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Enseñanza de dimensionamiento lumínico natural en latitud cero: El caso de la ciudad de Quito = Natural illumination teaching on latitude zero: The case of study of city of Quito

City of Quito — 2019 — WHECDEAEEEAFE

A study on natural illumination (NI) in Quito, Ecuador, reveals that architectural designs in the city often overlook technical aspects of NI despite its potential to enhance comfort and reduce energy consumption. The research introduces a methodology for teaching and applying bioclimatic principles to determine optimal window sizes and orientations for maximizing NI, considering Quito's unique conditions at latitude zero with dynamic cloud cover. Using a simplified modifiable application, students analyzed variables such as space use, orientation, and time of day to predict lighting conditions like penumbra, comfort, or glare. The findings underscore the importance of integrating NI considerations into architectural norms for Quito, identifying favorable orientations and periods of solar radiation incidence.

Entrapment in plastic debris endangers hermit crabs

Henderson Island — 2019 — WHE61245E082F

Plastic debris on Henderson Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands poses a severe threat to strawberry hermit crabs, with an estimated 61,000 and 508,000 crabs becoming entrapped annually on these islands. The study highlights that beach debris creates significant barriers for crabs during their daily activities, leading to mass mortality. This research underscores the urgent need to understand the link between debris interactions and population persistence, as hermit crabs play a crucial role in maintaining tropical ecosystems. The findings suggest that accumulating plastic debris could seriously impact crab populations globally, with implications for countless other islands where crabs and debris overlap.

Entre cerros y cañadones. Avances sobre el plano arqueológico del sitio Fuerte San José (Península Valdés, Chubut)

Península Valdés — 2019 — WHEDA9F4C3A02

Archaeological research at the Fuerte San José site on Península Valdés, Chubut, reveals insights into the spatial organization and habitation patterns of a colonial settlement. Unlike typical archaeological sites, this location presents unique challenges due to fragmented historical records and subtle archaeological traces, making it a complex case for study. The study integrates historical documentation, cartographic analysis, and findings from three field campaigns to reconstruct how space was structured and used in the former stronghold. This methodological approach addresses the site's formation processes, their impact on the archaeological record, and implications for local heritage preservation.

Entrepreneurial identity development through digital media

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2019 — WHEC292DE7949

Entrepreneurial identity development through digital media reveals three distinct identity types—solution-driven, purpose-driven, and lifestyle-driven—that emerge from strategic interactions and brand co-creation practices. The study highlights how entrepreneurs shape their identities by reflecting on communication with audiences via digital platforms, ultimately framing media management as a practice of self-development. Conducted through 29 qualitative interviews and observations at the neudeli startup incubator in Weimar, this research provides insight into the nuanced ways digital media facilitates entrepreneurial identity formation, offering a new lens to understand strategic sparring and brand co-creation in startup ecosystems.

Environment of Viewpoint Geosites: Evidence from the Western Caucasus

Western Caucasus — 2019 — WHECC7CE17E71

Viewpoint geosites, which offer panoramic views of unique geological features and landscapes, are significantly influenced by their environmental context. This study introduces a new framework to evaluate the environment of such sites using three components: standpoint environment, transitional environment, and target environment. Each component is assessed based on criteria like the presence of geological elements, vegetation cover, anthropogenic intervention, fragmentation, and contrast. Analyzing three geosites in the Western Caucasus, researchers found that environmental differences between these sites had a more substantial impact than variations in their displayed geoheritage features. This innovative approach to evaluating viewpoint geosites provides a broader application and justification for future environmental assessments.

Environment, Democracy, and Convivium

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2019 — WHEA2EF176DA1

A significant archaeological discovery in the baptistery of the Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, reveals a sixth-century basin, likely dating back to the Byzantine era. This finding was made possible due to unprecedented restoration efforts initiated by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), which facilitated dialogue among diverse Christian communities within the church for the first time in over 150 years. The discovery underscores the intersection of environmental preservation, democratic governance, and religious coexistence in the Levant, highlighting how political and cultural dynamics can shape historical research. The basin's uncovering on June 21, 2019, marks a rare instance where ongoing regional turmoil has enabled scholarly breakthroughs, bridging art history with broader societal contexts.

Environmental correlates of tardigrade community structure in mosses and lichens in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee and North Carolina, USA)

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2019 — WHE7DFD537736

A comprehensive inventory of tardigrades in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park revealed that sulfur oxide (SOx) deposition is the primary environmental factor influencing species richness and evenness in moss-dwelling tardigrades, while forest disturbance regimes significantly impact lichen-associated communities. The study analyzed 365 samples from mosses and lichens, identifying 57 tardigrade species, with 11 uniquely found on rock habitats. Unlike soil tardigrade communities, which were distinct, no significant differences were observed between moss and lichen substrates or sampling heights. Environmental variables, including SOx deposition and disturbance regimes, were key drivers of community structure, providing critical insights into the ecological dynamics of these microscopic organisms in one of the world's most biodiverse UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Environmental determinants of distribution of freshwater snails and trematode infection in the Omo Gibe River Basin, southwest Ethiopia

Lower Valley of the Omo — 2019 — WHED8422E76B4

Human activities such as open field defecation, livestock grazing, farming, and swimming significantly influence the distribution and infection rates of freshwater snails with trematodes in the Omo-Gibe River Basin. The study found that Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the most abundant snail species, accounted for 85% of trematode infections, with eight distinct cercarial types identified, including Echinostoma and brevifurcate apharyngeate distome cercariae being the most prevalent. Environmental factors like water conductivity and biological oxygen demand, along with sanitation practices, were also critical predictors of snail-borne disease transmission. The research highlights the need for awareness campaigns to mitigate disease spread by reducing human and animal contact with contaminated waters.

Environmental Health Education for Asbestos-Contaminated Communities in Italy: The Casale Monferrato Case Study

Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato — 2019 — WHED83C652D45

A groundbreaking environmental health education initiative in Casale Monferrato, Italy, demonstrates the power of youth engagement in mitigating asbestos-related risks. Over a four-year period, 185 high school students and teachers trained through the Asbestos Classroom reached 3,241 visitors, showcasing the effectiveness of peer education in fostering collective awareness about environmental hazards. This participatory approach, which involved students in curriculum development and knowledge dissemination, significantly contributed to reducing asbestos exposure risks in a community heavily impacted by industrial contamination. The study underscores the potential for such initiatives to be replicated globally, offering a scalable model for addressing asbestos-related diseases in both banned and non-prohibited regions.

Environmental Justice and Women Empowerment in Nyungwe National Park (Rwanda): Case Study of Kitabi Women Handcrafts Cooperative

Nyungwe National Park — 2019 — WHE58DA739B31

A case study of the Kitabi Women Handcrafts Cooperative in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, reveals significant strides in women's economic and social empowerment while highlighting persistent challenges in environmental justice. The cooperative, established in 2011 to shift former hunters' wives away from reliance on natural resources, demonstrates measurable progress through access to financial loans, savings, employment, and income-generating projects. Socially, members report improved capacity building and family relations. However, procedural justice remains limited due to a dominant top-down approach that marginalizes women's voices in decision-making processes. Challenges such as crop raiding, slow compensation processes, high-interest rates, and inadequate communication hinder further empowerment. The study recommends adopting a partnership approach to better integrate women's needs and perspectives into conservation policies.

Environmental Microclimate Management and Risk in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Villa Barbaro Maser (Italy)

City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto — 2019 — WHEC873A88650

A novel index, the Heritage Indoor Microclimate Risk (HMR), has been developed to assess and quantify the risk of damage to both historic buildings and their interiors based on indoor microclimatic factors. This approach goes beyond traditional artifact-focused evaluations by considering the entire environment. Applied to Villa Barbaro, a UNESCO World Heritage Site designed by Andrea Palladio in 1554–1560, the study combines on-site monitoring of parameters like temperature and humidity with virtual building modeling to validate scenarios for conservation and occupant comfort. The methodology leverages simulated data to determine the degree of microclimatic aggression through a single risk index, offering a holistic framework for managing heritage sites.

Environmental project and public space rehabilitation: the great project for the historic center of Naples Unesco World Heritage Site

Historic Centre of Naples — 2019 — WHE6AA484FB75

A comprehensive approach to rehabilitating the Historic Centre of Naples has yielded practical guidelines for sustainable urban interventions. The project focuses on enhancing public spaces, roads, walkways, and squares while addressing complex urban challenges in large cities with EU funding. By adopting a multidisciplinary strategy, it provides actionable insights into strategic planning and process management for similar heritage conservation efforts. These guidelines aim to balance preservation with modern functionality, offering a model for sustainable urban development in historic contexts.

Environmental Significance of the Chemical Composition of Sediments in Groundwater‐Recharged Lakes of the Badain Jaran Desert, NW China

Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes — 2019 — WHE473564B0F4

Researchers discovered that the chemical composition of sediments in groundwater-recharged lakes within the Badain Jaran Desert can serve as proxies for environmental characteristics. Specifically, the SiO2/Ti ratio reflects lake area, while the Na2O/K2O ratio more effectively indicates total dissolved solids (TDS) than the Rb/Sr ratio. The study analyzed 100 sediment samples from five lakes, examining major, trace, and rare earth elements, as well as mineral assemblages. Findings revealed that eolian sands dominate immobile elements, while authigenic minerals influence mobile ones, with sediment sorting contributing to spatial variations in chemical composition. However, the mechanisms governing sediment chemistry vary among lakes with different TDS levels, necessitating careful interpretation of environmental proxies.

Environmental Transboundary Territories of Siberia and the Far East

Landscapes of Dauria — 2019 — WHE4D136C1AAD

Transboundary specially protected natural areas (TSPNAs) offer a unique solution for preserving biotic and landscape diversity by minimizing economic activity near borders. Five TSPNAs, including Dauria, have been established through interstate agreements to date, with additional potential sites like the Amur Tiger and Leopard region being considered. Effective functioning of these areas requires bilateral or multilateral agreements to facilitate joint scientific and tourist programs while reducing border control. The study highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of establishing TSPNAs in Siberia and the Far East, emphasizing their role in conservation efforts.

Epidemiology and Ecology of Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire

Taï National Park — 2019 — WHE9EA12D5294

A previously unknown bacterium, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva), has been identified as a significant cause of lethal infections among large mammals, including chimpanzees and gorillas, in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire. This pathogen combines the genetic background of Bacillus cereus with the virulence plasmids of Bacillus anthracis, demonstrating comparable virulence in small animal models. Through comprehensive genomic analysis of 178 Bcbva isolates spanning 1996 to 2014, researchers determined that Bcbva has been present in sub-Saharan Africa for millennia and exhibits localized transmission chains within the park. The study also revealed that carrion flies play a role in disease spread, with Bcbva isolated from flies up to 25 meters high in the rainforest canopy. Serological data indicated that infections are often lethal across multiple wildlife species, highlighting the substantial threat posed by this pathogen.

Epífitas vasculares da mata de restinga da Praia do Sul, Ilha Grande, RJ, Brasil

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2019 — WHE8AF8AFC3C0

A survey of vascular epiphytes in the restinga forest of Praia do Sul, Ilha Grande, Brazil, revealed 31 species, including nine new records for the island. The study, conducted across 52 subplots in the Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul, identified a dominance of angiosperms (80.6%) and holoepiphytes (74.2%), with Araceae and Philodendron being the most species-rich family and genus, respectively. Most species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest (63%) and have unknown conservation statuses (74%). The findings underscore the ecological significance of Ilha Grande's restinga forests for epiphyte biodiversity and highlight urgent conservation needs.

Epistolary Sleight of Hand: Diplomatic Manipulation in Zosimus’ Letter to Patroclus of Arles (Quid de Proculi)

Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments — 2019 — WHE7B3F47A5A2

A closer examination of Zosimus’ Epistula 7 reveals that the letter, which seemingly upholds ecclesiastical judicial procedures and Patroclus' authority as bishop of Arles, actually masks a contentious dispute. By contextualizing this letter within other correspondence from September 417 in Liber auctoritatem ecclesiae Arelatensis, researchers demonstrate how both Zosimus and the church of Arles engaged in diplomatic manipulation to fabricate a false historical narrative about the church's authority in southern Gaul. This analysis highlights the complexities of ecclesiastical politics during this period and challenges the perceived neutrality of official records.

Erasure and appearance

Town of Luang Prabang — 2019 — WHEE9FB473F33

Heritage development often involves erasures that reciprocally link to new appearances, shaping urban landscapes. This study introduces the Erasure–Appearance Dyad (EAD) framework to analyze how heritage management practices—descriptions, prescriptions, and proscriptions—influence urban heritage in Asia-Pacific sites. By examining UNESCO-listed towns Luang Prabang and Hoi An, alongside tentative-list sites Zhouzhuang and Chiang Mai, the research reveals explicit and implicit dimensions of these processes. The findings suggest that recognizing EAD can foster multiple heritage narratives, enriching 'heritage-scapes' for both residents and visitors. This approach offers a lens to balance development with cultural preservation in urban contexts.

EReefs : An operational information system for managing the Great Barrier Reef

Great Barrier Reef — 2019 — WHE1A83CDACE5

eReefs is an innovative, interoperable information platform designed to enhance environmental intelligence for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), enabling stakeholders to evaluate past, present, and future conditions while supporting management decisions. By integrating data models, visualization tools, and decision-support systems across the entire GBR, eReefs provides a comprehensive framework to mitigate risks from competing uses of the reef. The platform has already demonstrated its utility in informing policy and management strategies, offering actionable insights for conservation efforts. Challenges and future developments are also discussed, highlighting opportunities for further refinement and expansion.

Eritrea’s New Heritage Law: Drafting and Implementation Issues

Asmara: A Modernist African City — 2019 — WHE9AA5AD9794

Eritrea's new heritage law, the Cultural and Natural Heritage Proclamation of Eritrea (2015), represents a significant milestone in safeguarding both tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including the modernist architecture of Asmara that led to its UNESCO World Heritage inscription. The study, authored by the Proclamation's main drafter, provides an insider perspective on the drafting process, highlighting key debates and implementation challenges. It offers practical recommendations for future heritage governance in Eritrea, balancing legal frameworks with effective preservation practices.