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Publications

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Somatic Growth Rates of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) and Hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Galápagos Islands

Galápagos Islands — 2015 — WHEE6F83D9ED4

A study of Galápagos green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) reveals persistently slow growth rates, with estimates suggesting 133–200 years for green turtles to reach sexual maturity from a carapace length of 40 cm. This research, conducted between 2003 and 2008 at four key foraging sites in the Galápagos Islands, confirms that growth is significantly influenced by color morph, body size, and spatial variation, mirroring findings from a late-1970s study. The study also provides novel data on hawksbill growth rates, marking the first such information for this species in the archipelago. By analyzing recapture intervals, body measurements, and site-specific factors, researchers established a baseline to assess habitat quality changes over time.

Some Elements of Antiquity in Representation of Mountains in Georgian Painting of the 12th and 13th Centuries

Gelati Monastery — 2015 — WHE3E9CFE8A44

A novel interpretation of mountain imagery in Georgian medieval art reveals deeper cosmological and philosophical meanings. The study identifies two distinct representations: mountains with immense roots, symbolizing cosmological elements, and anthropomorphic mountains, potentially linked to Neo-Platonic thought. These interpretations are drawn from murals at Gelati Monastery (13th century) and other Georgian churches, challenging conventional stylistic analyses. The research employs a comparative approach, examining visual motifs alongside historical and philosophical contexts, particularly the influence of Ioanne Petritsi's Neo-Platonic studies at Gelati.

Some Initial Observations on a Building Excavated on Fabrika in Nea Paphos in Cyprus by the Australian Archaeological Mission

Paphos — 2015 — WHE162DE4E330

Recent excavations on Fabrika hill in Nea Paphos, Cyprus, reveal a substantial post-medieval stone building constructed from materials repurposed from the ancient theatre's ruins. This structure suggests industrial activity, potentially linked to the hill's name, and underscores the need for further investigation into its function and the urban dynamics between Fabrika and the theatrical precinct during Hellenistic and Roman periods. The study highlights gaps in understanding Nea Paphos' recent history and calls for a reassessment of this area's significance.

Sophie Page. Magic in the Cloister: Pious Motives, Illicit Interests, and Occult Approaches to the Medieval Universe.

Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine's Abbey, and St Martin's Church — 2015 — WHEB599F0153B

Medieval monks at St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, were not the demon-worshipping figures often depicted but instead engaged with natural and theurgic magic, as revealed by a reconstructed 14th-century manuscript collection. This study challenges historical narratives by demonstrating that the abbey's library contained no explicitly demonic texts, but rather works focused on astrology, alchemy, and spiritual revelation—practices justified within a scholarly-monastic framework. While evidence of actual usage is limited, the research suggests that such texts were likely employed for private rituals or practical purposes like locating lost property. The study also hints at St. Augustine's as a potential haven for occult experimentation, though this aspect remains underexplored.

Soswaewon and Villa d'Este Garden Iconography and Contemporary Aesthetic Interpretation

Villa d'Este, Tivoli — 2015 — WHEB55C2AFB50

A comparative iconological analysis of Sosaewon (Korea) and Villa d'Este (Italy) reveals interconnected philosophical, mythological, and cultural meanings despite their geographical separation. Both gardens, constructed in the mid-16th century, reflect the socio-political influences of their eras through spatial design and symbolic elements. Sosaewon's layout adheres to Taoist principles, particularly Mu-yi-gu-gok, emphasizing natural integration and poetic beauty, while Villa d'Este incorporates mythological references like 'The Choice of Hercules' to symbolize the builder's status and philosophical intent. The study highlights how both gardens manipulate natural features—such as terraces, axes, and water—to serve aesthetic and symbolic purposes, offering insights into postmodern interpretations of garden iconography.

Soundscape planning for the Xianghe Segment of China’s Grand Canal based on landsenses ecology

The Grand Canal — 2015 — WHEC14EDEDDDF

A soundscape planning approach for the Xianghe Segment of China’s Grand Canal (XSCGC) was developed, integrating acoustic and visual landscapes to enhance human sensory experience. The study identified key characteristics of the acoustic environment using noise monitoring data from EIoT sensors, revealing critical areas such as university campuses and residential zones with high sensitivity to traffic noise. A traffic noise control model was proposed to mitigate these issues, alongside a comprehensive soundscape plan based on landsenses ecology, aiming to elevate the overall quality of the XSCGC’s auditory environment. This work offers a novel framework for urban landscape design by prioritizing both visual and acoustic dimensions, addressing gaps in traditional planning approaches.

Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina: Are harmful algal blooms to blame?

Península Valdés — 2015 — WHE60AF357ED8

A concerning increase in southern right whale calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina—with 90% of deaths occurring in calves under three months old since 2005—may be linked to harmful algal blooms (HABs). Research identifies a statistically significant correlation between the density of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and calf deaths, though no such link was found with the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Evidence of whale exposure to HAB toxins includes trace levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA) in tissue samples, as well as Pseudo-nitzschia frustules in fecal matter. The study analyzed multiple datasets, including biotoxin levels, algal abundances, shellfish harvesting closures, prey availability, and satellite chlorophyll data, to assess the potential role of HABs in these mortalities.

Spatio‐temporal isotopic signatures ( δ 13 C and δ 15 N ) reveal that two sympatric West African mullet species do not feed on the same basal production sources

Saloum Delta — 2015 — WHE991B205C45

A study on the Saloum Delta, Senegal, reveals that two sympatric mullet species, Mugil cephalus and Mugil curema, exhibit isotopic niche segregation despite occupying similar trophic levels. Analysis of δ13C and δ15N signatures in muscle tissues showed that while both species share comparable nitrogen isotopic compositions—indicating a shared trophic level—their distinct carbon isotopic compositions suggest they do not rely on the same basal production sources or, if they do, not in equal proportions. This finding provides the first evidence of such segregation within the Mugilidae family, offering insights into potential resource partitioning among limno-benthophageous species in hypersaline estuaries.

Special aspects of water use in Persian gardens

The Persian Garden — 2015 — WHE86256BB9EE

Persian gardens, renowned for their cultural and aesthetic significance, demonstrate remarkable water efficiency despite Iran's arid climate. This study highlights the multifaceted role of water in these gardens, where it serves not only as a life-sustaining element but also as a source of mental comfort and technical functionality. Water structures such as basins, streams, creeks, and fountains contribute to the garden's aesthetic appeal while providing practical benefits like humidity regulation. The research employs qualitative analysis to explore how water's various attributes—life, brightness, cleanliness, light, inertia, and motion—enhance human emotional well-being and mental comfort. By examining traditional Persian garden designs, the study underscores their ingenious adaptation to water scarcity, offering insights into sustainable landscape practices.

Special Report on the Importance of Palmyra

Site of Palmyra — 2015 — WHE082B0D3A18

Palmyra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world's most significant archaeological sites, faces severe threats from conflict. The report highlights its cultural importance while documenting recent destruction during ISIL control (May 2015). Combat-related damage was confirmed at key structures like the Citadel and Temple of Bel, with unconfirmed reports suggesting airstrikes also impacted the site. Despite limited verified damage, the study underscores Palmyra's vulnerability to both deliberate destruction by extremist groups and collateral harm from military operations. The research relies on video documentation, eyewitness accounts, and official reports (DGAM) to assess the extent of losses.

Species turnover of corticolous bryophyte assemblages over 15 years in an Australian subtropical cloud forest

Gondwana Rainforests of Australia — 2015 — WHE6EF6588A7F

A 15-year study of corticolous bryophyte assemblages in the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia World Heritage Area reveals significant species turnover, particularly among liverworts (43–62%), despite limited changes in overall species richness. Liverwort communities exhibit strong spatial patterns linked to orographic moisture exposure from south-easterly winds, suggesting microclimatic factors drive their assemblages more than mosses. The study posits that temporal fluctuations in moisture inputs from orographic clouds—undetectable via precipitation records—are likely responsible for the observed directional changes in liverwort communities. This research highlights the vulnerability of subtropical cloud forests to climatic shifts and underscores the need for long-term ecological monitoring.

Spontaneous flora of the Rila Monastery (Bulgaria)

Rila Monastery — 2015 — WHEEB70CC7E78

A study of the spontaneous flora at Rila Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bulgaria, identified 110 vascular plant species across 43 families and 94 genera. The research, conducted between 2008 and 2012, revealed that most species were native perennials (hemicryptophytes), with notable species like Sclerochloa dura and Plantago major. The distribution of these plants was influenced by ecological factors such as soil moisture, light exposure, and human activity. Additionally, anemochoric woody species (Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, etc.) were found colonizing the monastery's structures, posing risks to its conservation.

SSHM and DSHM for a better knowledge and risk prevention of historical buildings: The cases of the Two Towers in Bologna and the Cathedral in Modena

Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena — 2015 — WHEAF1E980C54

A standardized approach for interpreting structural monitoring data of historical buildings has been developed, enabling better risk assessment and preservation. This method defines specific reference quantities from recorded time series to characterize structural responses, which can be compared across similar monuments. Applied to the Cathedral of Modena and the Two Towers in Bologna, the study demonstrates how Static Structural Health Monitoring (SSHM) and Dynamic Structural Health Monitoring (DSHM) provide critical insights for cultural heritage safeguarding. Preliminary DSHM results from the Asinelli Tower further highlight the potential of this approach for dynamic analysis.

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and dietary reconstruction through the life course at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, Turkey

Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük — 2015 — WHEA4CB2D78B9

Dietary practices at Neolithic Çatalhöyük varied significantly across the life course, with distinct dietary transitions marking key developmental stages. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis revealed that neonates reflected maternal diets during pregnancy, infants were breastfed until around 18 months of age, and weaning occurred by three years. Older children consumed different foods compared to adolescents and young adults, who in turn differed from middle-aged and older adults. Notably, no sex-related dietary differences were observed, suggesting that life-course transitions rather than gender influenced food consumption patterns at Çatalhöyük.

Stable Isotopes and Zooarchaeology at Teotihuacan, Mexico Reveal Earliest Evidence of Wild Carnivore Management in Mesoamerica

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2015 — WHE508FFB6C72

Research at Teotihuacan, Mexico, provides the earliest evidence of wild carnivore management for ritualistic purposes in Mesoamerica, predating historical accounts by nearly 1000 years. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of bones and teeth from nearly 200 carnivorous animals, including eagles and felids, reveals that some were fed a maize-based diet, indicative of captivity. Skeletal pathologies further support this finding, showing signs of infectious disease and injuries consistent with captive conditions. This study challenges previous assumptions about the timing and extent of carnivore management in the region, offering new insights into the social and ritualistic significance of these animals during the construction of the Moon and Sun Pyramids (A.D. 1-550).

Staging the Past: Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle in Divided Germany during the 1970s and 1980s

Margravial Opera House Bayreuth — 2015 — WHE30FEA0CA71

Stagings of Richard Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen in divided Germany during the 1970s and 1980s served as a cultural lens, reflecting and shaping national identity debates and historical memory, particularly regarding the Nazi past. Three productions—Joachim Herz’s Leipzig Ring (1973–1976), Patrice Chéreau and Pierre Boulez’s Bayreuth centennial Ring (1976), and Ruth Berghaus’s Frankfurt Ring (1985–1987)—revealed distinct interpretations of Wagner’s work in the GDR and FRG. Herz’s production framed the Gibichung court as a fascist allegory, while Chéreau and Boulez’s staging mirrored anxieties about revolutionary movements post-1968. Berghaus’s Frankfurt Ring, blending epic theater and textual analysis, highlighted Cold War tensions. The study demonstrates how opera stagings both responded to and influenced societal discourses on history and identity.

Stand Structure, Diversity and Regeneration Status of Woody Species in Open and Exclosed Dry Woodland Sites around Molapo Farming Areas of the Okavango Delta, Northeastern Botswana

Okavango Delta — 2015 — WHE5B85DDDE84

Alarmingly, 71% to 85% of woody species in open and exclosed dry woodland sites around Molapo farming areas of the Okavango Delta exhibit hampered regeneration, signaling unhealthy population structures. This study, conducted across three sites (Island Safari, Shorobe, Xobe), recorded 47 species, with Fabaceae and Combretaceae being the most diverse families. Acacia emerged as the dominant genus. Stand structure analysis revealed mean densities ranging from 2629 to 4271 individuals per hectare, while diversity indices (Shannon) were below 2.2, with evenness values around 0.5–0.6. Species like Colophospermum mopane and Dichrostachys cinerea were consistently prominent, but their regeneration status is critically compromised. The research underscores an urgent need to investigate the causes of this decline and implement measures for natural or artificial regeneration to sustain biodiversity in these UNESCO-listed wetlands.

Statuette di gladiatori in terracotta da Pompei

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2015 — WHEC8BE3100DF

Five terracotta statuettes of gladiators have been discovered in Pompeii, offering new insights into the representation and possible symbolic significance of gladiatorial imagery in Roman culture. While some scholars suggest these figurines may have been gifts exchanged during the Saturnalia festival, this study proposes an alternative interpretation: that they likely depict gladiatorial combats, akin to those found in wall paintings, stucco reliefs, and marble carvings from the era. The research draws on comparative analysis of known visual representations of gladiators, examining both form and context to challenge existing hypotheses about the purpose and function of these small-scale terracotta figures.

Status of the Principal Statue of Sakyamuni in Seokguram Grotto and Suggestions

Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple — 2015 — WHEFCAF5EF33E

Despite its status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the principal statue of Sakyamuni in Seokguram Grotto has not fully realized its potential due to the lack of established nomenclature and narrative structure. This study identifies the need for enhancing the statue's value by re-evaluating its originality and archetype through comparative analysis with general Buddha statues. Using a descriptive approach based on preceding research, it suggests that interdisciplinary collaboration, including government-led initiatives, is crucial for restoring the statue's significance. The study also draws parallels with successful World Heritage Sites like Shangri-La to propose strategies for increasing fame and economic value.

Step over the gap, not in it: a Case Study of Iranian Sistan Archaeology

Shahr-i Sokhta — 2015 — WHEC6023414B0

A significant gap in occupation evidence between the collapse of Shahr-i-Sokhta (second millennium BCE) and the emergence of Dahan-e-Ghlaman (sixth century BCE) in Iranian Sistan has been identified. This study introduces a novel survey method using remote sensing and GIS techniques to interpret environmental characteristics, offering insights previously obscured by traditional archaeological methods. By leveraging high-resolution satellite technology with thermal and infrared capabilities, researchers can pinpoint potential sites of interest up to a meter deep, revealing invisible impacts of human-environment interactions. The approach bridges interdisciplinary fields such as environmental science, hydrology, and archaeology, providing a more comprehensive understanding of this understudied period in Iranian history.