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Publications

Showing 20961 – 20980 of 30345 publications

The excavated costume of tomb for Seonseonggun(宣城君) Lee Heum(李欽, 1522∼1562)

Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty — 2017 — WHED39AA3C288

A rare and well-preserved 16th-century royal costume from the Joseon Dynasty, excavated during the relocation of Seonseonggun Lee Heum's tomb in 2008, provides unprecedented insights into mid-to-late 16th-century male attire. The discovery includes nine garments—Danryeong, Jikryeong, Dapho, Cheollik, Ackjurum, a children’s jacket, Jacket, Hansam, Jeoksam, and pants (Gaedanggo and Hapdanggo)—revealing front-short and rear-long designs with folded collars. Notably, the Cheollik emerges as a daily dress staple among male garments, while the inclusion of Dharani suggests Buddhist influences even within royal funeral rites. This study establishes a benchmark for male costume standards during this period, addressing gaps in historical documentation through meticulous analysis of dated, high-status attire.

The Expansion of Muscovy Russia and the Russian Monastery - focused on the latter’s Managerial Function in the Volga Region during the 16-17 Centuries

Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin — 2017 — WHE6ED2284136

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Russian Orthodox monasteries played a pivotal managerial role in the expansion of Muscovy Russia, particularly in the Volga Region. As Muscovy extended its territory under Ivan III, Vasily III, and Ivan IV, monasteries like the Zilantov Monastery near Kazan Kremlin expanded their economic influence, leveraging privileges granted by the Tsar to manage new lands. These monasteries acted as landlords, collecting tolls, fishing rights, and taxes on goods such as honey, wax, fish, and horses, effectively bridging central and regional economies. The study reveals that the subjugation of the Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates in 1552 and 1556 required monastic cooperation to compensate for deficient state institutions, highlighting their critical role in securing trade routes and integrating new territories into Muscovy's economic framework.

The Family of Wah-ib-Re I (TT 414) from Thebes

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2017 — WHE92B73D78E3

A previously unknown family tree of Wah-ib-Re I, buried in tomb TT 414 during the 30th Dynasty or early Ptolemaic era, has been reconstructed using data from the Austrian Mission's excavation and objects from European museums. This extended family structure provides new insights into the fine-dating of funerary objects and burial customs in Ptolemaic Thebes. The study combines archaeological evidence with museum artifacts to shed light on this significant period.

The Features of House Pattern at Walled Towns of the Hanseong Period(B.C18-A.D475) in Baekje Dynasty

Hwaseong Fortress — 2017 — WHE24B9CD2EFE

Archaeological analysis of Hanseong Period walled towns reveals distinct residential patterns that can be used to rank the importance of Fortresses. Hexagonal and pentagonal houses, larger and more complex with entrances, dominate capital cities like Pungnap Toseong and Mongchon Toseong, while square houses are prevalent in both interior and exterior Fortress areas. The ranking criteria include house shape, size, entrance presence, pottery types, and rooftiles, establishing a hierarchy from lower-ranked Soguensanseong to higher-ranked Pungnap Toseong and Mongchon Toseong. Similar patterns found outside Fortresses, such as in Hanam Misari remains and Yongin Suji Baekje dwellings, suggest consistent ranking standards across settlements.

The Ferramenta of the Oculi at Canterbury Cathedral

Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church — 2017 — WHE1419E01FAE

A groundbreaking discovery at Canterbury Cathedral reveals that the south oculus glass is supported by two layers of ironwork, representing an early form of space-frame construction. This innovative solution addressed the structural challenges posed by larger late Romanesque windows, which traditional armatures could no longer support effectively. The study assesses the significance of this technology and its potential influence across France and Germany, comparing it with subsequent developments in stone tracery. Detailed construction drawings and analysis by Rupert Austin further elucidate the assembly process of the frame.

The Fonséranes lock on the Canal du Midi

Canal du Midi — 2017 — WHE92E3BD0800

The Fonséranes Lock on the Canal du Midi, once a vital commercial tool, transitioned into a celebrated tourist attraction by the 20th century. Despite its recognition as a heritage site, its potential was underutilized due to accessibility issues, safety concerns, and inadequate infrastructure until 2015. A renovation project initiated in 2016 aimed to enhance the tourist experience through sustainable valorization, though some challenges remain unresolved. This study highlights the disconnect between promotional strategies and on-the-ground management, emphasizing the need for a more cohesive approach to heritage site preservation and tourism development.

The Forest Farms of Kandy

Sacred City of Kandy — 2017 — WHEE0C8C15001

A global analysis of forest garden farming systems, with a focus on Kandy, Sri Lanka, reveals their high productivity and sustainability as low-input, diversified agroforestry practices. These systems, prevalent across tropical regions, combine trees, palms, bushes, and vines while minimizing conventional crops or livestock. The study evaluates 30 socio-economic criteria to assess these farms' ecological and economic significance, linking them to broader agro-development and environmental challenges. Historical and archaeological evidence further highlights their role in the adoption of agricultural farming. This comprehensive evaluation provides persuasive insights into ancient agroforestry systems and their relevance today.

The Forests of the Amazon and Cerrado Moderate Regional Climate and Are the Key to the Future

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2017 — WHE924B729BB5

Tropical forests, including those in the Cerrado Protected Areas of Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks, play a crucial role in moderating regional climate by maintaining cooler surface temperatures and higher precipitation levels. Research indicates that deforestation for agricultural purposes in Brazil's agricultural frontier has led to significant regional climate change over the past 40 years, with temperature increases of up to 3℃ observed in areas like Mato Grosso state compared to forested regions such as the Xingu Indigenous Park. Additionally, deforestation in neighboring Rondônia has resulted in decreased rainfall and prolonged dry seasons. Numerical models suggest that Brazil's agricultural frontier will become warmer and drier as greenhouse gas concentrations rise, highlighting the importance of preserving tropical forests to mitigate future climate change.

The Forgotten Islands: Monitoring Tourist Numbers and Managing Tourism Impacts on New Zealand’s Subantarctic Islands

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2017 — WHE891833B2E4

New Zealand's Subantarctic Islands, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Area for their unique biodiversity and pristine landscapes, face growing tourism pressures despite limited data on visitor impacts. A recent study reveals that while tourist numbers have increased, particularly from small vessels like yachts, monitoring efforts remain fragmented, with only sporadic records since the mid-1990s. The research highlights significant gaps in understanding the environmental and cultural effects of tourism, including wildlife disruption and soil vegetation changes. Drawing on stakeholder interviews and secondary data, the study calls for a comprehensive visitor monitoring program to assess both ecological consequences and visitor experiences, aligning with the 2016 Conservation Management Strategy's recommendations.

The formation of large neoblasts in shocked zircon and their utility in dating impacts

Vredefort Dome — 2017 — WHE27887E8DAD

Researchers have discovered large neoblasts (5–100 µm) in shocked zircon at the Sudbury impact structure, marking the first such finding outside South Africa's Vredefort Dome. These neoblasts, previously only documented in mafic melt beneath impact sheets, were identified in roof rocks of the Sudbury crater, enabling dating from its upper stratigraphy for the first time. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis revealed that large neoblasts likely formed through post-impact growth in shocked zircon within slowly cooling environments, unlike smaller neoblasts linked to high-pressure conditions. This discovery suggests that similar neoblasts in lunar zircon may indicate a major basin-forming event on the Moon around 4.33 billion years ago and opens potential for linking ex situ zircon in lunar breccias to specific impact structures, improving lunar cratering record calibration.

The Foundations of an Antiquarian Literature for Islamic Architecture

Caliphate City of Medina Azahara — 2017 — WHEDBF6E09DCF

This chapter reveals how Ambrosio de Morales' antiquarian writing on Islamic architecture, particularly the Córdoba Mosque and Madinat al-Zahra (Medina Azahara), laid foundational methods for historical research. It highlights the innovative integration of literary sources, epigraphy, and archaeological analyses—such as materials like stone, brick, and mortar—to document Islamic monuments in 16th-century Spain. Morales' work sparked a methodological debate among contemporaries like Pedro Díaz de Ribas and Gregorio López Madera, challenging classical canons and shaping antiquarian discourse. The study underscores the tension between narratives of Islamic heritage and formal research frameworks, offering insights into early antiquarian practices that bridge literature and archaeology.

The Funerary Procession Scenes at Private Tombs of Post-Amarna Period in Thebes and Memphis

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2017 — WHE98630ABA21

A shift in funerary art emerged during the Post-Amarna period, marked by distinct differences between private tombs in Thebes and Memphis. This study reveals that while both sites maintained traditional elements of procession scenes, Theban tombs exhibited a more elaborate and symbolic approach, reflecting local cultural continuity, whereas Memphite tombs showed greater stylistic innovation, possibly influenced by the transition from Amarna's religious upheaval. By analyzing iconographic details and art styles chronologically, researchers identified key visual motifs that distinguished these regions, offering new insights into Egypt's post-Amarna cultural evolution.

The geotectonic evolution of Olympus Mt and its mythological analogue

The wider area of Mount Olympus — 2017 — WHEFC25987DDC

Mount Olympus, Greece's highest peak at 2918 meters, is renowned for its cultural significance as the mythological home of ancient Greek gods like Zeus. A striking parallel emerges between its geotectonic evolution and a lesser-known myth involving the giant siblings Otus and Ephialtes, who sought to stack mountains to reach Olympus. The study reveals that the geological processes shaping the region—such as the stacking of Mount Ossa on Olympus and Mount Pelion on Ossa—mirror the mythological narrative with eerie precision. While these tectonic events occurred 8–10 million years ago, long before human existence, the similarities suggest a deeper connection beyond coincidence. The research combines geological analysis with mythological interpretation to explore whether such parallels are purely coincidental or reflect an ancient understanding of Earth's dynamic processes.

The Global Warming Potential of Building Materials: An Application of Life Cycle Analysis in Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park — 2017 — WHEACBCD70B75

Traditional buildings in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal, release significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to semimodern and modern structures. A life-cycle assessment revealed that traditional buildings emit about one-fourth of the emissions of semimodern buildings and less than one-fifth of those from modern buildings per square meter of wall. While modern buildings with thermal insulation reduce long-term energy consumption for heating, their initial global warming potential remains higher due to commercial material use. Over 25 years, traditional buildings emit 20% more greenhouse gases than modern ones, underscoring the environmental benefits of using local materials like wood and stone. This study highlights the potential for reducing emissions in construction by prioritizing locally sourced materials.

The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Using good and Cooperative Governance to improve Environmental Governance of South African World Heritage sites: A Case Study of the Vredefort Dome

Vredefort Dome — 2017 — WHEC17EDE477C

Fragmented environmental governance of South African World Heritage Sites (WHS) undermines sustainability, but cooperative and good governance strategies can effectively address these challenges. A case study of the Vredefort Dome reveals that current governance frameworks, despite their complexity involving multiple legislative and institutional structures, fail to ensure cohesive and sustainable management. The research proposes actionable strategies—such as strengthened inter-agency collaboration, clearer regulatory alignment, and community engagement—to overcome fragmentation and enhance environmental stewardship. By integrating principles of good and cooperative governance, this study offers a blueprint for improving WHS conservation outcomes in South Africa.

The groundwater rise in the east of Cairo and its impact on historic buildings

Historic Cairo — 2017 — WHE1A3A43B3E9

Rising groundwater levels east of the Nile in Greater Cairo are threatening historic buildings, with geotechnical investigations revealing that foundation damages are already widespread. This phenomenon is attributed to population growth and human activities, including irrigation water use and leakage from sewer and public water networks, which recharge the underlying Pleistocene aquifer. The construction of the Aswan High Dam has further exacerbated the issue by eliminating the Nile's role as a drainage system for the Cairo aquifer. While contaminated groundwater poses additional risks to stability, detailed subsoil conditions remain poorly understood, necessitating targeted rehabilitation and dewatering techniques to preserve Cairo's valuable antiques.

The Growth and Collapse of Pacific Island Societies

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands — 2017 — WHEDF2855532E

Pacific island societies experienced significant population collapses following first contact with the West, challenging long-held assumptions about explorer accounts. This book presents new empirical data from archaeological fieldwork and historical research across nine case studies, including Te Henua Enata (The Marquesas Islands), to track long-term population histories. Contrasting teeming descriptions by early European voyagers with missionary censuses, it offers a fresh perspective on indigenous populations in the Pacific, moving beyond traditional debates about data validity.

The Guaraní and Their Missions: A Socioeconomic History

Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil) — 2017 — WHEF017C766CF

Julia Sarreal's study reveals that Guaraní Indians' collaboration with Jesuit missions was driven by rational self-interest, not coercion. Analyzing 18th-century economic data from the Bourbon period, she demonstrates that the Guaraníes joined missions for protection and material benefits, avoiding forced integration into encomienda systems. The research highlights their agency through active participation in mission councils (cabildos), which influenced policies despite secular rule's failures. Sarreal also shows that missions like Yapeyú thrived economically with yerba mate cultivation and cattle ranching until demographic shifts led to abandonment. Contrary to the image of sudden collapse, she finds a gradual decline, supported by quantitative records and maps. A minor error involves anachronistic maps referencing a 1945 lake.

The Head-hunters of the North and the Polynesian Shadow: Thor Heyerdahl’s skull-collecting act on Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, 1937

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands — 2017 — WHED4BF95DFF0

Thor Heyerdahl’s skull-collecting expedition on Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, in 1937 was framed as a heroic act of preservation and protection, reflecting the strong societal acceptance and scientific credibility accorded to craniology at the time. This study reveals how unauthorized collecting of human remains was often romanticized in travelogues, serving as both literary suspense and a testament to the collector’s bravery. The research contextualizes Heyerdahl’s actions within the prevailing conservative worldview, where skull-collecting was seen as a legitimate scientific pursuit. By analyzing historical narratives and craniology’s perceived reliability, the study sheds light on the ethical and social norms of the era, challenging modern perspectives on such practices.

The heritage of uranium mining in the German-Czech ore mountains

Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region — 2017 — WHE74B534265C

The Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region, spanning Germany and the Czech Republic, stands out for its 800-year history of polymetallic mining and pioneering uranium extraction, which significantly contributed to the Soviet nuclear power industry until the 1990s. This region's cultural heritage is unique, stemming from its technical, political, geostrategic, and social significance. However, much of the site has been systematically demolished post-closure, leaving only a few buildings that now serve administrative, cultural, and social purposes. Both countries propose this site for UNESCO World Heritage recognition due to its exceptional value.