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Synergistic and Interdisciplinary Approaches for the Conservation of Monumental Heritage: Cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy

Historic Centre of Florence — 2015 — WHE4DEC9C2765

An interdisciplinary analysis of Brunelleschi’s Cupola in Florence reveals that its structural integrity is influenced by both historical and recent environmental factors, including seismic events. By integrating extensive crack monitoring data with advanced numerical models, researchers have updated previous conclusions on damage causes, such as differential settlement and temperature variations. This study challenges long-standing hypotheses, offering a more precise understanding of the cupola’s behavior and paving the way for improved conservation strategies.

Synopsis of the hymenopteran fauna of Lord Howe Island with a preliminary checklist of species

Lord Howe Island Group — 2015 — WHE7F1CAD2855

A comprehensive survey of Lord Howe Island's hymenopteran fauna reveals 318 species from 31 families, significantly advancing the understanding of this understudied group. The study combines recent intensive sampling with historical records to provide a preliminary checklist and assesses the proportion of flightless and potentially endemic species. This research lays critical groundwork for future taxonomic and biodiversity studies on one of Australia's most iconic World Heritage Sites.

Table des figures

Simien National Park — 2015 — WHE1B0ED3814B

Simien National Park, located in Ethiopia, showcases the breathtaking natural beauty and ecological significance of the Semēn Mountains. This study highlights the park's unique landscapes, which include dramatic cliffs, alpine vegetation, and diverse wildlife, contributing to its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Through cartographic and photographic analyses, the research captures the essence of the park's environmental features, offering insights into its geological formations, biodiversity, and cultural importance. The approach combines detailed mapping with visual documentation to present a comprehensive overview of Simien National Park's natural splendor.

Tangible benefits or token gestures: does Bwindi impenetrable National Park's long established multiple use programme benefit the poor?

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2015 — WHE85D1D2997D

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park's long-standing Multiple Use Programme (MUP), designed to improve local livelihoods through non-timber forest products (NTFPs) trade, has delivered limited tangible benefits. Despite allowing access for medicine and basketry plants, as well as beekeeping, the programme restricts NTFPs extraction, capping potential income growth. Analysis of 384 households revealed that preferred NTFPs—often prohibited by park management—yielded a maximum annual household income of $119 (14% of total income), highlighting the constraints on livelihood improvement. Market surveys over a year confirmed that restrictive policies hinder broader economic benefits, leaving NTFPs' role in welfare enhancement minimal despite their significance.

Taphonomic analysis of Saurichthys from two stratigraphic horizons in the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland

Monte San Giorgio — 2015 — WHEC4F393EB3C

A taphonomic analysis of the actinopterygian fish Saurichthys from two Middle Triassic stratigraphic horizons at Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland–Italy) reveals distinct preservational differences between the Besano Formation and Cassina Beds. While both horizons exhibit specimens with moderate to high articulation and completeness, low articulation and moderate completeness are uniquely observed in the Besano Formation, suggesting contrasting environmental conditions during deposition. This variation implies that the Besano Formation's sediments experienced prolonged surface exposure, leading to increased taphonomic alteration. The study employed a scoring system for articulation and completeness across ten anatomical units to construct a taphonomic model, providing insights into the paleoenvironmental dynamics of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Tarlabaşı, Istanbul: a case study of unsustainable urban transformation

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2015 — WHE410C8AE651

Urban transformation projects, such as the municipally sponsored renewal in Tarlabaşı, Istanbul, often undermine historic, social, cultural, and economic sustainability. This study reveals that such initiatives can dismantle deeply rooted communities, displace thousands of residents, and alter the urban fabric from its original 16th-century character to a modern, homogeneous landscape. Using historic records, maps, plans, and photographs, researchers demonstrate how Tarlabaşı's transformation—replacing narrow streets and diverse buildings with glass-and-steel condominiums—has destabilized adjacent communities and exacerbated homelessness in central Istanbul. The findings highlight the broader impact of similar projects on the sustainability of historic urban areas.

Taxonomy and distribution of non-geniculate coralline red algae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) on rocky reefs from Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2015 — WHE43164AD905

A first record of the non-geniculate coralline red alga Hydrolithon reinboldii from Brazil was documented, alongside two other common species (Lithophyllum corallinae and L. stictaeforme) in Ilha Grande Bay's rocky reefs. This study identifies these algae as key structuring elements in benthic environments, contributing to ecological processes. Morphological and anatomical observations were used to describe the species and provide an identification key. The findings highlight the importance of non-geniculate coralline red algae in maintaining the biodiversity and structural integrity of rocky reef ecosystems along the Brazilian coast.

Teaching Arts Using the Project Method. Students’ Views Towards the Subject of Arts

Medieval City of Rhodes — 2015 — WHEEAB3EECD1B

A study found that employing the project method significantly enhanced students' attitudes and views towards arts education. Conducted with high school students in Rhodes, Greece, during the 2014-2015 academic year, the research involved three distinct projects: 'the traditional village of Lindos,' 'the medieval city of Rhodes,' and 'the acropolis of Filerimos.' These UNESCO World Heritage Sites served as focal points for the projects. Questionnaires administered before and after the interventions revealed a notable improvement in students' perceptions of arts, affirming the effectiveness of this teaching approach.

Technological adaptation in Grooved Ware pottery from the Ness of Brodgar, Orkney, or how to make your cordons stick

Heart of Neolithic Orkney — 2015 — WHEA393669EB0

A previously unrecognized technological adaptation in Grooved Ware pottery from the Ness of Brodgar, Orkney, reveals how Neolithic potters addressed a common issue: detached decorative cordons. Analysis of pottery sherds shows that some vessel exteriors were specially prepared to ensure cordon adhesion, a solution to a persistent problem for Late Neolithic potters in Orkney. The study employed Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) to examine these 'problem-solving' sherds, providing insights into the ingenuity and practical challenges faced by ancient artisans. This discovery sheds light on the technological sophistication of Neolithic pottery production and its cultural significance within the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

Tecniche sperimentali di campionamento di sedimenti per il monitoraggio ambientale dell'area marino-costiera Torre Annunziata-Capri

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2015 — WHEF3655C8F21

A study led by Buonocunto et al. (2015) introduces experimental sediment sampling techniques designed for environmental monitoring in the marine-coastal area of Torre Annunziata-Capri, part of the UNESCO-listed Archaeological Areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Torre Annunziata. The research focuses on the SIR 'Litorale Vesuviano' and adjacent protected zones, which include Posidonia oceanica meadows and coral reefs. The study's methodology aims to support anthropogenic activities while ensuring ecological preservation. By employing advanced sampling techniques, the authors provide a framework for monitoring sediment composition and its environmental impact, contributing to sustainable management strategies in this ecologically sensitive region.

Tel Haẓor – 2014

Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba — 2015 — WHE4AB8EBC2DF

Excavations at Tel Hazor during the 2014 season, part of the 'Selz Foundation Hazor Excavations in Memory of Yigael Yadin,' revealed significant insights into the site's layered history. Led by A. Ben-Tor and S. Zuckerman, the expedition involved an international team of researchers from diverse backgrounds, including Canada, South Africa, the U.S.A., Europe, New Zealand, and Israel. The work focused on areas M4 (north and south), M3, and A9, employing advanced surveying, drafting, photography, restoration, and registration techniques. Conducted in collaboration with the National Parks Authority within Tel Hazor National Park, the excavation aimed to uncover and analyze artifacts and structures spanning multiple historical periods, contributing to a deeper understanding of this UNESCO World Heritage Site's significance.

Temporal and spatial dietary dynamics of the longspine glassy (Ambassis ambassis) in the St Lucia estuarine system, iSimangaliso Wetland Park

iSimangaliso Wetland Park – Maputo National Park — 2015 — WHE35C4F36DE2

A significant dietary overlap was found among the longspine glassy (Ambassis ambassis) across different localities within the St Lucia estuarine system, iSimangaliso Wetland Park. This species, prominent in the system's 155 recorded fish species, has expanded its distribution following a shift to wetter conditions since 2011. The study revealed that A. ambassis links lower trophic levels, such as zooplankton and insects, with larger piscivorous predators, highlighting its vital role in the food web. Stable isotope (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) analysis and gut content analysis were used to elucidate dietary dynamics, showing seasonal variations in trophic position influenced by salinity and temperature.

Temporal Changes in Body Mass and Body Condition of Cave-Hibernating Bats During Staging and Swarming

Mammoth Cave National Park — 2015 — WHEB3F6BE6302

Research at Mammoth Cave National Park reveals significant temporal variation in body mass and condition among cave-hibernating bats, with little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and northern long-eared bats (M. septentrionalis) showing improved body condition post-exposure to white-nose syndrome (WNS). Tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) exhibited the greatest increase in body mass (42.5%) and body mass index (42.9%) before hibernation, suggesting species-specific vulnerability to WNS. The study, conducted from 2011 to 2014, captured 1,232 bats across eight species, noting a male-biased sex ratio and reduced capture success in 2014, likely due to fungal impact. Findings highlight the need for baseline data to assess WNS effects on bat populations.

Teotihuacan: Ritual Economy, Exchange, and Urbanization Processes in Classic Period Mesoamerica

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2015 — WHE2484A25A6E

Teotihuacan, the largest urban center in Mesoamerica during the Classic period (C.E. 150–650), demonstrated how a new ideology centered on fertility and militarism fostered social cohesion, expanded its exchange network across vast areas, and drove the development of a complex ritual economy. The study reveals that specialized workshops produced thousands of ritually symbolic artifacts, which circulated widely and became integral to the city's fabric. This economic system, coupled with strategic urban planning featuring high population density, sacred architecture, and ethnic barrios, sustained Teotihuacan as a metropolis of over 200,000 inhabitants for nearly half a millennium. The research highlights the interplay between ideology, trade, and urbanization in shaping one of Mesoamerica's most influential civilizations.

Terahertz meets sculptural and architectural art: Evaluation and conservation of stone objects with T-ray technology

Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier — 2015 — WHEE6B7090385

Terahertz radiation emerges as a powerful non-invasive tool for evaluating and monitoring the conservation of stone objects, offering unprecedented insights into their internal structure without causing damage. This study demonstrates its efficacy by assessing two art pieces: a medallion from the Castle of Celle and a window sill from the St. Peter Cathedral in Trier. Using terahertz spectroscopy, researchers successfully mapped internal damage states and tracked the restoration process of the window sill, highlighting its potential as a transformative method for cultural heritage conservation.

Terrace Agriculture of the Hani People – Cultural Heritage of the South-West China

Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — 2015 — WHE90E802E7E6

The Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, recognized by UNESCO in 2013, exemplifies the enduring integration of indigenous agricultural practices with natural landscapes. This study highlights how the Hani and Yi peoples have sustained terrace agriculture for over 1,300 years, preserving both cultural traditions and ecological balance. The research emphasizes the unique morphology of terraced slopes and ancient cultivation techniques that facilitate the growth of red rice, a staple crop in the region. These practices not only support sustainable agriculture but also contribute to erosion prevention and landslide mitigation. Additionally, the landscape's seasonal fluctuations and aesthetic appeal reflect a harmonious blend of human activity and natural beauty, symbolizing the ethnic minorities' way of life and associated ritual customs.

Terrace Sequences of the Sikhote-Alin River Valleys (Conditions of Formation; Age; Correlation)

Central Sikhote-Alin — 2015 — WHE05232EEC57

Research reveals that the Central Sikhote-Alin region exhibits distinct tectonic asymmetry, with greater erosion on its eastern slope compared to its western side. This asymmetry, along with regional uplift (up to 300 meters) and subsidence at margins, shapes the formation of river terraces. The study identifies seven Pliocene-Quaternary terraces, influenced by sea-level changes in coastal zones and local river system rearrangements. Relics of a Late Miocene river system were also discovered among valley landforms. These findings highlight the dynamic geological processes shaping the region's landscape.

Terrestrial gastropods of Srebarna Nature Reserve, North-Eastern Bulgaria (Gastropoda)

Srebarna Nature Reserve — 2015 — WHE8E3C4A1487

A pioneering investigation into the terrestrial gastropod fauna of Srebarna Nature Reserve, North-Eastern Bulgaria, revealed 27 species, with 23 representing new observations for the site. This study marks the first comprehensive assessment of land snails in this UNESCO-listed wetland, providing critical data on biodiversity within a protected area. Researchers employed extensive field surveys across 23 localities to document species diversity and distribution patterns. The findings highlight the reserve's ecological significance as a habitat for diverse gastropod communities, contributing valuable baseline information for conservation efforts.

Terrestrial snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada

Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai’pi — 2015 — WHE3565572529

A survey of terrestrial snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada, revealed limited biodiversity in these arid, rocky environments. The study, conducted through hand-picking and litter sampling at five sites along the Milk River's cliffs and hoodoos, confirmed that the snail fauna in such hostile habitats is depauperate. This research contributes to the understanding of molluscan diversity in the Great Plains of Alberta, an area less studied compared to other regions like the Rocky Mountain Foothills or boreal forests.

Test monitoring of the Centennial Hall’s dome, Wroclaw (Poland)

Centennial Hall in Wrocław — 2015 — WHE22EC2094A0

A novel monitoring programme for the Centennial Hall’s dome in Wrocław, Poland, has been developed to assess its structural integrity using optical methods. Preliminary results indicate measurable displacements in the lower tension ring, providing critical insights into the dome's stability over time. This approach combines non-destructive testing with dynamic measurement techniques, offering a robust framework for long-term monitoring of historic structures. The findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance to preserve architectural heritage, particularly for iconic landmarks like Centennial Hall, which is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.