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Showing 16581 – 16600 of 30345 publications

Fine Scale Assemblage Structure of Benthic Invertebrate Megafauna on the North Pacific Seamount Mokumanamana

Papahānaumokuākea — 2019 — WHEB360651BCF

A study of the seamount Mokumanamana in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument reveals high beta-diversity in benthic megafaunal assemblages, driven by species substitution along depth gradients and between different sides of the seamount. The research, conducted using the AUV Sentry across 200–700 m depths, identified nine distinct megafaunal assemblages dominated by sponges, corallimorpharians, cup corals, and benthic ctenophores, with abundance and diversity increasing with depth. Environmental factors such as sediment composition, oxygen levels, substrate variability, and surface currents were found to correlate with these assemblage differences, suggesting that microhabitat heterogeneity on seamounts promotes unique biodiversity patterns often overlooked in broader-scale studies. These findings underscore the importance of fine-scale sampling for conservation management and ecological understanding of seamount ecosystems.

Fire caused demographic attrition of the Tasmanian palaeoendemic conifer Athrotaxis cupressoides

Tasmanian Wilderness — 2019 — WHE67339CE760

Increasing lightning-ignited fires are causing significant demographic decline in the Tasmanian palaeoendemic conifer Athrotaxis cupressoides, with a 2016 fire killing 68% of stems and exacerbating poor regeneration rates. Research across its range revealed that burnt stands had higher grass cover, greater exposure to hot winds, and lower juvenile presence compared to unburnt areas. While island populations showed less fire impact but also poorer seedling survival, suggesting other factors limit regeneration. The study highlights the vulnerability of this iconic species despite protection under the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area, emphasizing the need for proactive management strategies such as seed banking, restoration planting, and fuel load reduction to mitigate climate-driven fire risks.

First camera survey in Burkina Faso and Niger reveals human pressures on mammal communities within the largest protected area complex in West Africa

W-Arly-Pendjari Complex — 2019 — WHEBCE64CBF4A

A first-of-its-kind camera survey in Burkina Faso and Niger reveals that human activities, particularly livestock grazing and resource gathering, significantly impact mammal behavior within the W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) Complex, the largest protected area in West Africa. While these pressures did not affect species richness or composition, they notably reduced mammal activity, with wild ungulates showing the greatest sensitivity to livestock presence. The study highlights the complex interplay between human and natural systems, shifting the WAP's conservation mandate from nature protection alone to a dynamic coupled ecosystem approach.

First description of subglacial megalineations from the late Paleozoic ice age in southern Africa

Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes — 2019 — WHE2FAECA95C6

Researchers have uncovered evidence of subglacial megalineations from the late Paleozoic ice age (LPIA) in the Twyfelfontein area of northern Namibia, providing new insights into ancient glacial dynamics. These asymmetric megawhalebacks, ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 km in length, suggest a paleo-ice flow directed northwestward, indicating the presence of an ice stream within the proto-Huab River valley. This discovery supports the existence of major terrestrial glacial outlet systems during the LPIA, comparable to modern Antarctic ice streams, and aligns with sedimentary records from southern Brazil. The study employed field observations and geospatial imagery analysis, followed by a geomorphometric assessment, to reconstruct the paleo-ice flow patterns and infer the extent of glacial activity in southern Africa.

First Molecular Characterization of Linguatula recurvata (Pentastomida) and First Record in Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) from Calakmul, Mexico

Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche — 2019 — WHE187FE44B64

Researchers report the first molecular characterization of Linguatula recurvata (Pentastomida) and its record as a parasite in Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) from Calakmul, Mexico. The discovery highlights a rare host-parasite interaction, with nymphs found in the liver, mesentery, and small intestine of an adult male tapir. This is only the second documented case of pentastomid parasitism in tapirs. The study used morphological and molecular analyses, including mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequencing, to confirm the species identification. These findings contribute to understanding the parasitic dynamics in tropical ecosystems and the conservation biology of endangered species like Baird's tapir.

First record of a basal mammaliamorph from the early Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2019 — WHEAF7FC8309A

Researchers have identified Pseudotherium argentinus, a new basal mammaliamorph cynodont from the early Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation in Argentina. This discovery provides critical insights into the evolutionary path leading to mammals and Mammaliaformes. The study utilized high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) to analyze the well-preserved skull of Pseudotherium, revealing unique features such as an elongated but uncoiled cochlea and turbinal-like bones in the nasopharyngeal passage. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Pseudotherium may be closely related to Tritylodontidae or lie within Mammaliamorpha, though relationships remain uncertain due to limited fossil data. The study highlights the need for more complete specimens and broader CT datasets to clarify these evolutionary relationships. The CT dataset of Pseudotherium argentinus is publicly available under a Creative Commons license.

First record of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão state, northern Brazil

Lençóis Maranhenses National Park — 2019 — WHE829736BCB5

Researchers document the first confirmed presence of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil, marking its initial record in the state of Maranhão. This invasive species, known for its destructive impact on ecosystems, poses significant threats to native biodiversity, particularly through predation of endangered turtle nests. The study employed field observations and data collection within the park's boundaries to establish this novel occurrence, highlighting the urgent need for ecological monitoring and conservation efforts in protected areas.

First records of Mimon cozumelae Goldman, 1914 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve in northeastern Honduras

Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve — 2019 — WHE7982F8F943

Researchers document the first confirmed presence of the Cozumel fruit-eating bat (Mimon cozumelae) within the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Honduras. This discovery extends the species' known range by over 500 km northeastward, providing critical data for conservation efforts in this UNESCO-listed tropical rainforest. The study employed field surveys and digital treatment of taxonomic records to validate the identification, contributing to a broader understanding of bat diversity in Mesoamerica's lowland forests.

First Report and Preliminary Evaluation of Cassava Root Necrosis in Angola

Mbanza Kongo, Vestiges of the Capital of the former Kingdom of Kongo — 2019 — WHED644230E97

A preliminary survey conducted near the Democratic Republic of Congo border in northern Angola, specifically in Zaire province and Mbanza Kongo territory, has confirmed for the first time the presence of cassava root necrosis similar to Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD). This discovery extends the known range of CBSD, which has been spreading across Africa since 2012. The study involved field surveys in multiple localities, identifying symptoms consistent with CBSD, despite prior attempts to isolate the pathogen in western DRC failing. The findings suggest a potential threat to cassava production in Angola, a critical staple food for millions.

First report of lepidopteran insects from the Trang An Landscape Complex, Ninh Binh Province, with two new country records

Trang An Landscape Complex — 2019 — WHE6884775D49

A comprehensive survey of lepidopteran insects in the Trang An Landscape Complex, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam, reveals 167 species, including 62 butterflies and 105 moths. Among these, two species—Celerena signata and Nygmia plana—are documented for the first time in Vietnam, expanding the country's lepidopteran biodiversity record. The findings are based on field surveys conducted between 2017 and 2018, providing a foundational dataset for future ecological studies in this ecologically significant region.

First reports of giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and greater naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous tatouay) for the Iguaçu National Park, Paraná, Brazil, with notes on all xenarthran

Iguaçu National Park — 2019 — WHEA365992D1F

A groundbreaking camera trap study in Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, has documented the presence of two previously unreported xenarthran species: the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and the greater naked-tailed armadillo (Cabassous tatouay). This long-term monitoring effort, conducted across the park and its buffer zone, confirms the occurrence of four xenarthran species in this critical southern Brazilian refuge. The findings significantly expand knowledge on giant anteaters' habits within INP while providing the first photographic evidence for both species in the region. Such data are crucial for understanding biodiversity patterns and informing conservation strategies at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

First Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira – three new terricolous species of Spelobia and Pullimosina

Laurisilva of Madeira — 2019 — WHE6C348FF12D

Researchers have identified three new species of Sphaeroceridae (Diptera) endemic to Madeira, namely Spelobia polymorpha sp. nov., Pullimosina (Pullimosina) kesoni sp. nov., and P. (P.) dorae sp. nov. These terricolous species are inhabitants of the leaf-litter stratum in the original Madeiran laurel forests (Laurisilva), distinguished by their poor flying ability, which confines them to the island. Notably, these species exhibit no close relatives among endemic Sphaeroceridae in other Macaronesian archipelagos, such as the Canary Islands and Azores, where endemic genera differ significantly. The study describes both sexes of these new species, provides illustrations, and discusses their relationships, biology, and distribution. This discovery highlights the unique biodiversity of Madeira's laurisilva ecosystems.

Fish Species Composition, Distribution and Conservation in the Wuyi Mountains, China

Mount Wuyi — 2019 — WHE2AB36D46A0

A comprehensive survey of fish species in the Wuyi Mountains, China, revealed 126 freshwater fish species, with Cypriniformes dominating at nearly 70% and Cyprinidae accounting for over half. Notably, 57% of these species are endemic to China. The study found higher diversity on the east slope and in the northern section of the mountains. Cluster analysis divided reserves into two geographical regions and four river-type regions, providing insights for targeted conservation. Threats to fish biodiversity were also identified, along with potential management solutions.

Fishing facts and phishing fictions on K'gari (Fraser Island): Archaeological discourse in a post‐truth world

K’gari (Fraser Island) — 2019 — WHE8C735D53AE

Archaeology on K'gari (Fraser Island) demonstrates how Indigenous communities, specifically the Butchulla people, can leverage modern media to assert their custodial and cultural rights while challenging colonial narratives. This study highlights the power of inclusive archaeological discourse in amplifying First Nations voices and fostering shared values between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. By partnering with archaeologists, the Butchulla people have innovatively communicated their heritage, ensuring intellectual property protection and promoting positive social change. The research underscores the importance of collaborative approaches to cultural heritage management in a post-truth world.

Five eradications, three species, three islands: overview, insights and recommendations from invasive bird eradications in the Seychelles

Aldabra Atoll — 2019 — WHE705C07EE78

Four out of five invasive bird eradication programs conducted by the Seychelles Islands Foundation (SIF) between 2011 and 2017 were successful, marking significant advancements in avian invasive species management. Targeting red-whiskered bulbuls (Pycnonotus jocosus), Madagascar fodies (Foudia madagascariensis), and ring-necked parakeets (Psittacula krameri) on Assumption Island, Mahé, and Aldabra Atoll respectively, the programs prioritized species threatening native biodiversity in UNESCO World Heritage Sites. A combination of mist-netting and shooting was employed, with intensive eradication phases lasting three years or less, followed by 1–2 years of monitoring to confirm success. Over 9,000 birds were culled across the five programs, including 5,279 red-whiskered bulbuls and 3,291 Madagascar fodies on Assumption Island alone. These eradications represent the first large-scale removals of these species from other islands, offering valuable insights and learning opportunities for future invasive avian control efforts.

Flânerie of the mind

Asmara: A Modernist African City — 2019 — WHEB6FC6F8C7E

A unique theatre production in Asmara, Eritrea, challenged conventional narratives of Eritrean drama by embracing intellectual flânerie—a concept that invites audience participation without didacticism or clear messaging. The study examines the 2008 production Weg’i Libi (Heart-to-Heart Talk), performed by amateurs and situated in the UNESCO-listed modernist cityscape, which drew large crowds despite its unconventional approach. By analyzing the play’s process and metaphorical potential, the research suggests that such works may reflect prospective futures for Eritrea, particularly through their lack of overt political or cultural messaging. The study combines critical reading with spatial analysis to explore how theatre can function as a site of intellectual exploration in post-colonial contexts.

Flood Hazard Mapping and Assessment on the Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia

Angkor — 2019 — WHEBD58F1BDA4

A new flood hazard index (FHI) model identifies nine Angkor monuments at risk from potential flooding, with the highest threats concentrated near the West Baray but not directly impacting core archaeological zones. Moderate-to-high hazard areas, covering 19.4 km² or 9.13% of the core zone, pose significant risks to sites along the Siem Reap and Roluos rivers and Tonle Sap Lake's flooded regions. The study combined GIS with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to analyze historical floods (2007–2013), using four key indices weighted via the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Delphi method. While the buffer zone remains low-risk, this approach offers a scalable framework for assessing flood threats at other Southeast Asian heritage sites.

Flore et végétation vasculaires des petites îles et îlots du littoral de Galeria à Porto (Réserve naturelle de Scandula et environs, Corse occidentale)

Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve — 2019 — WHECB67C59FA6

A remarkable biodiversity, including several rare or endemic species, thrives on the small islands and islets of the Scandola Reserve along Corsica's western coast. This unique micro-insular ecosystem, preserved within the Natural Reserve, showcases outstanding plant diversity. The study provides a comprehensive inventory of vascular flora in this region, with a detailed synthesis on Gargalu island (22 ha), exploring its environmental and human histories. Proposals for enhanced knowledge and conservation are also outlined to safeguard this original biodiversity.

Flow Reorganization in an Anthropogenically Modified Tidal Channel Network: An Example From the Southwestern Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna Delta

The Sundarbans — 2019 — WHE8465B3EE69

A significant flow reorganization has been observed in the anthropogenically modified tidal channel network of the southwestern Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta, with the Shibsa channel widening and deepening while the Pussur channel experiences rapid shoaling. This counterintuitive pattern is driven by the Shibsa's capture of a large portion of the Pussur's basin through transverse channels, enhancing its tidal prism despite embankment-driven reductions in basin volume. The study highlights previously unrecognized interactions within interconnected multichannel tidal networks, emphasizing the importance of flow reorganization in response to anthropogenic perturbations.

Food worthy of kings and saints: fish consumption in the medieval monastery Studenica (Serbia)

Studenica Monastery — 2019 — WHEB8F04A3E51

Archaeozoological evidence from the medieval Studenica Monastery in Serbia reveals that large sturgeon species, likely transported over 200 km from the Danube region, were consumed at the site during the 14th and early 15th centuries. The presence of these high-value fish, including beluga and Russian sturgeon, suggests sophisticated long-distance trade networks and their significance in monastic dietary practices, particularly during religious observances like Lent and celebrations honoring the Virgin Mary and monastery founder. Skeletal analysis indicates that large specimens were brought whole, possibly dried or salted, reinforcing historical records of monasteries as key consumers of premium fish alongside royalty and nobility.