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Communal Houses in Architectural Herit-age of Le Corbusier. Unité d'Habitation (1945–1952)

The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement — 2025 — WHE9607B8B56E

Le Corbusier's Unité d'Habitation (1945–1952), a landmark of modernist and brutalist architecture, exemplifies radical innovation in multi-storey communal housing design. This study reveals how the building's layout—characterized by repetitive, modular units—challenged conventional residential planning while integrating functionalism with bold aesthetic experimentation. The analysis focuses on Le Corbusier's integration of structural efficiency, spatial organization, and urbanist principles, demonstrating his ability to merge technical rigor with artistic vision. By dissecting floor plans and architectural concepts, the research underscores the Unité's enduring influence as a prototype for post-war housing solutions.

Community Attachment, Emotional Solidarity, and Sustainable Tourism Support: Evidence From Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park — 2025 — WHEEDAFE302CD

A study on Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal, reveals that strong community attachment significantly boosts support for sustainable tourism by enhancing perceived value and reinforcing emotional solidarity among residents. The research integrates Community Attachment Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Emotional Solidarity Theory to analyze how these factors interact in tourism-dependent regions. Findings indicate that gender also plays a moderating role in the relationship between emotional solidarity dimensions—such as welcoming nature and sympathetic understanding—and tourism support. Conducted with data from 260 residents in the Khumbu region, the study offers actionable insights for policymakers to foster resident engagement and promote sustainable tourism in sensitive environments.

Community Capitals Framework for Sustainable Development: A Qualitative Study of Creative Tourism in Ban Chiang World Heritage Site

Ban Chiang Archaeological Site — 2025 — WHEFEE50203AB

Creative tourism strategies can drive sustainable socio-economic growth and cultural preservation at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, as demonstrated by Ban Chiang's community-based approach. This study reveals that integrating creative tourism with the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) enhances environmental conservation, economic empowerment, and social well-being through multilateral stakeholder collaboration. Using qualitative methods—including in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis—the research highlights Ban Chiang’s successful model for heritage revitalization, offering practical insights for policymakers and practitioners to leverage creative tourism for positive transformation in similar destinations.

Community ecology of domestic animals and wildlife at solid waste disposal sites near dong phayayen – khaoyai forest complex and its impacts on zoonotic diseases

Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex — 2025 — WHEB135406BE8

Solid waste disposal sites (SWS) near the Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex act as critical hotspots for zoonotic disease transmission, with domestic dogs and the rodent Rattus rattus serving as key bridge species that facilitate pathogen spillover between diurnal and nocturnal animals. Despite high host densities at SWS, chigger prevalence was lower than in semi-natural forest habitats, yet Leptotrombidium deliense—the primary vector for scrub typhus—showed a 35-fold specificity to R. rattus. Network analysis revealed distinct habitat-host modules and host-chigger compartments, indicating that transmission risk is driven by network topology rather than biodiversity alone. The study suggests that interventions should focus on restricting SWS within 2 km of protected areas, targeting surveillance on dogs and R. rattus, and implementing One Health approaches to monitor waste workers and surrounding communities.

Community Participation for Sustainable Park Management: In Case of Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia

Bale Mountains National Park — 2025 — WHE3C1926DAA1

A strong negative relationship exists between financial constraints and sustainable park management in Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia, indicating that budget limitations significantly hinder conservation efforts. The study also highlights moderate negative correlations with poor stakeholder collaboration, lack of government support, and inadequate awareness, all of which collectively undermine effective park management. Using a mixed-methods approach—combining surveys of 328 households with interviews of key informants—the research identifies critical barriers to sustainability, including financial restrictions, weak institutional coordination, and insufficient public engagement. Recommendations emphasize the need for increased community participation, targeted awareness campaigns, improved stakeholder collaboration, and stronger government support to foster sustainable resource management in the park.

Community Perception and Biophysical Assessment of Lapnisan ( Aquilaria species Lam.) in Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, Davao Oriental, Philippines

Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary — 2025 — WHE84C9918520

Aquilaria species, known for their valuable agarwood resin used in medicine and fragrance, exhibit distinct community perceptions and biophysical characteristics within Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary. This study reveals that while Barangay La Union features shallow soil with rocky surfaces predominantly inhabited by Aquilaria malaccensis and A. cumingiana, Barangay Maputi showcases deeper soils with fewer rocks, where A. cumingiana thrives. Climatic factors show minor variations between the two areas. The research combines Key Informant Interviews to assess community knowledge and attitudes toward conservation with Line Plot Method for biophysical characterization, alongside climatic and edaphic data collection. Findings underscore the importance of in situ conservation strategies while highlighting Aquilaria species' potential for ex situ conservation, offering livelihood opportunities and climate risk mitigation through forest plantation.

Community Perceptions of Harmful Algal Blooms, the Socioeconomic Implications, and Policies of Mitigation: A Case Study of Ha Long Bay, Vietnam

Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago — 2025 — WHEE161911B70

A study on Ha Long Bay, Vietnam, reveals that harmful algal blooms (HABs) are often underestimated by local communities due to limited public awareness and understanding. Perceptions of HAB threats varied significantly across sectors, with those in tourism and aquaculture—sectors directly impacted by HABs—underestimating the risks. The research, combining community questionnaires and expert interviews, highlights the need for improved government communication on HABs and tailored policies to mitigate socioeconomic impacts. This work contributes to a growing but still limited body of evidence on public perceptions of coastal HABs, offering insights crucial for long-term solutions.

Community Perceptions on Conservation, Livelihood Vulnerability and Quality of Life Around Tanzania’s Kilimanjaro National Park

Kilimanjaro National Park — 2025 — WHEC28C5911C5

A study on Kilimanjaro National Park reveals that improved quality of life correlates with stronger conservation attitudes, particularly among highly vulnerable communities. The research found that as livelihood vulnerability decreases, the relationship between quality of life and conservation support weakens. This suggests that targeted development efforts could enhance both conservation outcomes and community well-being. The findings were derived from a questionnaire survey across four villages bordering the park, analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling.

Community-based Ecotourism in the Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia: Challenges, Opportunities and Lessons Learnt

Bale Mountains National Park — 2025 — WHE38BF9A37E3

Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) in Ethiopia possesses significant potential for community-based ecotourism (CBET), driven by its rich cultural heritage, endangered wildlife, and scenic attractions like Fincanbera tourism sites and Bodity Mountain. However, the park faces substantial challenges, including low local participation, inadequate infrastructure, limited stakeholder engagement, and unsustainable resource use. Despite these obstacles, the study highlights that CBET could be a viable model for sustainable development, particularly in developing countries where demand for nature-based tourism is growing. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining questionnaire surveys, in-depth interviews, and observations to gather data from participants selected via snowball sampling. These findings offer valuable lessons for European countries seeking to adapt grassroots, bottom-up CBET models to their own contexts.

Community-based Water Stewardship and Environmental Planning in Arid Landscapes: A Case Study of Wadi Rum, Jordan

Wadi Rum Protected Area — 2025 — WHE52755A6C21

A community-driven approach to water stewardship and environmental planning in Wadi Rum, Jordan, demonstrates significant potential for enhancing resilience in arid landscapes. This study highlights the effectiveness of participatory laboratories as platforms that integrate indigenous knowledge with strategic environmental planning, fostering collaboration among local Bedouin communities. By prioritizing community engagement over top-down development models, this method empowers local voices and aligns solutions with regional socio-cultural and ecological contexts. The findings underscore the importance of context-specific, community-led strategies in sustainable heritage conservation, bridging gaps between external interventions and genuine local empowerment.

Community-driven hospitality: a boutique hotel’s model for sustainable growth

Medina of Tunis — 2025 — WHE4DFD858BEF

A boutique hotel in the Medina of Tunis demonstrates that sustainable hospitality can drive both profitability and community revitalization by integrating local hiring, informal supplier sourcing, and immersive cultural programming. This model, rooted in heritage tourism, reinvests profits locally while fostering guest engagement and staff retention. Unlike top-down industry standards, this approach emerges from within informal economies and preservation efforts, offering actionable strategies for boutique hotels in culturally rich or under-resourced urban areas. The study, based on fieldwork and practitioner collaboration, provides real-world guidance to balance profit with place-based impact.

Community-Engaged Archaeology at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Jebel Barkal, Sudan

Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region — 2025 — WHE754C414130

A collaborative, de-colonial approach to heritage conservation at Jebel Barkal, Sudan, has successfully integrated local communities and international experts to address challenges in protecting a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This study highlights the effectiveness of community-engaged archaeology in balancing sustainable tourism with cultural preservation, despite operating in a conflict-prone region. The research emphasizes co-directed efforts by Sudanese and Western professionals, ensuring that conservation strategies are both culturally sensitive and scientifically rigorous. Key achievements include the development of comprehensive management and conservation plans, as well as innovative community engagement initiatives that foster long-term stewardship.

Comparative activity pattern analysis of endemic chevrotains in Sri Lanka

Sinharaja Forest Reserve — 2025 — WHE2BA0FE16E7

Sri Lanka's two endemic chevrotain species exhibit distinct activity patterns shaped by their habitats. The dry zone chevrotain (Moschiola meminna) shows cathemeral activity with peaks at dawn, midday, and dusk in Wilpattu National Park, likely to avoid heat while foraging and evading predators. In contrast, the wet zone chevrotain (Moschiola kathygre) in Sinharaja Forest Reserve is primarily nocturnal, possibly due to competition or sensitivity to disturbances in dense forests. The study used systematic camera trap surveys across >30% of each habitat, analyzing 1,000 bootstrap iterations with non-parametric von Mises kernel density estimators to quantify activity levels. Findings highlight the need for species-specific conservation strategies, emphasizing reduced human disturbance during nocturnal hours for M. kathygre and preservation of dry zone forests for M. meminna.

Comparative Analysis of Conservation Strategies and Outcomes in Simen Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia and Qianjiangyuan National Park (QNP), China

Simien National Park — 2025 — WHEF9D9FB85B2

A comparative analysis of conservation strategies in Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia, and Qianjiangyuan National Park (QNP), China, reveals that QNP's tiered administrative framework with strong provincial leadership and stakeholder collaboration has led to effective land-use regulations, zoning, and reforestation efforts. These measures have maintained over 81.7% of the park as forest, enhanced watershed protection and carbon storage, and fostered a flourishing ecotourism industry while balancing local livelihoods and sustainability. SMNP's community-led conservation practices have also shown significant growth in tourism revenue and beneficiary numbers, with projections indicating continued increase. Both parks have seen notable recoveries in endangered species populations, such as Ethiopian wolves and Walia ibex in SMNP, highlighting the success of integrated management techniques.

Comparative Notes on the Jewish Arabic Dialects of Gabes and Djerba (Tunisia)

Djerba: Testimony to a settlement pattern in an island territory — 2025 — WHE0ADA2F0A81

Jewish Arabic dialects of Gabes and Djerba, though geographically close, exhibit significant phonological and syntactic distinctions. While Jewish Gabes retains three phonemic vowels and retroflex sibilants, Jewish Djerba shows a reduced vowel system with fronted palatal sibilants. Syntactically, the dialects diverge in future tense markers—Jewish Gabes uses both 'bāš' and 'ḥabb', whereas Jewish Djerba employs 'ḥa', potentially derived from 'ḥabb'. Both dialects also feature topicalisation strategies akin to Chinese-style constructions. This study combines linguistic analysis with field recordings, offering insights into the historical and sociolinguistic dynamics of North African Jewish communities.

Comparative Study of Intimacy Between Millennial Vernacular Islamic Habitat of M’zab and Standardized Modern Habitat

M'Zab Valley — 2025 — WHE2108B96312

A comparative analysis of the M'Zab Valley reveals significant differences in spatial and superficial intimacy between its millennial vernacular Islamic architecture and standardized modern habitats. The study quantifies these dynamics using ophthalmology calculations, Panero and Zelnik's spatial design principles, and interpersonal communication thresholds, while also considering gender-specific resonance frequencies. Findings suggest that the M'Zab's architectural design effectively protects privacy through sensory experiences, contrasting with modern approaches. This research highlights the cultural and functional depth of Islamic architecture, offering insights into its sustainability and intergenerational adaptability.

Compatible Repair Mortars: A New Methodology Based on Digital Image Analysis Applied to the Casemates of Algiers

Kasbah of Algiers — 2025 — WHEF3431001CE

A new methodology for creating compatible repair mortars, ensuring they meet the compatibility principle's requirements without compromising the integrity of historic structures, has been developed. This approach combines physical and mechanical testing with Digital Image Analysis (DIA) of mortar thin sections under polarized light to rigorously define original mortar characteristics. Compatibility acceptance criteria, including porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength, are quantified to assess how closely new mortars resemble the original ones. An iterative process for adjusting mix design based on these comparisons was successfully applied to Ottoman military building Casemates in Algiers' Kasbah, demonstrating its effectiveness in preserving cultural heritage while ensuring structural stability.

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Spotted Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) from Huanglong Mountain, Shaanxi, China, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Moschidae

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2025 — WHE7B8FF48F06

Phylogenetic analysis confirms that the spotted forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) from Huanglong Mountain, Shaanxi, China, belongs to the forest musk deer species, resolving long-standing taxonomic uncertainty. The study sequenced and assembled complete mitochondrial genomes of two individuals, revealing an average length of 16,355 base pairs with 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. By incorporating all available Moschidae mitogenomes into a robust phylogenetic framework, the research clarifies evolutionary relationships within the family and supports the monophyly of M. berezovskii. This work provides critical molecular evidence to distinguish between morphologically similar musk deer species and advances understanding of their genetic diversity.

Complexity Theory and the Harappan Civilization

Dholavira: a Harappan City — 2025 — WHE5A926EC902

A novel application of complexity theory reveals that the Harappan Civilization (2600–1900 BCE) exhibited decentralized innovation, adaptive water management, and flexible social structures, underpinned by interconnected environmental, social, and technological networks. This approach challenges linear interpretations of urban development, demonstrating how emergent properties, feedback loops, and self-organization shaped the civilization's longevity and eventual decline. Analysis of archaeological data from sites like Dholavira, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, and Rakhigarhi highlights hidden connections in symbolic communication and inter-city trade, offering deeper insights into early urban dynamics and the sustainability of complex systems.

Comprehensive protection and revitalization of Levuka world heritage from the perspective of marine spatial planning

Levuka Historical Port Town — 2025 — WHE1D4F384933

Marine spatial planning offers a promising strategy for the comprehensive protection and revitalization of Levuka Historical Port Town. The study reveals that while the site demonstrates good overall compatibility between land and sea uses, its low degree of land use mixing presents significant potential for revitalization. By dividing the area into four zones—protection, optimization, function expansion, and function integration—the research proposes tailored strategies to mitigate threats to relics while promoting activities that enhance heritage development. This approach aims to increase the vitality of World Heritage Sites through balanced control and moderate introduction of new functions, fostering sustainable development.