World Heritage Identification Number: 630
World Heritage since: 1992
Category: Natural Heritage
WHE Type: Natural Landscapes & Geographic Features
Transboundary Heritage: No
Endangered Heritage: No
Country: 🇦🇺 Australia
Continent: Oceania
UNESCO World Region: Asia and the Pacific
Map
K’gari (Fraser Island): A World Heritage Site of Remarkable Sand Dunes and Biodiversity
K’gari, formerly known as Fraser Island, is a remarkable sand island located off the eastern coast of Australia. This vast expanse of land, stretching over 122 kilometers, holds the distinction of being the largest sand island in the world. Situated within the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, K’gari lies approximately 250 kilometers north of Brisbane, the state capital, and falls under the jurisdiction of the Fraser Coast Region local council area.
The island's unique characteristics have earned it a place on the prestigious list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1992. The official short description highlights the majestic remnants of tall rainforests growing on sand, the presence of half the world's perched freshwater dune lakes, and the intriguing combination of shifting sand dunes, tropical rainforests, and lakes that make it an exceptional site.
K’gari's geographical features are indeed extraordinary. The island is composed primarily of sand, with its highest point, Mount Bowarrady (or Boomerang Hill), reaching about 244 meters above sea level. Despite its sandy composition, the island supports diverse ecosystems, including subtropical rainforests, eucalyptus forests, mangrove forests, and heathlands. These habitats are home to a unique array of wildlife, most notably the Wongari (Dingo), which is considered one of the purest strains remaining in Australia.
The Dingo is a vital apex predator on the island, playing an essential role in maintaining ecological balance. Yet, their presence requires careful management to ensure the safety of both animals and humans, as the animals are wild and can become aggressive if habituated to humans through illegal feeding. Visitors are required to store food in animal-proof containers and keep children within arm's reach to protect the welfare of this unique, protected species.
One of the most striking features of K’gari is its perched freshwater lakes. These lakes are formed when organic matter creates an impermeable layer in a depression between dunes, allowing them to be fed entirely by rainwater. There are over 40 such lakes on the island. Lake Boomanjin is the largest perched lake in the world, covering approximately 2 square kilometers (200 hectares).
The island's rainforests are equally captivating, defying conventional wisdom by thriving on nutrient-poor sand. Central Station and the area around the Dilli Village educational camp — located on the eastern coast — showcase these lush environments. These forests house ancient King Ferns and provide habitat for the rare Ground Parrot.
K’gari's rich cultural history is deeply significant. The Butchulla people, the traditional owners of the land, have lived on the island for thousands of years. Their connection to the land is deeply rooted, and their stories and traditions continue to be an integral part of the island's identity, as reflected in the 2021 formal restoration of its traditional name, K’gari (meaning "paradise").
European settlement began in the mid-19th century, with logging, agriculture, and tourism becoming major industries. Today, up to 500,000 visitors flock to the island each year, drawn by its natural beauty and unique attractions. The island is managed by Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service to balance tourism with the preservation of this delicate ecosystem.
To bring it all together, K’gari (Fraser Island) stands as a testament to the wonders of nature. Its unique geography, diverse ecosystems, and rich cultural history make it a truly exceptional destination. As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, it serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving these natural treasures for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.
UNESCO Description of the World Heritage Site
K’gari (Fraser Island) lies just off the east coast of Australia. At 122 km long, it is the largest sand island in the world. Majestic remnants of tall rainforest growing on sand and half the world’s perched freshwater dune lakes are found inland from the beach. The combination of shifting sand-dunes, tropical rainforests and lakes makes it an exceptional site.
UNESCO Justification of the World Heritage Site
Criterion (vii): K’gari is the largest sand island in the world, containing a diverse range of features that are of exceptional natural beauty. The area has over 250 kilometres of clear sandy beaches with long, uninterrupted sweeps of ocean beach, including more than 40 kilometres of strikingly coloured sand cliffs, as well as spectacular blowouts. Inland from the beach are majestic remnants of tall rainforest growing on tall sand dunes, a phenomenon believed to be unique in the world. Half of the world’s perched freshwater dune lakes occur on the island, producing a spectacular and varied landscape. The world’s largest unconfined aquifer on a sand island has also been found here.
Criterion (viii): The property represents an outstanding example of significant ongoing geological processes including longshore drift. The immense sand dunes are part of the longest and most complete age sequence of coastal dune systems in the world and are still evolving. The superimposition of active parabolic dunes on remnants of older dunes deposited during periods of low sea level, which are stabilised by towering rainforests at elevations of up to 240 metres, is considered unique. K’gari also has a variety of freshwater dune lakes which are exceptional in terms of number, diversity and age. The dynamic interrelationship between the coastal dune sand mass, aquifer hydrology and the freshwater dune lakes provides a sequence of lake formation both spatially and temporally. The process of soil formation on the island is also unique, since as a result of the successive overlaying of dune systems, a chronosequence of podzol development from the younger dune systems on the east to the oldest systems on the west change from rudimentary profiles less than 0.5 metres thick to giant forms more than 25 metres thick. The latter far exceeds known depths of podzols anywhere else in the world and has a direct influence on plant succession, with the older dune systems causing retrogressive succession when the soil horizon becomes too deep to provide nutrition for tall forest species.
Criterion (ix): The property represents an outstanding example of significant ongoing biological processes. These processes, acting on a sand medium, include biological adaptation (such as unusual rainforest succession), and biological evolution (such as the development of rare and biogeographically significant species of plants and animals). Vegetation associations and succession represented on K’gari display an unusual level of complexity, with major changes in floristic and structural composition occurring over very short distances. Both heathland and closed forest communities provide refugia for relict and disjunct populations, which are important to ongoing speciation and radiation. Evolution and specialised adaptation to low fertility, fire, waterlogging and aridity is continuing in the ancient angiosperm flora of the heathlands and the associated vertebrate and invertebrate fauna. Since listing, patterned fens have been discovered on the property, which along with those at Cooloola, are the only known examples of sub-tropical patterned fens in the world. These fens support an unusual number of rare and threatened invertebrate and vertebrate species. The dynamic interrelationship between the coastal dune sand mass, hydrology, the ongoing processes of soil formation and the development of plant communities is remarkable in its scale and complexity given the uniform substrate. In particular, the development of rainforest vegetation communities, with trees up to 50 metres tall on coastal dune systems at the scale found on K’gari, is not known to occur elsewhere in the world. There is clear zonation and succession of plant communities according to salinity, water table, age and nutrient status of dune sands, exposure and fire frequency. The low shrubby heaths (‘wallum’) are of considerable evolutionary and ecological significance. Fauna including a number of threatened species of frog, have adapted to the highly specialised acidic environment associated with wet heathlands and sedgelands in this siliceous sand environment.
Encyclopedia Record: K'gari
K'gari, also known by its former name Fraser Island, is a World Heritage-listed sand island along the south-eastern coast in the Wide Bay–Burnett region of Queensland, Australia. The island lies approximately 250 km (160 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane, and is within the Fraser Coast Region local council area. The world heritage listing includes the island, its surrounding waters and parts of the nearby mainland which make up the Great Sandy National Park. In the 2021 census, the island had a population of 152. Up to 500,000 people visit the island each year.Additional Site Details
Area: 181,851 hectares
Number of Components: 1
(viii) — Outstanding example representing major earth stages
(ix) — Outstanding example representing ecological and biological processes
Coordinates: -25.21666667 , 153.1333333
Image
Unknown, Public domain
World Heritage Research
Discover scientific research and academic studies that deepen our understanding of K’gari (Fraser Island) from its history and significance to its conservation, management, and contemporary challenges.
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A population viability analysis of K’gari (Fraser Island) wongari (dingoes)
A population viability analysis (PVA) of K’gari (Fraser Island) wongari (dingoes) reveals that, under favorable conditions, the population is likely to persist over 50 and 100 years. However, high mortality rates significantly increase extinction risk, particularly at low- and mid-level population sizes. Promiscuous breeding behavior, higher female breeding success, and greater male availability mitigate these risks. The study highlights the importance of PVA in identifying critical factors influencing wongari survival but underscores a lack of data on reproduction and mortality, which limits actionable recommendations for conservation managers. Improved data collection is essential to accurately predict the long-term viability of this iconic population.
Appleby, R., Smith, B. P., Jones, D., Conroy, G., & Behrendorff, L. (2025). A population viability analysis of K’gari (Fraser Island) wongari (dingoes). Australian Mammalogy, 47(1). https://doi.org/10.1071/am23009
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The synergy between Empodisma minus and microbial enzymes in carbon storage and nutrient turnover in the peatlands of K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia
Moderate fire disturbances and the presence of Empodisma minus enhance microbial enzyme activity, nutrient turnover, and carbon sequestration in K’gari’s peatlands. A study across three sites—Moon Point (high E. minus cover), Dilli Swamp (moderate cover with planned 'cool burns'), and Sandy Peat (low cover)—revealed that Dilli Swamp exhibited the highest microbial activity and nutrient availability, while intense wildfires at Moon Point reduced these processes despite higher E. minus dominance. Microbial enzyme activities correlated strongly with moisture content and redox potential, highlighting their pivotal role in peatland resilience. Conservation efforts should prioritize fire management to prevent intense disturbances, ensuring the dominance of E. minus and maintaining carbon storage capacity.
Ghasemzadeh, Z., Hosseini, S. S., Chittleborough, D., Yule, C., Cooray, I. G., Chellaiah, D., Katouli, M., & Chalmers, G. (2025). The synergy between Empodisma minus and microbial enzymes in carbon storage and nutrient turnover in the peatlands of K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 25(8), 2404–2419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-025-04093-9
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Efficacy of Management Efforts to Reduce Food-Related Dingo–Human Interactions and Conflict on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia
Management efforts to reduce food-related conflicts between dingoes and humans on K’gari (Fraser Island) have shown limited success. Analysis of 7,791 unique reports from 1990 to 2020 revealed that while less serious incidents declined over time, trends in severe or fatal interactions remained stable, indicating that current strategies—such as education programs and garbage dump fencing—have reached their effectiveness limits. Food-related conflicts peaked seasonally during breeding and dispersal periods, suggesting a biological link to aggression. The study highlights the need for innovative interventions to protect both dingoes and humans on this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Behrendorff, L., King, R., & Allen, B. L. (2023). Efficacy of Management Efforts to Reduce Food-Related Dingo–Human Interactions and Conflict on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia. Animals, 13(2), 204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13020204
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K’gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage Area: evaluating change in plant species richness and composition over two decades
A two-decade study of K’gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage Area, the world's largest sand island, reveals that while most vegetation communities exhibit resilience to frequent bushfires and invasive species, some ecosystems face significant adverse effects. Analysis of 22 long-term monitoring sites resurveyed in 2021 found no statistically significant changes in plant species richness or composition compared to baseline data from 1995, though recently burnt areas showed the greatest dissimilarity. Notably, Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. incana communities on exposed frontal dunes and dry peat swamps were particularly vulnerable. The study also recorded six invasive plant species known as environmental weeds. These findings underscore the importance of targeted planned burning to mitigate severe bushfire risks and protect biodiversity in this UNESCO-listed landscape.
Ngugi, M. R., Neldner, V. J., Melzer, R., Behrendorff, L., & Dodt, W. G. (2023). K’gari (Fraser Island) World Heritage Area: evaluating change in plant species richness and composition over two decades. Pacific Conservation Biology, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1071/pc22046
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A passionate partnership: understanding the origins and significance of John Sinclair’s connection with K’gari (Fraser Island)
John Sinclair's evolution from a conservative politician to a pioneering environmental activist, deeply intertwined with K’gari (Fraser Island), offers profound insights into the development of environmental stewardship and education in Australia. His journey reflects significant parallels with broader trends in environmental activism, highlighting the transformative power of learning from traditional custodians, such as the Butchulla people, and collaboration with other leading environmentalists. Sinclair's memoir and interviews provide a unique lens to understand his enduring connection to K’gari, its historical significance, and its lasting environmental impact. This study underscores the importance of integrating Indigenous knowledge and cross-disciplinary partnerships in shaping sustainable practices.
Bissett, S. Z. (2022). A passionate partnership: understanding the origins and significance of John Sinclair’s connection with K’gari (Fraser Island). Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 39(1), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2022.21
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Ecological and Cultural Understanding as a Basis for Management of a Globally Significant Island Landscape
K’gari (Fraser Island), an Australian World Heritage Site, faces significant ecological and cultural management challenges due to its unique isolation, biodiversity, and rich First Nations history. Research identifies a contested balance between tourism pressures, biosecurity threats, and climate change while emphasizing the need for equitable co-management involving Indigenous Peoples. The study reveals that island uniqueness, though underfunded in research, demands greater investment to address conservation gaps. It proposes a framework for sustainable management that integrates ecological integrity with cultural custodianship, offering global applicability to similar World Heritage Sites.
Walker, K., Baldwin, C., Conroy, G., Applegate, G., Archer-Lean, C., Arthington, A., Behrendorff, L., Gilby, B., Hadwen, W., Henderson, C., Jacobsen, C., Lamb, D., Lieske, S., Ogbourne, S., Olds, A., Ota, L., Ribbe, J., Sargent, S., Schaffer, V., et al. (2022). Ecological and Cultural Understanding as a Basis for Management of a Globally Significant Island Landscape. Coasts, 2(3), 152–202. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts2030009
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A review of road infrastructure development and contemporary degradation on K’gari-Fraser Island
K'gari (Fraser Island) faces significant road degradation due to vehicular traffic and historical industry impacts, threatening its fragile ecosystem. A review of the island's road infrastructure reveals high volumes of tourism-related traffic contributing to erosion and deep-cuttings, particularly on unpaved sand roads. The study highlights the urgent need for sustainable transport solutions to mitigate environmental damage caused by current road conditions. Photographic evidence supports the argument for a more resilient transport network, balancing tourism demands with ecological preservation.
Waldron, R. P., & McCallum, A. B. (2021). A review of road infrastructure development and contemporary degradation on K’gari-Fraser Island. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 28(2), 104–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2021.1918586
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Best-practice dingo management: six lessons from K’gari (Fraser Island)
Successful dingo management on K’gari (Fraser Island) offers six key lessons for mitigating human-dingo conflicts, derived from over 20 years of adaptive strategies. The approach prioritizes people's safety and interests while targeting specific dingo behaviors and individuals. Central to this strategy is a deep understanding of local dingo ecology, clear pathways for intervention, and collaboration with stakeholders. This best-practice framework, encapsulated in the Fraser Island Dingo Conservation and Risk Management Strategy, provides a model for managing similar conflicts involving canids globally.
Behrendorff, L. (2021). Best-practice dingo management: six lessons from K’gari (Fraser Island). Australian Zoologist, 41(3), 521–533. https://doi.org/10.7882/az.2021.001
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Conservation concerns associated with low genetic diversity for K’gari–Fraser Island dingoes
The dingo population on K’gari (Fraser Island) exhibits significantly lower genetic diversity compared to mainland populations, with a fourfold reduction in effective population size. This finding, derived from an analysis of 9 microsatellite loci across 175 K’gari and 264 mainland dingo samples, reveals strong genetic differentiation between the island and mainland groups. The study attributes these patterns to founder effects and bottlenecks, common in small, isolated island populations. As the first large-scale genetic assessment for K’gari dingoes, this research underscores the need for genetic and demographic monitoring to mitigate human-induced mortality risks and ensure long-term conservation success.
Conroy, G. C., Lamont, R. W., Bridges, L., Stephens, D., Wardell-Johnson, A., & Ogbourne, S. M. (2021). Conservation concerns associated with low genetic diversity for K’gari–Fraser Island dingoes. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89056-z
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The People of K’Gari/Fraser Island: Working through 250 Years of Racial Double Coding
A groundbreaking study recovers and reinterprets the history of the Badtjala people on K’gari (Fraser Island) through a personal, clan-based lens, challenging colonial narratives and asserting Indigenous sovereignty. The research, led by artist-academic Fiona Foley, traces 250 years of racial double coding—where the Butchulla people were simultaneously erased and commodified in Australian history—while emphasizing genealogy as a tool for cultural responsibility and Native Title recognition. Through archival analysis, oral histories, and artistic practice, Foley demonstrates how land claims (including the 2014 K’gari determination) restore Badtjala authority over their traditional country, countering centuries of dispossession. The accompanying film, Out of the Sea Like Cloud, further centers this local perspective within broader national and international contexts.
Foley, F. (2020). The People of K’Gari/Fraser Island: Working through 250 Years of Racial Double Coding. Genealogy, 4(3), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4030074
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Without management interventions, endemic wet‐sclerophyll forest is transitioning to rainforest in World Heritage listed K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia
Wet-sclerophyll forests on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia, are transitioning to rainforest without management interventions. Research tracking three 0.4-hectare plots over 65 years found that rainforest trees recruited significantly faster than endemic wet-sclerophyll species like Syncarpia hillii and Lophostemon confertus, even under varying disturbance regimes (selective logging, fire, cyclones). Only five L. confertus saplings were detected in the smallest size class by 2017, indicating a decline. The study suggests that more pronounced disturbances or active management—such as fire—may be necessary to conserve this unique ecosystem, emphasizing collaboration with Indigenous landowners for effective conservation strategies.
Krishnan, V., Robinson, N., Firn, J., Applegate, G., Herbohn, J., & Schmidt, S. (2019). Without management interventions, endemic wet‐sclerophyll forest is transitioning to rainforest in World Heritage listed K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia. Ecology and Evolution, 9(3), 1378–1393. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4853
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Contemporary dingo management on K’gari (Fraser Island, Great Sandy National Park) under the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service
A comprehensive dingo management strategy on K’gari (Fraser Island) has been implemented to balance human safety and dingo welfare, integrating risk intervention and public education. The Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service's Fraser Island Dingo Conservation and Risk Management Strategy (FIDCRMS), introduced in 2013, combines four key programs: Risk Intervention, Communication and Education, Research, and Review. This summary focuses on the practical execution of the first two programs, which aim to mitigate risks while fostering community engagement and compliance. The approach leverages data-driven risk assessment, public awareness campaigns, and stakeholder collaboration to ensure sustainable coexistence between dingoes and humans in this UNESCO-listed World Heritage Site.
Tapply, J. (2018). Contemporary dingo management on K’gari (Fraser Island, Great Sandy National Park) under the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 25(1), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2017.1422042
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Utilisation of stranded marine fauna washed ashore on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia, by dingoes
Stranded marine fauna, such as dead cetaceans and marine turtles, provide a substantial and regular food source for dingoes on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia. Between 2006 and 2016, an average of 30.3 tons of carrion was available annually, supporting the dietary needs of roughly 5–10% of the island’s dingo population. Camera traps revealed that dingoes, including entire packs, visited carcasses daily after a short decomposition period, indicating significant reliance on marine subsidies. This study highlights how marine strandings can influence terrestrial carnivore diet, behavior, and abundance, potentially leading to cascading effects in terrestrial ecosystems.
Behrendorff, L., Leung, L. K.-P., & Allen, B. L. (2018). Utilisation of stranded marine fauna washed ashore on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia, by dingoes. Australian Journal of Zoology, 66(2), 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1071/zo18022
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K’gari-Fraser Island: towards an immersive, interdisciplinary and inclusive approach to environmental and sustainability education
Immersive, interdisciplinary field-based learning on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia, demonstrates transformative potential for environmental and sustainability education that surpasses traditional classroom settings. The study highlights how such experiences can foster enduring learning outcomes and student transformation, linking fieldwork to alternate futures. Conducted by the University of the Sunshine Coast at Dilli Village—a key research hub—this case study emphasizes the need for a more inclusive, interdisciplinary approach to leverage K’gari’s unique ecosystems, indigenous history, and ongoing research projects. By integrating diverse courses and programs with real-world field activities, the university aims to enhance educational impact while addressing sustainability challenges.
Walker, K. E., Ashford, G., Conroy, G., & Tindale, N. (2017). 20. K’gari-Fraser Island: towards an immersive, interdisciplinary and inclusive approach to environmental and sustainability education. Envisioning Futures for Environmental and Sustainability Education, 281–291. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-846-9_20
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Managing a contested cultural heritage place on K’gari (Fraser Island), Queensland, Australia
A study on K’gari (Fraser Island) reveals that intangible Indigenous Knowledge is crucial for assigning cultural significance to contested places like Takky Wooroo. While tangible archaeological evidence is lacking, the research demonstrates that memorialization, association, and the archaeology of absence can link Takky Wooroo to a historically documented massacre event from the 19th century. The study employs a multi-vocal methodology within Indigenous archaeologies, combining oral history from Traditional Owners with archival sources to assess perceptions held by stakeholders. This approach highlights the importance of integrating intangible understandings in heritage management, particularly when material culture alone cannot establish significance.
WEISSE, A., & ROSS, A. (2017). Managing a contested cultural heritage place on K’gari (Fraser Island), Queensland, Australia. Archaeology in Oceania, 52(3), 149–160. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/arco.5130
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Utilising aversive conditioning to manage the behaviour of K’gari (Fraser Island) dingoes (Canis dingo)
Aversive conditioning shows promise as a non-lethal alternative to lethal control for managing aggressive dingo behavior on K’gari (Fraser Island), reducing risks to human safety. The study reviews eight experimental approaches, including electric fencing, chemical repellents, and fear-evoking stimuli, with some—like exclusion fencing and personal protection tools—offering effective mitigation. However, methods such as conditioned taste aversion are deemed ineffective. While not a universal solution, aversive conditioning provides a viable gap-filling strategy in dingo management.
Appleby, R., Smith, B., Bernede, L., & Jones, D. (2017). Utilising aversive conditioning to manage the behaviour of K’gari (Fraser Island) dingoes (Canis dingo). Pacific Conservation Biology, 23(4), 335–358. https://doi.org/10.1071/pc17017
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From den to dust: longevity of three dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari)
Wild dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari) can live for at least 13 years, with one individual successfully producing litters for over a decade. This finding emerges from a long-term study tracking ear-tagged and microchipped dingoes since 2002, providing rare longevity data for free-ranging Australian dingoes. Researchers analyzed recapture records and mortality observations to document the lifespan of three individuals, including a female dingo tracked from 2003 until her death in 2014. Such life-history insights are critical for assessing the stability and dynamics of closed dingo populations, offering valuable conservation implications for this species of high ecological significance.
Behrendorff, L., & Allen, B. L. (2016). From den to dust: longevity of three dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) on Fraser Island (K’gari). Australian Mammalogy, 38(2), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1071/am16005
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Insects for breakfast and whales for dinner: the diet and body condition of dingoes on Fraser Island (K’gari)
Dingoes on Fraser Island (K’gari) exhibit excellent physical condition and a diverse diet, contradicting claims of starvation or poor health. Analysis of scat samples, stomach contents, and trail camera footage from 2001 to 2015 revealed that dingoes primarily consume medium-sized mammals like bandicoots, fish, and stranded marine fauna such as turtles and whales, with minimal reliance on human-sourced food. Body weights exceeded national averages, body condition scores indicated ideal-heavy physical health, and parasite loads were low. These findings challenge the need for human subsidies to improve dingo health, suggesting their diet and condition are robust and stable.
Behrendorff, L., Leung, L. K.-P., McKinnon, A., Hanger, J., Belonje, G., Tapply, J., Jones, D., & Allen, B. L. (2016). Insects for breakfast and whales for dinner: the diet and body condition of dingoes on Fraser Island (K’gari). Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23469
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Availability and uses of spatial databases for research and management of K’gari-Fraser Island
K’gari (Fraser Island) is a unique and dynamic ecosystem highly sensitive to natural and human-induced changes such as fires, cyclones, pests, and recreation. A vast archive of spatial data, collected from diverse sources including remote sensing, surveys, digitization, and crowd-sourcing, holds significant potential for monitoring and managing this delicate environment. However, the integration of these datasets—originally designed for different scales and themes—often leads to misuse. The study proposes a theoretical model to guide the effective selection and utilization of spatial data, aiming to provide deeper insights into the island's ecosystem for better research and management under climate change scenarios.
Srivastava, S. K. (2015). Availability and uses of spatial databases for research and management of K’gari-Fraser Island. Australasian Journal of Environmental Management, 22(2), 233–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2015.1028108
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