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Showing 3241 – 3260 of 15962 publications

The Yugoslav Peoples Before 1918

Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian — 2025 — WHE24A8C24A71

A historical analysis reveals that the division of the Roman Empire in AD 285, initiated by Emperor Diocletian, established a lasting cultural and religious boundary in the Balkan peninsula. This boundary, running from the Adriatic coast to the confluence of the Drina and Sava rivers, separated regions that later adopted Eastern Orthodox Christianity (Cyrillic alphabet) from those adhering to Roman Catholicism (Latin alphabet). The study traces this divide's enduring influence on the Yugoslav peoples, despite subsequent historical changes like Ottoman occupation. It highlights how Diocletian's legacy, including his palace in Split, shaped the cultural landscape of the region, offering insights into modern differences between Western (Slovenes and Croats) and Eastern (Serbs and Macedonians) Yugoslav groups.

Thebes versus Hattusha: two different ways of understanding time at the end of the Bronze Age

Hattusha: the Hittite Capital — 2025 — WHE0936289A4B

At the end of the Bronze Age, two ancient civilizations—the Hittite Empire centered at Hattusha and the Ramesside monarchy of Egypt—employed distinct time-keeping systems that reflected their climatic and sociological contexts. While Egypt's civil calendar aligned with seasonal rhythms after centuries of adaptation, evidence suggests the Hittites used a lunar-based system with potential intercalary months to synchronize with seasons, though its exact pattern remains unclear. This study contrasts these calendars, proposing that the Hittite system may have collapsed with the abandonment of Hattusha in the early 12th century BC, whereas Egypt's endured, evolving into the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The research synthesizes scarce Hittite data alongside Egyptian sources to highlight divergent approaches to time, offering insights into their cultural and environmental influences.

Thematic analysis and characterisation to support climate vulnerability assessments of cultural World Heritage

Red Fort Complex — 2025 — WHE5F0D5302C8

A novel thematic analysis framework has been developed to systematically group UNESCO World Heritage Sites by their cultural values, enabling more efficient climate vulnerability assessments. This approach, demonstrated using 49 sites across South Asia—including globally recognized ones like the Red Fort Complex and Taj Mahal—identifies eight standardized thematic groups and 71 region-specific sub-themes, validated against international heritage categories. The framework accelerates risk evaluation by grouping properties with similar characteristics, threats, or geographic co-location, offering practical management strategies for policy and site conservation. Beyond climate adaptation, it provides a transferable tool for broader heritage management applications.

Thermography Applied to Old Masonry Constructions

Tower of Hercules — 2025 — WHEFB4B8EDFE0

Infrared thermography emerges as a powerful, non-invasive tool for diagnosing structural pathologies in historical masonry, offering critical insights into material deterioration without physical contact. This study demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying hidden elements, moisture infiltration, and thermal bridges—key factors in the degradation of cultural heritage sites like the Tower of Hercules. By combining terrestrial and aerial thermography, including drone-mounted cameras, researchers captured hard-to-reach areas with high accuracy. The findings underscore the importance of optimizing camera parameters and environmental conditions to enhance measurement precision, ultimately contributing to preventive conservation strategies for UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Threats and Opportunities for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use in the Buffer Zones of National Parks in the Brazilian Cerrado

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2025 — WHEE052D149B1

Eleven of the 15 buffer zones surrounding national parks in Brazil's Cerrado biome are identified as high to very high priority for conservation actions, with the Serra da Bodoquena, Emas, Canastra, and Brasília parks ranking highest. The study, using multicriteria analysis methods like the analytic hierarchy process and weighted linear combination, highlights severe ecological connectivity losses (up to 44.5%) in buffer zones such as Grande Sertão Veredas, Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba, and Serra das Confusões between 2012 and 2020. The research emphasizes the need for targeted conservation efforts in the northern Cerrado, where natural vegetation remains relatively intact, while promoting sustainable land use practices in the more densely occupied southern regions.

Three Graves in Red Square, Moscow

Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow — 2025 — WHE3FD4BD5138

A rare glimpse into the gender dynamics of early Soviet Russia emerges from an analysis of three women buried in Red Square's necropolis between 1917 and 1924, contrasting them with a woman who was not. This study reveals how these ten women—out of over five hundred interred—were uniquely honored, challenging traditional stereotypes about women's roles in post-revolutionary society. By examining funeral practices through a gendered lens, the research fills a significant gap in historical studies, which have largely overlooked or marginalized female perspectives. The approach combines biographical analysis with comparative case study methods, offering new insights into the intersection of politics, gender, and memory in the formative years of Soviet Russia.

Three million ringed birds on the Curonian Spit (Baltic area) and ten thousand results on their migration routes: a brief overview, statistics and examples

Curonian Spit — 2025 — WHEFC0EFEA5DB

Over six decades of bird ringing on the Curonian Spit, spanning from 1956 to 2020, has yielded unprecedented data, with 3.2 million birds from 202 species ringed and over 10,000 reports of distant recoveries for 99 species. This extensive dataset provides critical insights into migration routes along the White Sea-Baltic flyway, revealing patterns in migratory connectivity, population dynamics, and demographic trends. Despite its significance, this research was notably excluded from the Eurasian-African Bird Migration Atlas due to non-scientific reasons. The study highlights the effectiveness of ringing as a tool for tracking long-distance migrants while also addressing challenges such as declining recovery rates. It underscores the importance of long-term monitoring in understanding migratory behavior and population changes.

Three new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama, with a note on asexual reproduction by prolification in Pleurothallidinae

Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park — 2025 — WHED00E040DB3

Researchers have identified three new species of Pleurothallis orchids—P. matrisilvae, P. pridgeoniana, and P. winkeliana—from the Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves in Costa Rica and Panama, distinguished by their prolific vegetative growth and unique morphological traits. These species exhibit asexual reproduction through prolification, where new ramicauls develop from floral meristems, either constitutively or under stress conditions. P. matrisilvae resembles P. bothros but features thinner ramicauls, longer flower segments, and black flecks on reproductive structures. P. pridgeoniana, similar to P. vinealis, is characterized by smaller yellow flowers with rose-purple suffusion and a triangular-ovate lip without a central sulcus. P. winkeliana mirrors P. longipetala but differs in broader, cordate leaves and a pendent lip perpendicular to the column. The study highlights the diversity of Pleurothallidinae orchids in high-altitude, humid environments.

Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques

Prambanan Temple Compounds — 2025 — WHE15C61A1284

A novel approach combining architectural pattern design (APD) with multi-sensor techniques demonstrates high accuracy in 3D digital documentation of the Prambanan Temple cluster. The study achieved millimeter- to centimeter-range precision using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), aerial close-range and terrestrial-mode photogrammetry, and nadiral Lidar/photogrammetry. Point cloud data integration and validation confirmed the effectiveness of this method for complex heritage documentation. These findings provide a robust foundation for future structural vulnerability assessments and conservation strategies, addressing the site's instability due to its location near the Opak Fault and Mount Merapi.

Tidal Zonation Shapes Microbial Communities and Sediment Properties in a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Gomso Bay, Korea)

Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats — 2025 — WHE0F88949807

Tidal zonation significantly shapes microbial communities and sediment properties in Gomso Bay, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats. Research reveals distinct spatial variations along the intertidal gradient, with inner zones featuring finer sediments, higher organic carbon (TOC), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and metal concentrations, while outer zones exhibit coarser sediments with lower values. Microbial composition varies, with aerobic organisms dominating high tidal flats and anaerobic taxa prevailing in low tidal flats. Chemolithotrophs thrive in the inner zone, whereas heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria are more abundant in the outer zone. The study used sediment sampling, chemical analysis, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to confirm that tidal exposure drives these ecological patterns, underscoring the complexity of intertidal ecosystems.

Title Pending

Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus — 2025 — WHE824ED8489F

A critical review of Chilehaus: Atacama/Hamburg, an exhibition curated by Alfredo Thiermann, Pedro Correa, Ella Neumaier, and Xavier Nueno, reveals the architectural significance and cultural impact of the UNESCO-listed Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus. The exhibition, held at the Heritage Gallery in Santiago, Chile from September 27, 2024 to January 26, 2025, explores the intersection of modernist architecture, heritage conservation, and urban identity. Through a comparative analysis of Chilehaus's design in Hamburg and its counterparts in the Atacama region, the study highlights the enduring influence of expressionist architecture on global cultural landscapes. The research employs qualitative methods, including visual and textual analysis, to assess the exhibition's role in shaping public perception of architectural heritage.

To nie jest muza. Rola klientki w domu Rietveld Schröder

Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) — 2025 — WHEBFD5D6575C

A groundbreaking case study challenges traditional narratives by highlighting the active role of female patron Truus Schröder in shaping the Rietveld Schröder House, a seminal work of modern architecture. This research shifts focus from the celebrated architect Gerrit Rietveld to Schröder’s agency and influence, offering a template for re-evaluating similar collaborations between female patrons and architects. The study employs qualitative analysis, drawing on historical documents and archival materials to reconsider gendered dynamics in architectural design. Originally published in 1996, this essay has since been republished in significant works, underscoring its enduring relevance in architectural discourse.

To sjøfartsnasjoner, to sjøfartsmuseer: Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum og National Maritime Museum i sammenligning

Maritime Greenwich — 2025 — WHE5776D35833

A comparative analysis of the establishment of Norsk Sjøfartsmuseum (Norwegian Maritime Museum) and National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, reveals divergent paths in achieving national museum status despite shared historical contexts. While the National Maritime Museum secured its status through state legislation in 1934, reflecting strong institutional support and stateliness, the Norwegian counterpart remained outside formal recognition as a national maritime institution, despite persistent advocacy efforts. This discrepancy is attributed to differences in national identity narratives, international influences, and the political prioritization of maritime heritage. The study, based on historical documents from 1914–1939, employs qualitative methods to dissect how these factors shaped the museological trajectories of both institutions.

Tour guides as co-creators of memorable tourism experiences: Perceptions from tour guides at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe

Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls — 2025 — WHE138C867ECB

A study identifies thirteen core competencies that tour guides at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, perceive as essential for co-creating memorable tourism experiences (MTEs), including entertainment skills, flexibility, cultural knowledge, and emotional intelligence. These competencies vary across gender, marital status, and work experience, with male and single guides exhibiting a broader range of abilities. The findings highlight the need for targeted training programs to enhance tour guiding quality and destination competitiveness, offering practical insights for policy and capacity-building in tourism.

Tourism Growth and Environmental Degradation in Agra Zone: A Critical Review of Geographical Dimensions

Agra Fort — 2025 — WHE686AFE3278

A critical review reveals that tourism growth in the Agra Zone, home to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort, has significantly exacerbated environmental degradation over the past 20 years. The study, analyzing data from 2010 to 2023, demonstrates a rapid and uneven increase in visitor numbers, closely linked to heightened environmental stress. Key findings include severe water quality deterioration in the Yamuna River, escalating traffic congestion and pollution, poor solid waste management (with non-biodegradable litter dominating near monuments), and detrimental air pollution affecting marble structures. While regulatory measures like the Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) mitigate some impacts, the research underscores a pressing need for systematic efforts to balance tourism benefits with ecological sustainability and historical preservation. Spatial analyses using GIS maps highlight regional variations in challenges, emphasizing the urgent requirement for coordinated conservation strategies.

Tourism impacts and well-being in heritage tourism: the role of discrete emotions and site sustainability characteristics

Petra — 2025 — WHE6EDD5FFC67

International visitors' perceptions of tourism impacts at Petra, Jordan, significantly influence their emotions and intentions to recommend the site. Positive experiences, such as happiness, love, and contentment, enhance evaluations of the site's sustainability and overall travel well-being, while negative emotions like anger or unpleasantness diminish these perceptions. The study, using cognitive appraisal theory (CAT) and the PERMA model, analyzed data from 1531 visitors to reveal that better sustainability perceptions and higher well-being directly contribute to positive recommendations for heritage sites. These findings underscore the importance of balancing tourism impacts with sustainability efforts to foster visitor satisfaction and long-term site preservation.

Tourism management of World Heritage Sites. Perspectives on 10 years of integration of the University of Coimbra, Alta and Sofia in the UNESCO list

University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia — 2025 — WHE7C34BDF051

A decade after the University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, research identifies four critical challenges shaping its tourism management: strategic positioning across sectors, urban competitiveness enhancement, stimulation of local industry and entrepreneurship, and leveraging the UNESCO designation for international recognition. The study employs a Delphi technique within the quadruple helix model, engaging 23 stakeholders from public authorities, academia, private sector, and civil society over three rounds to assess impacts and strategies for adaptation, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Findings underscore the need for cohesive strategies to align with evolving visitor expectations while capitalizing on global heritage status. This approach offers a novel framework for managing tourism at World Heritage Sites, though its single-site focus limits broader applicability.

Tourism Research on the Cultural Heritage of the Imperial City of Hue, Vietnam

Complex of Hué Monuments — 2025 — WHE874504A064

The Imperial City of Hue, Vietnam's sole ancient capital with fully preserved royal architecture, presents a unique challenge and opportunity for sustainable tourism integration. This study identifies the critical need to balance the preservation of its rich cultural heritage—encompassing material structures like palaces, intangible traditions, and scenic landscapes—with its potential as an international tourist attraction. Through a structured analysis, the research evaluates Hue's current tourism landscape, highlighting both achievements in heritage protection and areas requiring improvement. It proposes targeted strategies to stimulate tourism demand while ensuring sustainable development, offering actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. The approach combines historical context with practical solutions, aiming to leverage Hue's cultural value without compromising its integrity.

TourismMinds: A Geo-augmented LLM Framework for Semantic-aware Trajectory Analytics and Generation

Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement — 2025 — WHECAE092F435

A groundbreaking LLM-driven framework, TourismMinds, achieves state-of-the-art performance in semantic-aware trajectory analytics and generation for tourism. By integrating GPS, social media, POI, and weather data through a five-stage spatiotemporal-semantic alignment pipeline, the model reduces hallucinations by 15% and boosts geographic reasoning accuracy. It introduces geo-spatially aware LoRA fine-tuning and hierarchical Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), enhancing intent recognition by 15% and landmark identification to 72% accuracy. The framework also demonstrates 89% similarity in generating spatially plausible, personalized trajectories compared to real-world data, even in data-scarce settings. Validated using Kulangsu's smart tourism system, this approach offers a scalable solution for personalized services and decision-making in digital tourism.

Tourist Behavioural Patterns: Readiness for Sustainable Travel Choices

Rila Monastery — 2025 — WHECF5D16842B

Tourists visiting Rila Monastery show varying degrees of awareness and adherence to responsible tourism practices, with willingness to make sustainable choices influenced by factors such as cost and convenience. A survey-based study found that while many visitors express support for sustainability principles, actual behavior often lags behind these intentions. Notably, a significant portion would consider paying more for eco-friendly services if they were clearly linked to preserving the site's cultural and environmental integrity. This research highlights the gap between pro-sustainability attitudes and practices, providing empirical data to guide strategies for promoting responsible tourism in Bulgaria's UNESCO-listed destinations.