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Showing 17321 – 17340 of 30345 publications

Rural heritage on the World Heritage List: The case of villages with fortified churches from Romania

Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania — 2019 — WHE1E203680B8

Seven villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, Romania, represent the most significant rural heritage of the country. Despite their cultural importance, only these seven were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List: Prejmier-Tartlau, Biertan, Valea Viilor, Calnic, Saschiz-Keisd, Darju, and Viscri. This study highlights the pivotal role of public participation in preservation and development projects within these villages, emphasizing its impact on sustainable heritage management. It also examines broader challenges, such as the effects of tourism on local communities, offering insights into balancing conservation with socio-economic development.

Sacred Architecture and the Voice of Bells in the Medieval Landscape. With the Case Study of Mont-Saint-Michel

Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay — 2019 — WHEB7EAC8F371

Medieval worshipers experienced the presence of the divine not only through direct encounters with anthropomorphic representations but also through distant, multisensory phenomena such as silhouettes on the horizon and the echo of bells. This study demonstrates that these indirect experiences could evoke a sense of the holy, comparable to images or sculptures, by analyzing medieval beliefs, emotions, myths, memory, and reactions. Using Mont-Saint-Michel as a case study, the research reveals how this tidal island was perceived as a sacred, paradisiacal mountain, offering protection from the sea's vast wilderness and serving as Saint Michael's haven. The intensification of the saint's presence upon reaching the island was attributed not only to his relics but also to the expansive horizon of sea and sky visible from the mountain.

Sacred Stimulus: Jerusalem in the Visual Christianization of Rome by Galit Noga-Banai

Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls — 2019 — WHE0F675BD6B4

Research reveals that Jerusalem subtly influenced the visual Christianization of Rome between the 4th and mid-5th centuries, despite leaving no clear textual trace. Through meticulous analysis of mosaics, sarcophagi, and wall paintings, Galit Noga-Banai demonstrates how Rome visually engaged with Jerusalem's significance, particularly in asserting its claim as the head of the Church. Key findings include the reinterpretation of eschatological scenes to reflect Roman supremacy and the integration of Jerusalem's imagery into Roman art, such as in the mosaics of S. Constanza and S. Pudenziana. The study argues that visual rhetoric can uncover silent historical narratives, offering a novel perspective on late antique Rome's relationship with Jerusalem.

Safranbolu da Sinemanın Gelişim Süreci: Özer Sineması

City of Safranbolu — 2019 — WHE8739E092C1

Safranbolu's cinematic development, particularly the emergence of Özer Cinema, significantly shaped the city's cultural identity and economic structure. This study reveals how cinematography, introduced in 1948-1949 with electricity, evolved from silent screenings to more innovative forms, contributing to both social sharing and local economy. By analyzing indoor and outdoor cinemas through oral history and private archives, the research highlights cinema's role in Safranbolu's cultural evolution, offering valuable insights into its historical trajectory.

Sailing to Komodo: Contradictions of Tourism and Development in Eastern Indonesia

Komodo National Park — 2019 — WHE2FAEB7D606

A critical examination of the 'Sail Komodo' yacht rally (2013) reveals contradictory assumptions about tourism's role in development within Nusa Tenggara Timur province, Indonesia. Despite expectations that such mega-events would boost local economies and reduce poverty, the analysis highlights misguided relationships between tourism and prosperity. The study employs a case-study approach to dissect these contradictions, offering insights into broader challenges faced by developing regions relying on tourism as an economic driver.

Saint-Louis, Senegal

Island of Saint-Louis — 2019 — WHE42385F0D9E

Saint-Louis, Senegal's third-largest town and former capital, offers a unique urban landscape shaped by its historical significance and geographical features. Located just south of the border with Mauritania, the city comprises an island and part of the Langue de Barberie peninsula, connected by the 500-meter-long Pont Faidherbe bridge. This structure not only serves as a vital link but also reflects the city's strategic importance during its peak as Senegal's capital in the 19th century. While Dakar later surpassed it in prominence, Saint-Louis retains its historical and cultural value, making it a notable subject of study for urban development and heritage preservation.

Saint-Maurice, une ancienne église de garnison allemande devenue une paroisse catholique de Strasbourg

Strasbourg, Grande-Île and Neustadt — 2019 — WHE24AD736F45

The classification of Strasbourg's Neustadt as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2017 marks a significant historical shift, symbolizing the city's reappropriation of its past. Once criticized for its German architectural influence during the Annexation period (1871-1918), the Neustadt has been reclaimed and celebrated, reflecting a broader trend of historical reconciliation. This study examines the transformation of Saint-Maurice, an old German garrison church, into a Catholic parish in Strasbourg, illustrating the complex layers of memory and identity embedded within the site. By analyzing architectural evolution and cultural shifts, the research underscores how heritage sites serve as living markers of historical narratives, bridging past conflicts with contemporary identities.

San Cristóbal de la Laguna: un Estudio desde la Arqueología de la Arquitectura

San Cristóbal de La Laguna — 2019 — WHEC884E36A4D

A novel approach to understanding the urban evolution of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, reveals that architectural analysis of multi-layered buildings offers critical insights into the city's development, complementing traditional documentary and archaeological studies. Unlike previous interventions focused on subsurface remains, this study emphasizes the technical and constructive aspects of architecture, aiming to enrich existing documentation with a deeper understanding of urban stratification. By integrating architectural archeology with historical records, researchers provide a more comprehensive narrative of the city's growth, bridging gaps left by conventional methods.

San Marino, San Marino

San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano — 2019 — WHEDE96299403

San Marino, a unique microstate nestled within Italy, presents a distinctive blend of urban and natural heritage. The city, which shares its name with the country, is characterized by its triple-walled structure perched on the western slopes of Mount Titano. This geographical setting not only provides strategic significance but also contributes to its agricultural landscape, which contrasts with the dense urban fabric. The site's connectivity via roads and railways extends its reach to other parts of Italy and the Adriatic coast, underscoring its role as a vital link in regional transportation networks. This publication offers an insightful overview of San Marino's geographical, historical, and socio-economic dimensions, highlighting its dual identity as both a capital city and an independent nation.

Sanchi, in and out of the museum

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi — 2019 — WHE29AE7E8079

A 33-foot-tall plaster cast of the Sanchi stupa's gateway, once displayed at the South Kensington Museum, highlights a paradox in conservation: while it preserved the original sculpture, the cast itself was lost due to shifting attitudes toward reproductions. The study traces how Henry Hardy Cole's casts, commissioned after his father's 1867 convention, promoted Indian art globally and deterred colonial competition for artifacts. Contrasting Cole's views with those of Alexander Cunningham and the Begum of Bhopal, it reveals differing standards applied to European and Indian reproductions—European casts remained, while Indian ones were discarded in the 1950s. This case underscores how museum practices reflect historical power dynamics and the fragility of conservation efforts.

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Colonial City of Santo Domingo — 2019 — WHECFF532AF27

Santo Domingo, the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic, stands as the oldest European settlement in the Western Hemisphere. Its historical significance is underscored by its declaration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990, recognizing the enduring cultural and architectural legacy of its Colonial City. Located at the confluence of the Ozama River and the Caribbean Sea, Santo Domingo serves as the country's industrial, commercial, administrative, and financial hub. This designation highlights its pivotal role in shaping the region's history and its continued importance as a symbol of colonial heritage.

Scales and Perspectives of Resilience: The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Tange’s Peace Memorial

Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) — 2019 — WHE3B48168E52

Post-WWII Hiroshima's resilience narratives, shaped by architects, historians, and policymakers, reveal diverse interpretations of recovery—both physical and social—that reflect broader societal constructions of historical identity. The study critically examines how Tange Kenzō’s Peace Memorial Park and Museum project, along with other actors' visions, crafted resilience narratives targeting global and local audiences through rebuilding efforts and detailed reports. By analyzing these narratives, the research demonstrates that disaster, rebuilding, and their urban representations are integral to shaping collective memory and identity.

Scelidosaurus harrisonii from the Early Jurassic of Dorset, England: cranial anatomy

Dorset and East Devon Coast — 2019 — WHE8CD12E4714

A detailed cranial anatomy of Scelidosaurus harrisonii, an early armored ornithischian dinosaur from the Late Sinemurian period, reveals unique features not previously documented. The study highlights the presence of exostoses on skull bones, which anchored keratinous scales, and describes a heterodont dentition with distinct tooth morphology and arrangement. Additionally, it identifies three osteoderms associated with the orbit and suggests the existence of a predentary element based on symphyseal structure. The research also notes unusual internal cranial features, such as epivomer bones and an epipterygoid attached to the pterygoid, along with evidence of cranial pneumatism in immature specimens. This comprehensive analysis, based on original material from 1858 and supplementary discoveries, provides new insights into the skull anatomy and evolutionary characteristics of this significant dinosaur.

Scientists at the Heart of Westminster Abbey

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2019 — WHECB88AD5D96

Westminster Abbey serves as a historic repository for the memorials and gravesites of prominent British scientists who significantly contributed to the development of atomic theory. The abbey houses tributes to figures like Isaac Newton, J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Stephen Hawking, among others, whose work laid the foundation for modern scientific understanding. A guided tour through the abbey reveals these memorials, starting from St. Andrew's Chapel with honors to Humphry Davy, Lord Rayleigh, Thomas Young, and Robert Hooke, progressing to 'Science Corner' in the nave where Newton's grave and monuments to Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell are prominently displayed. The journey continues into the North Choir Aisle, showcasing gravesites of John Herschel, Charles Darwin, and memorials to James Prescott Joule, Sir William Ramsay, and James Watt. This exploration not only commemorates their scientific achievements but also traces the evolution of atomic theory across different eras and disciplines.

Screening and characterization of amylolitic mold originated from ghost crab (Ocypode sp.) in Cidaon, Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2019 — WHE608F940C71

Researchers identified ghost crabs (Ocypode sp.) as a promising substrate for amylolytic mold growth, with nearly half of the 30 isolates from Ujung Kulon National Park exhibiting potential to produce amylase enzymes. Among these, isolate UNJCC F111 showed the highest amylolytic activity (2.73 mm) and was tentatively classified within the Penicillium group. A significant portion (71.4%) of the 14 amylolytic strains belonged to Aspergillus, highlighting their potential as industrial biofactories for enzyme production. The study employed purposive random sampling, direct/washing isolation methods, and agar diffusion screening, followed by microscopic/macroscopic characterization. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of findings (p < 0.05).

Sea level, carbonate mineralogy, and early diagenesis controlled δ13C records in Upper Ordovician carbonates

Anticosti — 2019 — WHEB5500322B6

A global interval of elevated carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) during the Upper Ordovician, linked to glaciation, is not solely a record of global ocean chemistry but is influenced by sea-level changes and early marine diagenesis. Research on carbonate strata from Anticosti Island, Canada, and the Great Basin, USA, reveals that variations in δ44Ca and Sr/Ca ratios reflect primary aragonite mineralogy and diagenetic processes, which modulate δ13C records. Deep-ramp settings preserve elevated δ13C due to increased aragonitic preservation during sea-level lowstands, while mid- and inner ramp settings show muted shifts due to extensive early marine diagenesis under seawater-buffered conditions. This challenges the assumption that shallow-water carbonate proxies always reflect global ocean changes.

Search for Traces of Strong Ancient Earthquakes in the Western Caucasus: Archeoseismological Studies in Ancient Gorgippia

Western Caucasus — 2019 — WHE6FA65DD6E7

Archeoseismological studies at the ancient city of Gorgippia, Western Caucasus, reveal evidence of strong historical earthquakes (3rd–1st centuries BC and 1st–3rd centuries AD), including wall deformations, rotations, and well shaft squeezings. These findings suggest a regional seismic potential for crustal earthquakes with magnitudes ≥7.0, occurring every few hundred years, capable of intense shaking (IX or higher). The research combines historical records with structural analysis to assess long-term seismic hazards in the North Black Sea and South Azov seismogenic zones.

Searching for Boko Haram: A History of Violence in Central Africa by Scott MacEachern

Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains — 2019 — WHE623D249BD6

Scott MacEachern's book, 'Searching for Boko Haram: A History of Violence in Central Africa,' provides a deep historical and contextual understanding of the Lake Chad Basin, particularly focusing on the Mandara Mountains. The work avoids sensationalism by tracing the region's history back over 16,000 years, examining how local populations interpret violence and authority rather than delving deeply into Boko Haram itself. MacEachern leverages extensive archaeological fieldwork and linguistic analysis to illustrate the symbiotic yet conflict-ridden relationships between ethnic and religious communities, highlighting the region's role as a frontier characterized by banditry and smuggling. The book also explores how climatological changes have influenced human settlement and inter-group dynamics, offering valuable insights into the region's development and its potential future under climate change.

Searching for Viking Age Fortresses with Automatic Landscape Classification and Feature Detection

Viking-Age Ring Fortresses — 2019 — WHE84F2E67941

Machine learning analysis of airborne laser scanning data has identified two promising Viking Age ring fortress sites in Denmark, along with two glacial landscape features initially mistaken for meteor craters. The study employed Hough circle transformations and template matching to detect over 200,000 circular features, which were then narrowed down using geometric properties and machine learning classification. Ground-truthing confirmed Borgø and Trælbanke as viable cultural heritage sites, warranting further archaeological investigation. This approach demonstrates significant potential for global applications in detecting cultural heritage, geomorphological features, and meteor impact craters where digital terrain models are available.

Seasonal components of freshwater runoff in Glacier Bay, Alaska: diverse spatial patterns and temporal change

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2019 — WHE94C984E73A

Under the worst-case climate scenario (RCP 8.5), Glacier Bay's annual freshwater runoff is projected to increase by 13% from historical levels, shifting peak flows from July to late summer and early fall while transitioning from snowmelt- and ice-melt dominance to rain runoff. This study used SnowModel, a high-resolution distributed snow evolution model, to analyze seasonal runoff patterns (1979–2015) and project future changes (2070–2099). Historical mean annual runoff was 24.5 km³/year, with summer peaks driven by snowmelt supplemented by ice melt. Future scenarios revealed a flatter hydrograph, weaker summer flows, and higher winter flows, supported by a 24-year oceanographic CTD dataset. Spatial variability in glacier coverage, elevation, and landscape characteristics influenced these changes.