town of Lijiang — 2019 — WHE645284D968

Co-creation tourism, where visitors actively participate in shaping their experiences, can significantly boost satisfaction and repeat visits to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Lijiang's Old Town. A study found that deeper interaction and shared experiences—rather than perceived authenticity—drove positive outcomes such as visitor engagement and return intent. The research developed a theoretical model to analyze co-creation dynamics, using survey data from visitors. This approach offers a sustainable solution to counter the decline of local cultures amid mass tourism and commercialization, advancing understanding in cultural tourism development.

Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

Socotra Archipelago — 2019 — WHE4EE7383909

The Socotra Archipelago, Yemen, emerges as a significant hotspot of coastal fish diversity in the Indian Ocean. This study identifies 733 faunal records across 108 families, with an estimated total richness of up to 875 species, surpassing adjacent Arabian ecoregions and even rivaling the entire Red Sea in family richness for several groups like Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, and Pseudochromidae. The archipelago's unique marine environment, blending tropical and 'pseudo-temperate' elements, supports diverse coral-associated species despite limited biogenic reefs. Fish diversity varies significantly across the archipelago, with Socotra Island exhibiting the highest richness, followed by Abd al-Kuri & Kal Farun and Darsa & Samha. The study combines a Preliminary Checklist of 682 confirmed species with a Working List of 51 additional records, employing incidence-based richness models and expert opinion to extrapolate total diversity.

Collaboration and Correction: Re-examining the Writings of Lucy Olcott Perkins, ‘a lady resident in Siena’

Historic Centre of Siena — 2019 — WHE99E3AD7FFA

Lucy Olcott Perkins' contributions to the study of Sienese art, particularly during her residence in Siena and collaboration with William Heywood, highlight the significance of networked research and collaborative partnerships in early 20th-century scholarship. Her work, marked by directness and simplicity, brought lesser-known artworks to scholarly attention while also reflecting the privileges and limitations faced by women in academic collaborations during this period. This study re-examines her writing career across two phases—one characterized by rigorous collaboration with access to historic sites, and another marked by isolation following her marriage breakdown. By analyzing her evolving approaches and circumstances, it sheds light on the dynamics of husband-wife collaborations and their impact on women's roles in art history during this era.

Collaboration or competition: The impact of incentive types on urban cycling

City of Valletta — 2019 — WHEFC27956ED0

A study comparing collaboration-based and competition-based rewards found that collaboration significantly enhances cyclists' enjoyment and engagement, without affecting their intentions to cycle more. Conducted across three European cities—Münster (Germany), Castelló (Spain), and Valletta (Malta)—the research involved 57 participants. While both incentive types were explored, collaboration emerged as a more effective strategy for promoting urban cycling through game-based applications. The findings underscore the potential of collaborative rewards in motivating cyclists, offering valuable insights for city planners and developers aiming to boost sustainable transportation.