Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve


World Heritage Identification Number: 1290

World Heritage since: 2008

Category: Natural Heritage

Transboundary Heritage: No

Endangered Heritage: No

Country: 🇲🇽 Mexico

Continent: Americas

UNESCO World Region: Latin America and the Caribbean

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The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve: A Natural Wonder of the World

The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) is a unique and captivating natural wonder located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests ecoregion, on the border of Michoacán and the State of Mexico, approximately 100 kilometers northwest of Mexico City. This extraordinary site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008, recognizing its exceptional importance for biological diversity conservation.

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UNESCO Description of the World Heritage Site

The 56,259 ha biosphere lies within rugged forested mountains about 100 km northwest of Mexico City. Every autumn, millions, perhaps a billion, butterflies from wide areas of North America return to the site and cluster on small areas of the forest reserve, colouring its trees orange and literally bending their branches under their collective weight. In the spring, these butterflies begin an 8 month migration that takes them all the way to Eastern Canada and back, during which time four successive generations are born and die. How they find their way back to their overwintering site remains a mystery.

Encyclopedia Record: Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve

The Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve is a World Heritage Site containing most of the overwintering sites of the eastern population of the monarch butterfly. The reserve is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests ecoregion on the border of Michoacán and State of Mexico, 100 km, northwest of Mexico City. Millions of butterflies arrive in the reserve annually. Butterflies only inhabit a fraction of the 56,000 hectares of the reserve from October–March. The biosphere's mission is to protect the butterfly species and its habitat.

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Additional Site Details

Area: 13,551.55 hectares

UNESCO Criteria: (vii) — Contains superlative natural phenomena or beauty

Coordinates: 19.6063888889 , -100.2416666667

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Image of Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve

© Solo se puede ser libre Cuándo no se tiene nada que perder from Mexico D.F., México, CC BY 2.0 Resized from original.

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Country Information: Mexico

Flag of Mexico

Official Name: United Mexican States

Capital: Mexico City

Continent: Americas

Population (2024): 130,861,007

Population (2023): 129,739,759

Population (2022): 128,613,117

Land Area: 1,943,950 sq km

Currency: Mexican peso (MXN)

Country Data Sources

Last updated: January 18, 2026

Portions of the page Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve are based on data from UNESCO — World Heritage List Dataset and on text from the Wikipedia article Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changes made. Additional original content by World Heritage Explorer (WHE), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. WHE is not affiliated with UNESCO or the World Heritage Committee. Legal Notice. Privacy Policy.

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