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Assessing the sustainability of tourism-related livelihoods in an urban World Heritage Site

Historic City of Ayutthaya — 2017 — WHE0542C2E77C

Research on the Historic City of Ayutthaya reveals that tourism-related livelihoods in urban areas are inherently unsustainable when measured by self-reliance, as residents heavily depend on external sources. The study, using DFID’s Sustainable Livelihood Framework, highlights conflicts between the urban poor and both the Thai government and neighboring industrial zones due to tourism and development pressures. These tensions raise concerns about the potential loss of World Heritage status. The findings challenge traditional sustainability metrics by emphasizing that urban livelihoods cannot be evaluated solely on self-reliance, given their reliance on external inputs.

Assessment of land surface temperature variation due to change in elevation of area surrounding Jaipur, India

Jaipur City, Rajasthan — 2017 — WHE4725F66F11

A consistent inverse linear relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and elevation was observed in the Jaipur, India region, with LST decreasing by 3.5 °C to 4.6 °C per 1000 m of horizontal elevation change. This effect is less pronounced than vertical separation (5.0 °C–10.0 °C per 1000 m). The study used MODIS LST data and ASTER digital elevation models, revealing that elevation must be considered when analyzing spatial LST distribution in large urban areas like Jaipur to rationalize temperature variations across different locations.

Assessment of Light Pollution Impact on Protected Areas in China

Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas — 2017 — WHE33DE560043

Between 1992 and 2012, the proportion of dark protected areas (PAs) in China declined by 35.38%, with significant local increases in light pollution particularly noted in northern Xinjiang, Gansu, Xizang, Yunnan, Jiangsu, and Shandong. This finding was derived from an analysis of time-series night-time light satellite images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS), which revealed the extent of human-induced light pollution encroaching into PAs nationwide. The study highlights the unprecedented spatial range and intensity of light pollution due to rapid urban expansion, offering a scalable method for assessing its impact on protected ecosystems. Two mitigation strategies—establishing appropriate buffer zones and expanding light pollution measurements—are recommended to address this growing threat.

Assessment of Post-Harvest Loss and Waste for Date Palms in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al-Ahsa Oasis, an Evolving Cultural Landscape — 2017 — WHED150B65B67

A significant portion of date palm fruit is lost or wasted during harvest and marketing phases, with average losses reaching 12.6% across major production regions in Saudi Arabia. The study identified that varieties like Shishi and Shbibi in Al-Ahsa Oasis experience the highest damage rates (33%), primarily due to small size, cuts, browses, pest infestation, and non-pathological disorders. In contrast, Ajweh in Medina exhibited minimal damage (2.7%). The research analyzed 11 commercially available date varieties from key regions—Al-Ahsa, Riyadh, Qaseem, and Madinah—using photography to assess post-harvest losses. While most varieties suffered 5-10% loss during marketing, exceptions included Shagra in Qaseem (16-20%) and Ajweh in Riyadh (<5%). The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate waste, particularly in high-loss varieties.

Assessment of soil erosion in a tropical mountain river basin of the southern Western Ghats, India using RUSLE and GIS

Western Ghats — 2017 — WHE5041EB7780

Researchers found that while the Muthirapuzha River Basin (MRB) in the southern Western Ghats, India, experiences significant gross soil erosion at 14.36 tons per hectare per year, net erosion is substantially lower at 3.60 tons due to deposition processes. About 86% of the basin undergoes slight erosion, while nearly 3% acts as a depositional environment for sediments. Human activities in agricultural areas and tea plantations significantly accelerate soil erosion compared to natural vegetation belts. The study used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) combined with transport-limited sediment delivery (TLSD) modeling to quantify soil erosion and deposition, providing critical data for land management strategies to mitigate soil degradation in tropical mountain river basins.

Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in air quality of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India

Jaipur City, Rajasthan — 2017 — WHEBB73AF8111

A severe deterioration of air quality in Jaipur, Rajasthan, is driven by high concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and PM10, particularly in winter and summer, with specific hotspots like Vidhyadhar Nagar, Civil Lines, Hawa Mahal, Kishanpole, and Aadarsh Nagar showing critical pollution levels. The study, analyzing data from 2004 to 2015, found that while NOX and SO2 concentrations remained within CPCB standards, the spatial distribution of Air Quality Index (AQI) revealed strong positive autocorrelation with weather parameters such as relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed. Using geo-spatial and geo-statistical techniques, including Ordinary Least Squares regression and bivariate Moran’s I analysis, researchers identified significant correlations between AQI and weather conditions during summer and winter seasons. This combination of GIS and statistical analyses highlights critical areas needing targeted interventions to mitigate air pollution in Jaipur.

Assessment of the perceived effects and management challenges of Mikania micrantha invasion in Chitwan National Park buffer zone community forest, Nepal

Chitwan National Park — 2017 — WHEBA2225BBAC

Mikania micrantha invasion significantly disrupts rural livelihoods and tourism revenues in Chitwan National Park's buffer zone, Nepal. The study reveals that the alien plant reduces access to essential forest products like fodder and fuel wood while altering wildlife habitats, forcing animals into core areas and diminishing tourism. A survey of 170 households confirmed these adverse impacts, highlighting the need for urgent intervention by authorities and public awareness campaigns to mitigate ecological and socio-economic consequences.

Assessment of tolerances in Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. and Syzygium cumini Keels. seedlings to waterlogging

Keoladeo National Park — 2017 — WHEDCDAAFDF2F

Mitragyna parvifolia demonstrates significantly higher tolerance to waterlogging compared to Syzygium cumini, as evidenced by its ability to develop adaptive traits such as adventitious roots and lenticels while maintaining root biomass. This study assessed the morphological and photosynthetic responses of four-month-old seedlings from both species under waterlogged conditions for 35 days. While S. cumini exhibited high mortality, M. parvifolia showed resilience, with only minor declines in key variables. The research highlights the differential adaptability of these wetland species to waterlogging, providing insights into their survival strategies within UNESCO-listed Keoladeo National Park, a critical Ramsar site.

Assessment of two persistent bioaccumulative toxicants in the UNESCO protected river of Osun-Osogbo, Nigeria

Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove — 2017 — WHE52594C6097

A study assessing the concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in sediments and gastropod species from the Osun River found no toxicological risk to the freshwater system. The research revealed that both metals were significantly lower than their average crustal concentrations and freshwater limits, with zinc consistently higher than copper in both sediments and gastropods (Melanoides tuberculata and Lanistes varicus). Lanistes varicus showed greater bioaccumulation of these metals compared to Melanoides tuberculata. Samples were collected quarterly from June 2015 to March 2016, with analysis conducted via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The findings suggest the Osun River remains an unimpacted freshwater system, despite its ecological significance.

Assessment of Vegetation and Prioritization of Communities for Conservation in Latakharak Alpine Meadows of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, West Himalaya, India.

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks — 2017 — WHEF0F8B042DE

A study identifies key vegetation communities in the Latakharak alpine meadows of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, highlighting their significance for conservation. The research prioritizes these communities based on their ecological importance and vulnerability, providing critical insights for biodiversity preservation in this UNESCO-listed region. The approach involved detailed field surveys, species composition analysis, and environmental data collection to assess vegetation patterns and prioritize conservation efforts.

Association of Borobudur Temple with the surrounding Buddhist temples

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2017 — WHEAC40AF9408

Borobudur Temple, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its architectural brilliance, is revealed to be part of a larger sacred procession system linked with surrounding Buddhist temples. This study introduces a novel interpretation that Borobudur and nearby temples, such as Pawon and Mendut, functioned cohesively in ritualistic contexts during the Mataram Kuno period. By analyzing shared elements like location, religious symbolism, ornaments, and statues across four temples using archaeological methods, researchers propose that these structures served not only as standalone monuments but also as integral components of ancient sacred processions. The findings challenge conventional views on Borobudur's singular significance, offering a deeper understanding of its cultural and religious roles in historical Indonesian civilization.

Auckland and Durham Castles in John Cosin’s Time

Durham Castle and Cathedral — 2017 — WHE30A39372D5

Bishop Cosin's architectural legacy at Durham Castle and Cathedral, including the creation of Renaissance-style gardens and gate piers, has been highlighted through an analysis of historical inventories from 1628 and 1672. This study reveals that both Bishop Neile and Cosin were pivotal in modernizing church architecture while maintaining traditional elements, significantly transforming Durham Castle into a magnificent palace. The research sheds light on the often-overlooked architectural contributions of these bishops before the civil wars, emphasizing their dual role as modernizers and traditionalists.

Auckland and Durham Castles in the Eighteenth Century

Durham Castle and Cathedral — 2017 — WHEDB5127B5A8

Eighteenth-century modifications to Durham Castle and Auckland Castle reflected the bishops' dual aspirations for contemporary secular amenities while fulfilling episcopal requirements. The study reveals that these bishops, drawn from gentry and aristocratic families, prioritized living in residences commensurate with their social status, mirroring the architectural preferences of their lay peers. Auckland Castle emerged as the preferred residence during the bishops' stays in the Palatinate due to urban growth in Durham City, which diminished the appeal of Durham Castle. Despite this shift, Durham Castle retained its ceremonial significance as a center of episcopal power.

Auschwitz and After

Auschwitz Birkenau
German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940-1945) — 2017 — WHE47C344A4D0

Auschwitz and After offers a profound exploration of memory, time, culpability, and survival through the lens of a Holocaust survivor's memoir. The work, penned by CP Delbo—a member of the French resistance—examines the enduring psychological and societal impacts of Nazi atrocities, often referred to as the 'afterdeath' of the Holocaust. Lawrence L. Langer's updated introduction deepens the analysis, contextualizing Delbo's account within broader scholarly discourse on trauma and historical culpability. This edition expands on the original with a new bibliography, enriching its significance in Holocaust studies.

Australia and World Heritage

Willandra Lakes Region — 2017 — WHEB517708808

Australia's involvement in the World Heritage Convention (WHC) highlights its significant contribution to global heritage conservation, with nine properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. These include iconic sites like Kakadu National Park, Great Barrier Reef, and Willandra Lakes Region, each recognized for their unique natural or cultural values under specific criteria. The chapter also addresses properties listed in danger, emphasizing Australia's active role in preserving these irreplaceable heritage assets. By examining the dates of inscription and the reasons behind their significance, this work underscores the importance of international cooperation in safeguarding world heritage.

Avebury, Großbritannien: Landschaftsarchäologische Betrachtungen

Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites — 2017 — WHE1A161484E8

A collaborative survey program involving the University of Bournemouth, National Trust, English Heritage (now Historic England), and the German Archaeological Institute revealed significant hidden archaeological remains within Avebury, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Stonehenge-Avebury.' Using multi-channel magnetometry, researchers uncovered extensive prehistoric landscape features, including undetected barrow groups and a windmill foundation within a historic complex. Additionally, Roman, Saxon, and medieval remains were identified south of Waden Hill, linking to the modern village of Avebury. The 2016-2017 surveys provided statistically relevant data for future research, enhancing understanding of this protected landscape's complex history.

Avian Pox Discovered in the Critically Endangered Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata) from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

Galápagos Islands — 2017 — WHE482D6B3DCE

Researchers report the first documented case of avian pox in the critically endangered Waved Albatross (Phoebastria irrorata), the world's only tropical albatross, on Española Island in the Galápagos. Between November 2013 and January 2014, 14 nestlings exhibited pox-like lesions, with six succumbing to the disease. Histopathological analysis confirmed avipoxvirus infection via inclusion bodies in tissue samples. Unlike other seabirds and landbirds, which appeared unaffected, this outbreak highlights a significant threat to the species' survival, given its already declining population. The study underscores the urgent need for pathogen monitoring and conservation efforts to mitigate disease impacts on endemic taxa.

Azure, Three Horseshoes Or: The Arms of Fountains Abbey, An Enduring Puzzle

Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey — 2017 — WHEC8F3E988F1

A thorough analysis of Fountains Abbey's heraldry reveals that the monastery used two distinct shields: one with a cross between four lions, associated with St Oswald and significant to its religious life, and another featuring three horseshoes surmounted by a mitre and crozier. The latter, previously debated as Abbot Marmaduke Huby's personal coat, is confirmed as the abbey's official arms during his rule (1495–1526). Despite extensive evidence reviewed—including heraldic records and stone carvings—a definitive explanation for the adoption of these arms remains elusive. The study challenges prior assumptions and provides a comprehensive examination of Fountains Abbey's heraldic practices, addressing long-standing scholarly puzzles.

Banana

Kuk Early Agricultural Site — 2017 — WHEB64B0878F5

Archaeological evidence from Kuk Swamp, New Guinea, reveals the earliest known banana cultivation dating back at least 7,000 years. Traces of plowing, drainage ditches, and post holes were discovered 20 feet below the surface, indicating sophisticated agricultural practices. Banana cultivation subsequently spread northeastward across Oceania over approximately 2,000 years, with independent introductions to Africa from India around 4,000-5,000 years ago, facilitated by Indian Ocean trade via outrigger canoes. The study highlights the significant role of bananas in early human migration and agricultural development.

Basalt geochemistry reveals high frequency of prehistoric tool exchange in low hierarchy Marquesas Islands (Polynesia)

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands — 2017 — WHEBE8DDC77DE

A high frequency of prehistoric tool exchange was identified in the low hierarchy chiefdoms of the Marquesas Islands, challenging assumptions about exchange patterns in less hierarchical societies. Geochemical analysis of 278 stone tools from Nuku Hiva revealed the use of basalt from at least seven sources across three islands, with non-local tools comprising 43 to 94% (mean = 77%) of inter-valley distributions. This frequency rivals that observed in more hierarchical Polynesian polities. The study suggests that elites used non-local tools as political currency to reinforce status and build alliances, consistent with prestige societies elsewhere.