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A natureza de um sólido: desfazendo-se no ar

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea — 2013 — WHEEE580F7CC7

This article reveals that Rio de Janeiro's architectural response to the brutalist trend (1955–75) was nuanced, blending technical rigor with a delicate integration of concrete and landscape. Focusing on architect Edison Musa's 1967 Colégio Stella Maris—perched atop Morro Dois Irmãos—the study demonstrates how brutalism's raw materiality dissolved into the city's exuberant surroundings, creating a harmonious fusion of ocean, forest, mountain, and built form. Unlike São Paulo's dominant technical brutalism or Lucio Costa's formalist modernism, Musa's work embodied a hybrid approach, influenced by Le Corbusier, Wright, Neutra, and Tange, while adapting to Rio's terrain and climate. The research employs close analysis of the Stella Maris design to challenge the narrative that Brazilian brutalism was purely a São Paulo phenomenon, instead positioning it as a dialogue between materiality and place.

A new basal actinopterygian fish from the Late Ladinian of Monte San Giorgio (Canton Ticino, Switzerland)

Monte San Giorgio — 2013 — WHE2F3C9D708E

A new basal actinopterygian fish species from the Late Ladinian period has been identified at Monte San Giorgio, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Switzerland. This discovery provides critical insights into the Redfieldiiformes group, a freshwater fish family whose presence in Europe remains debated due to limited fossil evidence. The specimen, found in Meride Limestone, exhibits unique morphological traits such as a single branchiostegal plate, an enlarged suboperculum, and distinctive scales, which challenge previous assumptions about this group's distribution. The study highlights the significance of Monte San Giorgio's fossil record in unraveling the evolutionary history of early actinopterygian fishes.

A new endemic species of Manihot (Euphorbiaceae s. str.) from the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, Brazil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2013 — WHE9971F6A7DA

Researchers have identified and described Manihot kalungae, a new endemic species of the genus Manihot (Euphorbiaceae) from the grasslands of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Brazil. This discovery contributes to the understanding of biodiversity in the Cerrado biome, particularly within the remarkable Manihot sect. Peltatae, characterized by distinctive leaf morphology. The study employed morphological traits to classify the species and provides a key for identifying other members of this section. The narrowly endemic nature of M. kalungae underscores its ecological significance and the need for conservation efforts in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A New Eriospermum (Ruscaceae) From Northern Namaqualand, Richtersveld, South Africa

Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape — 2013 — WHE9FB741B827

A new species of Eriospermum, named E. aridicola, has been identified in the arid mountains bordering the Orange River near Sendelingsdrif, South Africa. This discovery highlights its close relationship with E. namaquanum but distinguishes it through its unusually large leaf and unique habitat niche. The species appears to be endemic to this region, suggesting significant biodiversity within the UNESCO-listed Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape. The study employed detailed morphological analysis, including a line drawing, to characterize the new taxon. This finding contributes to our understanding of plant diversity in one of the world's most ecologically significant areas.

A new Ingolfiellid (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Ingolfiellidae) from an anchialine pool on Abd al Kuri Island, Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

Socotra Archipelago — 2013 — WHE44DCA9A152

Researchers have identified and described a new species of Ingolfiellid amphipod, Ingolfiella arganoi, from an anchialine pool on Abd al Kuri Island in the Socotra Archipelago. This discovery fills a significant gap in the geographical distribution of the family, which was previously unknown in the western shore of the Indian Ocean. The new species exhibits morphological similarities to Ingolfiella xarifae from the Maldives, suggesting close affinities. The study is based on the examination of two specimens, a male and a female, providing valuable insights into the biodiversity and evolutionary relationships within this group of shallow marine interstitial crustaceans.

A new non-mammaliaform eucynodont from the Carnian-Norian Ischigualasto Formation, Northwestern Argentina

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2013 — WHE5942C50D5C

A new small eucynodont, a non-mammaliaform cynodont, has been identified from the Carnian-Norian Ischigualasto Formation in northwestern Argentina. This discovery enriches the diverse fossil record of the region and provides insights into the evolutionary history of cynodonts during this period. The new taxon is characterized by distinct morphological features, including an extended palatal process of the premaxilla and a unique postorbital bar angle. Phylogenetic analysis places this genus within Probainognathia, more derived than Probainognathus but closely related to Ecteninion and Trucidocynodon. The study proposes a new clade, Ecteniniidae, which represents the sister-group of Prozostrodontia. Additionally, it highlights that the Scaphonyx-Exaeretodon-Herrerasaurus biozone in Ischigualasto exhibits similar cynodont diversity to contemporaneous zones in Southern Brazil, challenging previous assumptions about biogeographical patterns during this time.

A New Orchid Genus, Danxiaorchis, and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Tribe Calypsoeae

China Danxia — 2013 — WHE6E996E31C9

Researchers have identified a new orchid genus, Danxiaorchis, discovered on Danxia Mountain in Guangdong, China. This discovery, supported by phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data, reveals that the orchid represents an independent lineage within the tribe Calypsoeae of the subfamily Epidendroideae. The study employed Bayesian inference to analyze a dataset combining nuclear internal transcribed spacer, chloroplast matK, and rbcL gene fragments from 74 orchid genera, including 13 from Calypsoeae. The analysis strongly supports the division of Calypsoeae into four clades with 13 subclades (genera), aligning with its phytogeography. Danxiaorchis is distinguished by unique labellum features and cylindrical, fleshy seeds, placing it alongside Yoania under the subtribe Yoaniinae.

A New Record in a Well-Established Population ofOctopus hubbsorum(Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) Expands its Known Geographic Distribution Range and Maximum Size

Archipiélago de Revillagigedo — 2013 — WHE27F2281DD0

Researchers document a new record of Octopus hubbsorum, expanding its known geographic distribution to include Bahía Magdalena on Mexico's Baja California peninsula. This discovery extends the species' range further north into temperate zones and significantly increases its maximum recorded size (1020 mm total length, 220 mm mantle length, 3705 g weight). The study confirms a well-established population in this region, providing critical insights for fishery management and conservation efforts. Observations were conducted in intertidal and subtidal zones up to 30 meters deep, leveraging field surveys and morphological measurements to validate the findings.

A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo)

Gunung Mulu National Park — 2013 — WHE9D29FB4B77

Researchers have identified a new species of frog, belonging to the genus Leptolalax, within Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo). This discovery was made through morphological analysis, distinguishing it from previously described species such as Leptolalax dringi and Leptolalax gracilis. The new species exhibits unique traits including a large body size, rounded snout, bipartite subgular vocal sac in males, basal toe webbing, and a distinctive advertisement call with high-frequency modulation. This finding highlights the biodiversity richness of Gunung Mulu National Park and contributes to our understanding of amphibian diversity in Borneo.

A new species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Río Abiseo National Park, Peru

Río Abiseo National Park — 2013 — WHEC9EE25CF92

Researchers have identified a new species of Pristimantis frog within the Río Abiseo National Park, Peru. This discovery, documented through morphological analysis, highlights distinctive features such as a broad, fleshy snout process and unique coloration patterns, including rusty reddish-brown dorsum with lighter blotches or tannish-brown chevrons. The new species differs significantly from its closest relative, P. phoxocephalus, in size, presence of dentigerous processes on the vomers, inner tarsal folds, heel tubercles, and groin mottling. Specimens were collected at elevations ranging from 2650 to 3000 meters, with adult females measuring 24.9–34.2 mm and males 15.3–23.5 mm in snout-vent length. This finding contributes to the biodiversity documentation of the Río Abiseo National Park.

A new species of shrew-opossum (Paucituberculata: Caenolestidae) with a phylogeny of extant caenolestids

Sangay National Park — 2013 — WHEA4F61BF844

Researchers have identified a new species of shrew-opossum, Caenolestes sangay, within Sangay National Park, Ecuador. This discovery expands the known diversity of northern shrew-opossums (Caenolestes), which are endemic to the northern Andes. The new species is characterized by distinctive morphological features, including a large major palatine foramen and a diastema between teeth I4 and C. Phylogenetic analysis suggests C. sangay is closely related to C. caniventer. The study highlights the region's high biodiversity but also underscores threats from habitat fragmentation due to road construction and land conversion. Limited sampling on the eastern Andes slopes restricts a full understanding of its distribution, emphasizing the need for further research in this understudied area.

A new species of Terrisswalkerius (Megascolecidae, Megascolecinae, Oligochaeta) from the Wet Tropics of Queensland

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2013 — WHEB4759C363A

Researchers have identified a new species of earthworm, Terrisswalkerius leichhardti, within the Wet Tropics of Queensland. This discovery contributes to the understanding of biodiversity in one of Australia's UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The study provides a revised generic definition for Terrisswalkerius and includes a key to distinguish species within this genus. The research likely involved morphological analysis, as is common in taxonomic studies, to characterize the new species based on physical traits.

A New Species of the Genus Eugorgia (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from Mesophotic Reefs in the Eastern Pacific

Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection — 2013 — WHE0D33EC0190

Researchers have identified a new species of octocoral, Eugorgia siedenburgae, from the mesophotic reefs off Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection. This discovery, made using submersible technology at Hannibal Bank—a seamount near Panama—highlights the biodiversity of understudied deep-reef environments (40–150 m). The species is distinguished by its bushy, multiplanar, bicolored colony and unique sclerite characteristics, expanding the known diversity of the genus Eugorgia to 13. The study employed morphological analysis and scanning electron microscopy to document this fragile yet critical component of mesophotic ecosystems.

A new, giant platypus,Obdurodon tharalkooschild, sp. nov. (Monotremata, Ornithorhynchidae), from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Australia

Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte) — 2013 — WHE44C3EB3700

Paleontologists have identified the largest known platypus, Obdurodon tharalkooschild, from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area in Australia. This extinct species, the fourth of its kind and the second found at Riversleigh, challenges previous assumptions about the evolutionary lineage leading to modern platypuses by exhibiting unique molar morphology suggesting a diet focused on crushing hard prey rather than cutting. The discovery also implies that the Two Trees fossil deposit, containing several unique taxa, may be younger than previously thought—potentially late Miocene or Pliocene—filling a gap in the fossil record for ornithorhynchids. The study combines detailed morphological analysis to reveal insights into monotreme evolution and the temporal context of Riversleigh's fossil deposits.

A Newly Conserved Plafond Painting En riches the Old Town of Tallinn

Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn — 2013 — WHEEEEF4B0C75

A meticulously conserved 17th-century plafond painting, previously exposed to deteriorating environmental conditions for over a decade, has been restored in Tallinn's Old Town at the Rahukohtu 5 building. This restoration enriches the historical narrative of Tallinn's ceiling panelling while addressing the challenges of preserving diverse historical layers within the same space. The study provides insights into the conservation strategies employed, balancing the mural's integrity with its surrounding architectural context. Researchers Hilkka Hiiop and Eva Tammekivi, drawing from their expertise in art history and conservation, highlight the significance of this painting as a cultural heritage asset, offering a model for managing simultaneous preservation efforts in historic urban environments.

A Photo-elicitation Approach to Exploring the Place Meanings Ascribed by Campers to the Ningaloo Coastline, North-western Australia

Ningaloo Coast — 2013 — WHEDD3C3F3CBA

A novel meaning of 'everybody's happy' emerges from campers' experiences along the Ningaloo Coast, revealing the affective dimensions of place attachment, particularly for families and social groups. This finding advances understanding of how remote coastal environments foster joy, bonding, and well-being through marine activities, escape, and shared experiences. The study employed photo-elicitation—providing participants with digital cameras to capture their perceptions—followed by in-depth interviews, offering a unique lens on the emotional and social significance of coastal recreation. This approach highlights both the rewards and paradoxes of isolation in managing coast-based tourism, providing critical insights for conservation and visitor experience strategies.

A phylogenetic approach towards understanding the drivers of plant invasiveness on Robben Island, South Africa

Robben Island — 2013 — WHE00B580EC48

Invasive plant species on Robben Island, South Africa, exhibit greater phylogenetic distance from native species, supporting Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. However, this pattern is also observed in randomly generated communities, suggesting that invasion success may be driven more by species traits or a combination of evolutionary history and traits rather than phylogeny alone. The study used extensive flora sampling and reconstructed phylogenies using DNA barcode regions (rbcLa and matK) to analyze native and invasive floras at two scales. These findings have implications for managing invasions and rehabilitating native diversity on the island.

A Pile of Stones? Preah Vihear as a Thai Symbol of National Humiliation

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2013 — WHE112E4EAD7F

Preah Vihear, an ancient temple on the Cambodia-Thailand border, serves as a potent symbol of national humiliation for Thailand. Research reveals that Thai discourse surrounding the temple, particularly during the 1962 international court case that awarded sovereignty to Cambodia, frames it as part of a broader narrative of Western imperialism and historical defeats. Newspaper and archival materials show how Thai media linked the temple's loss to past territorial losses, such as the 1946 cession of four provinces and the Franco-Siamese crisis of 1893. Conversely, Cambodian leaders countered by associating Thai claims with Siamese imperialism. The study highlights that Preah Vihear's significance lies not in its religious or architectural importance but in its role as a powerful icon in national humiliation discourse.

A pilgrimage to Arawān: Religious legitimacy, status, and ownership in Timbuktu

Timbuktu — 2013 — WHE2C4CFE17B7

Northern Mali's prolonged drought and conflict have spurred a significant shift from genealogical to territorial conceptions of status, hierarchy, and ownership. This study highlights how the pilgrimage to Arawān, north of Timbuktu, reflects evolving notions of religious legitimacy, social status, and land rights among descendants of a regional saint. The research reveals that these changes are not only driven by environmental and political instability but also by the recent discovery of oil in the area, which further complicates issues of ownership and belonging. By analyzing this pilgrimage, the study underscores the transition from traditional, infinite hierarchical structures to more exclusive, territory-based systems rooted in indigeneity.

A poem in a medium not of words: Music, dance and arts education in Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan

Santiniketan — 2013 — WHE9D4261EF06

Rabindranath Tagore's arts education philosophy at Santiniketan, rooted in Romantic and Upanishadic principles, challenges utilitarian approaches by emphasizing the concept of 'surplus'—a non-utilitarian value. The study reveals that his vision, centered on music, dance, and arts, remains more aligned with progressive education ideals than contemporary high modernism. While Santiniketan's current arts departments have diverged from Tagore's original ideals, his aesthetic and educational philosophy continues to offer relevant insights for liberal arts education. This analysis traces the evolution of these departments while highlighting Tagore's enduring influence on education.