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Showing 20461 – 20480 of 30345 publications

Monitoring and Real Field Data for Understanding the Structural Behaviour and Health of Historical Buildings

Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena — 2017 — WHED382CC841D

A standardized approach for analyzing data from static Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems has been developed, enabling systematic interpretation of real-time monitoring data for historical buildings. This method introduces specific descriptors to evaluate stationary or evolutionary structural conditions, contributing to the management and preservation of cultural heritage sites. Applied to the Cathedral of Modena, this multi-disciplinary, multi-analysis approach integrates field data with numerical models, enhancing the reliability of structural assessments. The study highlights the complexity of describing all possible structural responses in historical masonry monuments but demonstrates that a combination of methods yields more accurate results.

Monitoring Eradication of European Mouflon Sheep from the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2017 — WHECF467F5393

Eradicating invasive European mouflon sheep from the Kahuku Unit of Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park required a 15-year, multi-method approach that demonstrated significant challenges in scaling up ungulate control efforts. Despite initial success with aerial and ground-based removals—totaling 4,868 animals, including 261 from aerial shooting—efforts intensified dramatically in the final years, with the removal of each remaining animal requiring nearly 15 times more effort by 2013–2016. The study highlights that while ground-based methods (e.g., shooting with dogs) were most effective for large-scale removals, techniques like baiting and trapping proved ineffective for detecting small, isolated groups. Complementary active and passive monitoring, including camera traps and forward-looking infrared (FLIR)-assisted surveys, were critical in tracking the population's decline and pinpointing remaining individuals. The research underscores the logistical and operational complexities of eradicating invasive ungulates from unenclosed areas.

Monitoring ground deformation of cultural heritage sites using UAVs and geodetic techniques: the case study of Choirokoitia, JPI PROTHEGO project

Choirokoitia — 2017 — WHE8C41A6CA13

A novel approach using UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) and geodetic techniques demonstrates significant potential for monitoring ground deformation at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, exemplified by the case study of Choirokoitia. The research highlights that high-resolution data collected via UAVs, combined with precise geodetic measurements, can effectively track subtle changes in terrain, offering a scalable solution for preserving cultural heritage. This method provides a non-invasive alternative to traditional surveying, enabling real-time assessment and long-term monitoring of site integrity. The study underscores the importance of integrating advanced remote sensing technologies into conservation efforts to mitigate risks posed by environmental factors or human activity.

Monitoring of Vibrations for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage：the Case of the Summer Palace in Beijing

Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing — 2017 — WHEDC4076DCE6

Vibration levels at the Grand Stage of Beijing's Summer Palace remain below 10 mm/s², with significant correlations to visitor traffic, transportation, and weather conditions. This finding underscores the need for targeted conservation strategies that account for dynamic environmental factors. Researchers used CMG-5TCDE accelerometers to collect real-time vibration data over two years, combining this with wind speed and transportation statistics through control variable analysis and multivariate statistical methods. The study highlights how precise monitoring can inform preservation efforts for vulnerable cultural heritage sites, offering a model for balancing public access with structural integrity.

Monitoring Urban Growth and the Nepal Earthquake 2015 for Sustainability of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Kathmandu Valley — 2017 — WHEA3147BFEC6

Urban coverage in Kathmandu Valley has expanded dramatically from 20.19 km² in 1976 to 139.57 km² in 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 7.34% to 7.70%, driven by unplanned urbanization that has depleted cultivated lands and forests. This rapid expansion, analyzed using Landsat images from 1976 to 2015, shows significant urban concentration in the eastern part of the valley while exposing geological vulnerabilities that could threaten future sustainability if current trends persist. The study highlights the urgent need for strategic land-use planning and policies to mitigate environmental and cultural risks.

Monster Relics: The Giant, the Archangel, and Mont-Saint-Michel in the Alliterative Morte Arthure

Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay — 2017 — WHE7F6C97DFBE

A comparative analysis of the Giant of Mont-Saint-Michel and Saint Michael in the Alliterative Morte Arthure reveals that the episode's humor stems from narratives about the absence of Saint Michael’s bodily relics. The study suggests that a monster's corpse can also be viewed as a relic, offering new perspectives on the intersection of myth, history, and religious symbolism at UNESCO World Heritage Site Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay. Pipkin examines lines 841–1230 of the text, using historical context to explore how these themes were constructed and perceived during the medieval period.

Montmusard, Suburb of Crusader Acre: The First Stage of its Development

Old City of Acre — 2017 — WHE194C7221C4

A significant urban transformation occurred in Crusader Acre during the 12th and 13th centuries with the emergence of Montmusard, a new suburb that expanded the city's protected territory by approximately half. This expansion, facilitated by the construction of two walls, allowed for rapid urban development while retaining many features from its Arab predecessor. The first documented reference to Montmusard dates back to 1120, when Baldwin II granted land in the suburb to a monastery, highlighting its strategic and economic importance. Medieval maps illustrate that Montmusard covered around 16 hectares, ensuring both security and growth for the city.

Morphological diversification of the valley bottom with reference to lithological conditions (Orkhon River, Mongolia)

Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape — 2017 — WHE2C7E04B665

A key finding from the study of the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (Mongolia) reveals that the valley's morphological diversification is primarily driven by three critical factors: the presence of fluvial sedimentary rocks forming extensive alluvial cones, the resistance of certain rocks to erosion, and tectonic faults. These elements collectively shape the landscape's spatial characteristics along a 417 km-long section of the Orkhon River. The research leveraged existing cartographic data to construct a GIS database, enabling a detailed analysis of how lithological conditions influence erosion patterns and valley morphology.

Morphology Of Ancient Potteries Using X-Ray Diffraction Analysis And X-Ray Fluorescence In Sistan Plain, Eastern Iran

Shahr-i Sokhta — 2017 — WHE29A53363AF

Research reveals distinct morphological and compositional differences in pottery from the Sistan plain, Eastern Iran, spanning prehistoric to Islamic eras. Using semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, 52 pottery samples—collected from sites like Shahr-e Sukhteh, Dahaneh Gholaman, and Rostam castle—demonstrated unique chemical signatures compared to other regions in Sistan. Notably, Islamic-era glazed pottery exhibited silica compounds, gypsum, and aluminosilicate, highlighting the continuity of local technological practices and trade networks. The study underscores the advanced skill and knowledge of ancient potters, whose diverse production persisted from prehistory through the Islamic period, reflecting Sistan's cultural significance as a crossroads between South Asia, Mesopotamia, and Central Asia.

Morphometric characteristics of Yardangs in the Lut Desert, Iran

Lut Desert — 2017 — WHE34AFB945AE

Yardangs in the Lut Desert, Iran, exhibit distinct morphometric characteristics that reveal their evolutionary stages. Research indicates that yardangs in the central and northern regions of the desert have a length-to-width ratio close to 3.5:1, with larger sizes and heights compared to those in the southern region. This suggests further evolution in the southern areas. The study identified 132 yardangs using linear sampling along nine transects on a digital elevation model, analyzing their morphology and development processes influenced by wind and water erosion. Simple regression analysis showed strong correlations between width and length in central and northern areas, highlighting regional variations in yardang formation.

Mosquito vectors survey reveals new record of Culiseta subochrea in Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia

Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape — 2017 — WHE93B2DBC2F3

A mosquito survey in Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, reveals the first record of Culiseta subochrea, expanding the known mosquito species in the region. The study identified seven mosquito species, including important vectors like Aedes caspius and Culex pipiens. Monthly larval collections from rural and semi-urban breeding sites over one year recorded physical and chemical water parameters (pH, salinity, temperature). Cx. pipiens was the most abundant, followed by Cx. perexiguus, with mosquito populations peaking in winter and spring before declining in summer and autumn. This research updates the regional mosquito species list and provides critical data for disease surveillance and vector management programs.

Mosquitoes in the Danube Delta: searching for vectors of filarioid helminths and avian malaria

Danube Delta — 2017 — WHEC3EB0AE788

Research in the Danube Delta identifies potential mosquito vectors for filarioid helminths and avian malaria, contributing to understanding disease transmission dynamics. The study found that Culex modestus and Culex pipiens f. pipiens may serve as vectors for pathogenic Plasmodium species, including P. relictum, while Aedes vexans shows potential vector competence for mammalian filarioids like Dirofilaria repens. The investigation involved trapping 5855 mosquitoes, screening for DNA of filarial helminths and avian malaria agents using PCR techniques, and analyzing individually processed specimens near a microfilaremic dog. Although no pools tested positive for filarioid DNA, individual mosquitoes exhibited infections with D. repens and Setaria labiatopapillosa, alongside P. relictum in Cx. pipiens f. pipiens. This suggests the region's mosquito populations play a role in disease transmission, warranting further study.

Mountain environment and population in Georgia: case study of Upper Svaneti

Upper Svaneti — 2017 — WHE1C7A98695D

A survey of Upper Svaneti's population in Georgia revealed significant insights into local perceptions and priorities regarding ecological challenges. Residents identified critical environmental issues, often ranking them above socio-economic concerns, demonstrating a strong awareness of ecological problems. The study found varying levels of trust in environmental information sources and limited knowledge about national environmental policies, despite active participation in conservation efforts. These findings underscore the importance of fostering community engagement to enhance decision-making for sustainable development in mountainous regions. The research employed stratified-cluster sampling and statistical analysis using SPSS, providing a robust framework for understanding local ecological perceptions.

Movement as sacred mimesis at Abu Mena and Qal’at Sem’an

Abu Mena — 2017 — WHE795F2FCEA0

Archaeological remains at Abu Mena and Qal’at Sem’an reveal how late antique pilgrimage sites structured the movement of pilgrims, shaping their sensory experiences and the narratives they constructed. The layout of these sites, particularly the narrow passageways and terraces at Abu Mena, guided pilgrims through a prescribed path that enhanced the sacred mimesis—mimicking the journey of Saint Menas himself. This physical navigation facilitated a deeper connection to the cult of Saint Menas, one of Egypt’s most popular late antique religious centers, attracting both local and distant pilgrims drawn to the Holy Land's loca sancta.

Movement, distribution and marine reserve use by an endangered migratory giant

Ningaloo Coast — 2017 — WHEB179674587

A groundbreaking study reveals that the Ningaloo Coast is a critical year-round habitat for whale sharks (Rhincodon typus), with satellite telemetry documenting their complete return migrations to the Ningaloo Marine Park. While existing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) along Australia's west coast provide some protection, the research identifies vast unprotected areas of suitable habitat in the Timor Sea and international waters, suggesting current conservation efforts may be insufficient. The study utilized long-term tracking data and nonlinear models to predict whale shark movements, highlighting the importance of telemetry-based approaches for informing spatial management strategies for migratory species.

Muir, Roosevelt, and Yosemite National Park as an Emergent Sacred Symbol: An Interaction Ritual Analysis of a Camping Trip

Yosemite National Park — 2017 — WHE4C07A65C5C

A camping trip by John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt in Yosemite Valley in 1903 marked the emergence of the park as a sacred symbol, setting the stage for its eventual federal protection. This study applies interaction ritual theory to analyze how their shared experience generated emotional connections that influenced conservation efforts, despite later ideological disagreements, such as Roosevelt's opposition to Muir over the Hetch Hetchy Valley dam proposal. The research traces the temporal and social dynamics of this pivotal event, offering insights into how symbolic interactions can shape long-term outcomes in environmental conservation.

Multi‐analytical Studies of Archaeological Chinese Earthen Plasters: The Inner Wall of the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace, Ancient Building Complex, Wudang Mountains, China)

Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains — 2017 — WHE47FB45D95E

A multi-analytical study of the earthen plasters from the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace, Wudang Mountains) reveals sophisticated construction techniques used during the Ming Dynasty. The research identified two distinct earthen plaster layers with a whitewash finish coating, applied over a thin intermediate layer to enhance adhesion. Ramie and straw fibers were incorporated into the plasters to mitigate shrinkage and cracking during drying. The analysis, combining optical and electron microscopy, X-ray and vibrational spectromicroscopies, and thermogravimetry, indicates a well-established construction industry that integrated traditional earthen building materials with advanced lime technology. This finding underscores the ingenuity of ancient Chinese builders in adapting materials and techniques to ensure structural durability.

Multidecadal oceanographic changes in the western P acific detected through high‐resolution bomb‐derived radiocarbon measurements on corals

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2017 — WHE7368B95465

Researchers have detected significant multidecadal oceanographic changes in the western Pacific, particularly around Bikini Atoll, using high-resolution bomb-derived radiocarbon (14C) measurements on corals. The study identified three distinct early 14C spikes corresponding to nuclear tests conducted at Bikini and Enewetak atolls in 1954, 1956, and 1958. Post-1976, the data revealed that changes in the North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcation latitude, linked to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation regime shift, influenced radiocarbon differences between Palau and Guam but not between Ishigaki Island and Guam. The latter difference was attributed to mesoscale eddies in the Kuroshio area, suggesting complex oceanographic dynamics. This study highlights how bomb-derived 14C can serve as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean conditions.

Multiple 3D Approaches for the Architectural Study of the Medieval Abbey of Cormery in the Loire Valley

The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes — 2017 — WHE68DA0C8B08

A groundbreaking study of the medieval Abbey of Cormery in the Loire Valley has revealed construction elements previously unrecognized, challenging long-held assumptions about the abbey's architecture. Using a multi-scaled, diachronic approach that combines 3D modeling with traditional historical sources—such as written records, ancient maps, and iconographic documents—the research identified walls older than previously thought and provided new insights into the construction date of St Paul tower and its associated monastic church. Conducted at CITERES, this method leverages advanced 3D technology to produce detailed orthoimages and sections, offering a unprecedented level of precision in architectural analysis.

Multivocality and multiproxy approaches to the use of space: lessons from 25 years of research at Çatalhöyük

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2017 — WHE631083893F

A quarter-century of research at Çatalhöyük demonstrates that integrating multiple analytical methods—ranging from sediment micromorphology and microartefact patterning to geochemical, phytolith, and starch analyses—enhances the understanding of Neolithic spatial use. While this 'multiproxy' approach reduces interpretive ambiguity (equifinality), challenges persist in bridging macroscale and microscale data, revealing gaps in integration. The study reflects on how archaeological science evolves through reflexive methodology, emphasizing the need for cohesive multivocal approaches to uncover nuanced human behavioral inferences.