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Publications

Showing 25801 – 25820 of 30315 publications

A 426-year drought history for Western Tian Shan, Central Asia, inferred from tree rings and linkages to the North Atlantic and Indo–West Pacific Oceans

Western Tien-Shan — 2013 — WHE56B691AA0C

A 426-year drought history for Western Tian Shan, Central Asia, reveals significant correlations between regional drought patterns and global oceanic systems. The study reconstructed the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from tree rings of Picea schrenkiana, identifying distinct dry and wet periods with a strong regional signal validated by split-sample testing. Notable droughts occurred in 1614–1628, 1700–1722, and 1973–1988, while wetter conditions prevailed from 1580–1613 and 1989–present. The reconstruction also highlights spectral peaks at 2–5, 60.2, and 213 years, suggesting periodic drought cycles. Crucially, the study links these drought variations to sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic and Indo–West Pacific Oceans, implicating westerly circulation and tropical ocean-atmosphere systems in Central Asian moisture dynamics.

A Bayesian chronology for Great Zimbabwe: re-threading the sequence of a vandalised monument

Great Zimbabwe National Monument — 2013 — WHEF2758FA97A

Great Zimbabwe's construction likely began between the late 12th and early 13th century AD, with its peak during the 14th and 15th centuries, though occupation persisted into the 16th or possibly 17th century. This Bayesian chronology, integrating radiocarbon dates, stratigraphic data, and imported artifacts, challenges earlier assumptions about the site's timeline. The study suggests overlapping occupation with Mapungubwe, supporting a polycentric model of sociopolitical complexity in southern Africa during this formative period.

A Comparative Study of Space Characteristics of Chinese Summer Palace and Korean Changdeokgung Palace Garden from the Aspect of Horizontal Tablet

Changdeokgung Palace Complex — 2013 — WHEEA6301306F

A comparative analysis of the Chinese Summer Palace and the Korean Changdeokgung Palace Complex reveals distinct cultural and philosophical influences embedded in their horizontal tablets. While the Summer Palace's tablets emphasize landscape characteristics—such as natural surroundings, phenomena, and scenic views—they also deepen spatial meaning through literary expressions. In contrast, Changdeokgung's tablets reflect Confucian ideals, underscoring moral, ethical, and scholarly values that shaped palace architecture and garden design during its era. This study highlights how horizontal tablets serve as cultural artifacts, physically connecting architectural elements while symbolizing the cognitive and ideological frameworks of imperial palaces. The findings expand our understanding of how such sites integrate philosophical concepts into their spatial design.

A Comparison of Scan and Focal Sampling for the Description of Wild Primate Activity, Diet and Intragroup Spatial Relationships

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2013 — WHEAB45331D5D

Research on black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Palenque National Park, Mexico, reveals that different behavioral sampling methods yield varying insights into primate activity, diet, and social dynamics. While group scan sampling and instantaneous focal individual sampling generally provided comparable data on activity and diet, they exhibited biases—such as overestimating social interactions or time spent moving. Proximity data collection methods also differed; group proximity scans mirrored spatial patterns, whereas focal nearest neighbor samples better captured real-time social influence. These findings underscore the need for careful method selection in primate studies to ensure accurate comparisons across research.

A Conservation Management Plan for Gordion and its Environs

Gordion — 2013 — WHE46F51F2B40

A Conservation Management Plan for Gordion, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Turkey, reveals significant risks to its archaeological integrity, particularly from deep ploughing by local farmers. This multidisciplinary effort, involving the University of Pennsylvania and Middle East Technical University, surveyed 140 km² around Gordion, including villages, historic sites, settlement mounds (höyüks), and burial mounds (tumuli). The study documented public and private buildings using standardized forms and photographs, reassessing the site's values and proposing an action plan to mitigate damage. A key focus was raising awareness among local stakeholders about the destructive impact of agricultural practices on tumuli, ensuring long-term preservation.

A Cross-Sectional, Randomized Cluster Sample Survey of Household Vulnerability to Extreme Heat among Slum Dwellers in Ahmedabad, India

Historic City of Ahmadabad — 2013 — WHEB4F49F4A24

A study conducted in Ahmedabad, India, identified key factors increasing vulnerability to extreme heat among slum dwellers, including age, preexisting medical conditions, work location, and access to health information. The research used a cross-sectional household survey with randomized multistage cluster sampling to assess heat exposure, susceptibility, and adaptive capacity during summer 2011. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between these factors and self-reported heat illness, suggesting targeted interventions—such as health education—could mitigate vulnerability in urban slum populations. The findings highlight the need for surveillance and evaluation of future public health strategies to address growing climate-related risks.

A DNA Genealogy Solution to the Puzzle of Ancient Look-Alike Ceramics across the World

Ban Chiang Archaeological Site — 2013 — WHEE00F3338D8

A striking similarity in ceramic styles and figurines across four ancient cultures—Trypillia-Cucuteni (Eastern Europe), Ban Chiang (Thailand), Yangshao (China), and Anasazi-Mogollon (North America)—has been linked to shared Aryan (R1a) genetic ancestry. The study, analyzing 38 ceramic indicators, found that 45% matched across these cultures, along with the common use of the swastika symbol, suggesting a connection through Aryan migrations between 5500 and 3000 years before present. While Aryan migrations in Eurasia are well-documented, this hypothesis extends their influence to the Americas, supported by R1a haplotype data among Native Americans that does not contradict the proposed link.

A Generic Augmented Reality Telescope for Heritage Valorization

Paris, Banks of the Seine — 2013 — WHEF68C7331AC

An innovative augmented reality telescope has been developed to enhance the exploration and valorization of heritage sites, addressing challenges posed by globalization. This generic, ergonomic, modular system allows tourists to access detailed heritage information through a panoramic view with optional zooming features. Tested in Paris along the Seine River, the telescope demonstrates its practical utility and adaptability for global deployment. The design prioritizes user-friendly interaction while maintaining scalability and extensibility, offering a novel solution for preserving cultural identity through immersive technology.

A Glimpse into Ancient Thebes: Excavations at South Karnak (2004-2006)

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis — 2013 — WHE9467BC2B15

Excavations at South Karnak, part of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes, revealed significant insights into the evolving urban landscape and religious architecture from the late New Kingdom (12th–11th century BCE) through the Late Period (7th–4th century BCE). A large-scale mud-brick building was identified, suggesting a complex functional shift in this section of the city. The study analyzed architectural remains and ceramic evidence to trace how the area's role changed over time, particularly its relationship with the neighboring Mut temple. This research sheds light on the dynamic nature of ancient Thebes, offering new perspectives on its urban planning and religious significance during pivotal periods.

A Guide to Taxila

Taxila — 2013 — WHE754545D3BA

A comprehensive guide to the ruins of Taxila, this work reveals significant insights into the historical and topographical significance of the site. Led by Sir John Marshall, a renowned British archaeologist, the book combines detailed excavation findings with illustrative figures, a glossary of technical terms, and an extensive bibliography. It provides a concise yet thorough exploration of Taxila's architectural groups and their contents, offering valuable context for anyone interested in archaeology or the history of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A History of Mining in Latin America: From the Colonial Era to the Present

City of Potosí — 2013 — WHEBD030DAB2A

Mining in Latin America, from the colonial era to the present, has played a pivotal role in shaping global capitalism and regional economies. The discovery of silver in the New World enriched Spain and fueled international trade, while modern mining provided essential industrial minerals. However, this economic boom often came at a cost, leaving behind environmental damage and widespread health issues among miners. Kendall W. Brown's study, focusing on Potosí and Bolivia, reveals that while mining launched boomtowns and regional trade networks, it also perpetuated abusive labor practices such as the mita system and debt peonage. The research combines historical narrative with archival data to highlight the complex legacy of mining, which includes both economic development and social exploitation. Brown's findings underscore the dual nature of mining—its potential for prosperity versus its enduring consequences on communities and environments.

A la moda ilustrada o a la vieja usanza nobiliar. Viviendas del clero capitular burgalés en el siglo XVIII

Burgos Cathedral — 2013 — WHEBBA5041FA2

A study of probate inventories from the clergy of Burgos Cathedral in the 18th century reveals stark contrasts in lifestyle, material culture, and ideological profiles among members. Some clergy adhered to traditional aristocratic customs, while others embraced more modern, Enlightenment-inspired practices associated with a middle-class, progressive mindset. This research sheds light on the evolving social dynamics within the ecclesiastical hierarchy during this period, illustrating a divide between conservative and progressive sensibilities. The analysis of these inventories provides a unique window into the material and ideological shifts occurring among the clergy, reflecting broader societal changes in 18th-century Spain.

A land of red castles: consolidating the Teutonic Order’s state in the fourteenth century

Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork — 2013 — WHE6550B223E1

The Teutonic Order's state in fourteenth-century Prussia, centered around the Castle of Marienburg (Malbork), developed as a unique medieval entity blending papal and imperial structures. This study reveals that while the Order's governance was embedded in traditional medieval frameworks, it functioned with distinct characteristics, particularly in its military campaigns against Lithuania and its role in colonization and trade. The research synthesizes over a century of scholarship, focusing on settlement patterns, castle hierarchies, and resource exploitation to understand the Order's political and economic integrity. It also explores the ideological shift following Lithuania's Christian conversion and union with Poland, challenging the Order's crusading purpose.

A large herbivore triggers alternative successional trajectories in the boreal forest

Anticosti — 2013 — WHECC6002F495

A 15-year study on Anticosti Island, Quebec, reveals that deer herbivory can trigger alternative successional trajectories (AST) in boreal forests. The research found that while palatable species like paper birch and certain herbs recovered after logging, woody regeneration was dominated by white spruce, and grasses became abundant in the field layer. This suggests that even limited browsing during early succession may lead to distinct climax states, with late-successional broadleaf species and balsam fir remaining rare. The study compared exclosures built immediately after logging with those constructed eight years later, demonstrating lasting legacies of herbivory on plant composition.

A List of the Butterflies of Ujung Kulon National Park, Java, Indonesia

Ujung Kulon National Park — 2013 — WHE38B5362AB7

A comprehensive survey of butterfly species in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia, identified 101 species during recent fieldwork conducted in 2005, 2006, and 2010. This brings the total recorded butterfly diversity in the park to 177 species, providing an updated and expanded inventory for this UNESCO World Heritage Site. The study compared these findings with previous records, highlighting the significance of Ujung Kulon as a biodiversity hotspot. The research relied on direct collection and observation data, offering a detailed baseline for future ecological studies in the region.

A long-term survey of Posidonia oceanica fish assemblages in a Mediterranean Marine Protected Area: emphasis on stability and no-take area effectiveness

Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve — 2013 — WHED9801B7527

A complete fishing ban within the Scandola Marine Reserve (Corsica, Northwestern Mediterranean) effectively restores target fish stocks and enhances the stability of fish assemblages in Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds. Unlike partial restrictions, this approach positively impacts species richness and density while maintaining higher temporal stability, contrasting with findings from rocky reefs where wandering predators may disrupt seagrass fish communities. The study employed annual underwater visual censuses over a long-term series to assess these effects, revealing that no-take zones are crucial for both biodiversity conservation and ecological stability in Mediterranean marine protected areas.

A Mississippian conflagration at East St. Louis and its political-historical implications

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site — 2013 — WHEBEBE2C3559

A single, large-scale conflagration destroyed a cluster of up to 100 small buildings or huts within the walled ritual-residential zone of East St. Louis, part of the Precolumbian civic-ceremonial precinct near present-day Cahokia Mounds, around a.d. 1150–1200. This event likely represented a ritual commemoration rather than an act of aggression or accidental fire, as suggested by circumstantial evidence. The fire marked a turning point in the social and political history of Greater Cahokia, coinciding with a decline in mound construction and the disappearance of key ritual-residential structures from the regional landscape. Researchers analyzed architectural remains and historical patterns to link this conflagration to broader shifts in Mississippian society.

A Mobile Application for Virtual Heritage and UGC Public Sharing

Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing — 2013 — WHED20B1D90C3

A mobile application for virtual heritage, utilizing 4D visualization and location-based services (LBS), successfully bridges the gap between professional heritage documentation and public engagement. This innovation enables dynamic, tempo-spatial storytelling of UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Beijing's Summer Palace, enhancing on-site experiences through iOS compatibility while fostering interaction via user-generated content (UGC). The Re-yuangmingyuan program demonstrates how such technologies can revolutionize heritage conservation by facilitating real-time dialogue between managers and the public. While implementation challenges persist, this approach sets a precedent for leveraging modern tech to preserve and share cultural narratives globally.

A monument, identity and nationhood: the case of the Old Bridge of Mostar

Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar — 2013 — WHE25D6D5A22E

Cultural heritage, though universally significant, is often targeted during armed conflicts due to its dual 'national' and 'international' nature. This study examines the destruction of the Old Bridge of Mostar, a symbol of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to illustrate how such monuments become pawns in broader political and legal struggles. The research argues that while cultural property holds immense international value, its perceived national significance can lead to its deliberate destruction, highlighting a tension between national identity and international preservation efforts. The approach involves analyzing the bridge's historical and symbolic importance alongside its role in conflicts, offering insights into the fragility of heritage sites amid geopolitical tensions.

A Multi‐Method Database of the Black and White Marbles of G öktepe (Aphrodisias), Including Isotopic, EPR , Trace and Petrographic Data

Aphrodisias — 2013 — WHEB4D520ABE2

Aphrodisias' Göktepe quarries yielded some of the most prized marbles used during Roman times, particularly from the early second century AD. A multi-method database analyzing 160 samples—white, black, and bichrome—from 13 quarries and two waste deposits revealed distinct isotopic, EPR, trace, and petrographic characteristics for white marbles, which exhibit fine grain, low EPR intensity, and high strontium concentration. While their isotopic values resemble those of Carrara marble, they are tightly grouped and indicative. Black marbles, with weaker metamorphic overprints, show analytical similarities to white marbles but also notable differences, complicating provenance determination without petrographic support. This study highlights Göktepe's significance in ancient trade and craftsmanship.