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Big Data Meets Digital Cultural Heritage

Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological Sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula — 2017 — WHE23D087765A

A groundbreaking integration of Big Data technologies with digital cultural heritage has been achieved through the development of SCRABS, a Smart Context-aware Browsing assistant for cultural environments. This system leverages sophisticated applications to enhance user experience by extracting rich information from diverse data sources such as sensor networks, social networks, and multimedia collections. Developed under Italy's Cultural Heritage Information Systems national project and promoted by DATABENC, SCRABS represents a multidisciplinary collaboration involving computer scientists, archeologists, architects, and humanities experts. Its application at the Paestum Archeological Sites demonstrates its potential to revolutionize how cultural heritage is managed and experienced, offering a sophisticated yet user-friendly platform for exploring historical environments.

BIM System for the Conservation and Preservation of the Mosaics of San Marco in Venice

Venice and its Lagoon — 2017 — WHE80C87ABDF1

A groundbreaking BIM (Building Information Modeling) system has been developed to address the complex challenges of conserving and preserving the mosaics of San Marco Basilica. This innovative approach leverages multi-source data collection, high-resolution photogrammetric acquisition, and a self-implemented BIM application to create a 1:1 scale representation of the basilica's intricate mosaics, achieving submillimeter resolution even in high domes (28 meters). The system organizes the complex into smaller, manageable parts, facilitating efficient data management during both survey and modeling stages. It also introduces a novel solution for handling gigapixel orthophotos, allowing users to access both geometric models and raster representations of each element, effectively turning the BIM model into a three-dimensional catalogue.

Biocultural Practices during the Transition to History at the Vat Komnou Cemetery, Angkor Borei, Cambodia

Angkor — 2017 — WHE3284FCD07E

A distinct sexual division of labor is evident in the protohistoric Vat Komnou cemetery at Angkor Borei, Cambodia, based on degenerative joint disease patterns. The study reveals that inhabitants maintained a broad-spectrum diet with significant reliance on fish and estuarine resources, contrasting with a lower intake of soft, processed agricultural foods. Dental pathologies and faunal evidence suggest varied environmental use and cultural practices, including intentional dental filing, though its impact on oral health remains undetermined. Stable isotope analysis further indicates a preference for aquatic protein over terrestrial sources. The research combines skeletal analysis, dietary reconstruction, and isotopic studies to illuminate biocultural adaptations during the transition to history in Southeast Asia.

Biomass and net primary productivity of mangrove communities along the Oligohaline zone of Sundarbans, Bangladesh

The Sundarbans — 2017 — WHEA7C0CC1C15

Mangrove communities in the oligohaline zone of the Sundarbans, Bangladesh, exhibit high biomass and net primary productivity (NPP), with total above-ground biomass (AGB) and below-ground biomass (BGB) estimated at 154.8 and 84.2 Mg∙ha−1, respectively. The study, conducted over one year from March 2016 to April 2017, revealed a mean annual total litterfall of 10.1 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1 and a total NPP of 21.0 Mg∙ha−1∙yr−1. The research applied biomass equations and the summation method for productivity estimation, highlighting species-specific variations in biomass allocation and significant root biomass. These findings underscore the ecological significance of Sundarbans mangroves, offering critical insights for conservation strategies and understanding their role in mitigating global warming.

Biophysical disturbances of elephant safaris in the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Chitwan National Park — 2017 — WHED1E640D887

A study on elephant safaris in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, reveals that while these safaris are perceived as eco-friendly alternatives to noisy Jeep safaris, they may cause significant biophysical disturbances. Research indicates that wildlife observation distances during elephant safaris often fall below 15 meters, which is considered too close and potentially harmful to wildlife. The study also found that perceptions of appropriate viewing distances by park staff aligned with biological severity thresholds, while other groups' perceptions would likely lead to unacceptable disturbance levels. This suggests a disconnect between human perception and actual biological impacts.

Biostratigraphic Importance of the New Ca-Tims U-Pb Geochronology for the Belly River Group at Dinosaur Provincial Park (Campanian, Alberta, Canada)

Dinosaur Provincial Park — 2017 — WHEC3826CC30A

New high-precision geochronology reveals that Dinosaur Provincial Park's fossil-rich strata span 2.4 million years, younger and longer than previously thought, with sediment accumulation rates suggesting a ~230,000-year hiatus near the Oldman-Dinosaur Park formation boundary. This challenges prior assumptions about stratigraphic continuity in the Belly River Group (Campanian, Alberta). By dating five bentonites using CA-TIMS U-Pb zircon geochronology and integrating biostratigraphic data, researchers refined the park's chronostratigraphic framework, correlating its dinosaur zones to ammonite biozones. The study also supports a regional trend of younger contacts in southeastern Alberta, providing critical insights into Late Cretaceous sedimentary dynamics and peak dinosaur diversity.

Bitcoin and Potosí Silver: Historical Perspectives on Cryptocurrency

City of Potosí — 2017 — WHEA996F82D7A

Bitcoin, often hailed as a revolutionary digital currency, shares deep historical roots with traditional metalist currency regimes, particularly those tied to colonial silver mining. A study comparing Bitcoin's architecture to the global currency system established by the New World silver peso—centered around the Cerro Rico de Potosí in colonial South America—reveals striking parallels in resource extraction, labor exploitation, and ecological impact. The research introduces the concept of 'cryptoforming,' suggesting that Bitcoin's digital mining process mirrors the terraforming effects of historical metal mining, reshaping both economies and environments on a massive scale. By interrogating these connections, the study provides a critical lens to understand Bitcoin's implications for resources, labor, energy, and ecology.

Black Country, White Wilderness: Conservation, Colonialism, and Conflict in Tasmania

Tasmanian Wilderness — 2017 — WHE0ADA601001

A revised land management plan for Tasmania’s Wilderness World Heritage Area, covering 20% of the island, reflects deep-seated tensions between white conservationist ideals and Aboriginal perspectives on land. The study reveals that wilderness ideology, emphasizing remoteness and isolation, marginalizes Aboriginal Tasmanians by reinforcing colonial narratives and racialized privilege. Through reflexive analysis of interviews, participant observation, and printed materials from environmental organizations, government, industry, and an Aboriginal corporation, the research demonstrates how conservation efforts in Tasmania perpetuate white dominance at the expense of Indigenous voices. This critique extends to the author’s own identity, adding a personal dimension that underscores the complexities of colonial legacies in conservation discourse.

Bleaching in Vertically Distributed Corals in Amitori Bay of Iriomote Island

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2017 — WHEC3B3549C57

A study on coral bleaching in Amitori Bay, Iriomote Island, revealed that coral bleaching rates were exceptionally high at shallower depths, with a peak of 87% at 15 meters. Coelastoral corals exhibited the highest bleaching rate at 91%, while branching corals also showed significant bleaching (49%) even at deeper waters (30 meters). The research attributed this severe bleaching to prolonged high water temperatures exceeding 30°C from July 9 to August 29, 2016, in the absence of nearby typhoons. The investigation combined field surveys of coral bleaching conditions with measurements of physical environmental factors, including water temperature.

Bocskay György kalligráfus végrendelete

Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment — 2017 — WHE333262C86E

A recently discovered testament of the Hungarian calligrapher George Bocskay (†1575) sheds new light on his life, social network, and burial place. The Latin document, found in the Archive of the Benedictine Archabbey of Pannonhalma, reveals that Bocskay bequeathed his property, including books and calligraphy instruments, to his family and servants, with specific mention of his son Stephen. Notably, it also specifies his desired burial site as the Himmelpfortkloster in Vienna, a significant medieval Premonstratesian cloister founded by Constance of Hungary in the 1230s. The testament provides primary historical data, offering insights into Bocskay's final wishes and the cultural context of 16th-century Hungary.

Body as Echoes: Cyber Archiving of Dazu Rock Carvings

Dazu Rock Carvings — 2017 — WHEE2D885AEE2

The 'Body As Echoes: Cyber Archiving of Dazu Rock Carvings' project successfully bridges digital heritage conservation with advanced technological applications, setting a precedent for sustainable preservation and education. By leveraging photogrammetry and digital sculpting, the project transforms tangible cultural heritage at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Dazu Rock Carvings into high-resolution 3D models, ensuring long-term accessibility. A notable achievement is the development of an interactive info-motion interface that enhances public engagement with these digital resources, particularly in STEM education contexts. This approach not only preserves the physical and intangible aspects of the carvings but also fosters intercultural collaboration by making the digital archive available to global institutions and local authorities. The project's integration of VR, projection mapping, and interactive design techniques offers a novel framework for narrating and consolidating cultural heritage, thereby enriching both academic research and public understanding.

Boğazköy-Ḫattuša, Türkei: Restaurierungen

Hattusha: the Hittite Capital — 2017 — WHE2368829C4E

Ongoing restoration work at Boğazköy-Hattusha, the ancient Hittite capital, has successfully balanced archaeological preservation with visitor accessibility since the 1960s. Recent efforts (2011–2014) focused on reconstructing the postern wall, the oldest fortification of the city, and placing copies of two sphinxes atop the artificial rampart of Yerkapı. Additionally, large socle stones from the Great Temple in the Lower Town, a significant Hittite religious structure, were conserved. These interventions aim to stabilize the site while enhancing its historical interpretation for visitors.

Borders, European Integration and UNESCO World Heritage: A Case Study of the Curonian Spit

Curonian Spit — 2017 — WHE6A2A7F431C

The Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000, is a unique cultural landscape shaped by human intervention in natural geomorphological processes. This study highlights its significance as an elongated 'finger of sand' stretching 98 kilometers, which separates the Baltic Sea from the Curonian Lagoon. The research focuses on the southern part of the Spit, belonging to the Zelenogradsk District of Kaliningradskaya Oblast, examining how European integration and border dynamics influence landscape management and human ecology in this fragile environment.

Born Into Occupation, Fighting for Basic Human Rights

Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town — 2017 — WHE47DACC0A7E

This publication highlights the severe human rights violations and systemic oppression experienced by Palestinians in Hebron's Old Town, 50 years after Israel's occupation of the West Bank. It underscores the rapid expansion of illegal Israeli settlements, which contravenes international law, and the escalation of settler violence with zero accountability. The study also reveals the stark disparity in legal treatment between Palestinians, tried under military law with a near 100% conviction rate, and settlers, subject to civil law. Additionally, it documents the severe restrictions on Palestinian movement due to checkpoints and closed military zones, as well as the extrajudicial killings of Palestinian youth, even when disarmed. The publication calls for immediate action to secure basic human rights, implement international law, and protect nonviolent human rights defenders.

Borobudur Temple Pre and Post Colonial Era

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2017 — WHE167A31DC30

Borobudur Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the largest Buddhist temple globally, stands as a testament to Indonesia's rich cultural and spiritual heritage. Originally constructed during the golden era of the Syailendra dynasty around 800 AD, Borobudur experienced periods of obscurity before its rediscovery during the colonial era. Through meticulous restoration efforts, the temple has been rejuvenated to its original form, becoming a significant center for Buddhist rituals and a symbol of cultural inspiration across various domains, including history, arts, tourism, economy, research, science, and religion. Its intricate reliefs depict profound Buddhist philosophy, showcasing high aesthetic value and contributing to its recognition in the Guinness World Records as an archaeological site heritage.

Bouthrotos (Butrint) in the Archaic and Classical Periods: The Acropolis and Temple of Athena Polias

Butrint — 2017 — WHED85A120052

Archaeological excavations at Butrint, Albania, have revealed significant insights into the urban layout and historical shoreline of Bouthrotos during its Archaic and Classical periods (8th–4th century BCE). The Roman Forum Excavations (RFE) Project uncovered stratified material beneath the forum, allowing researchers to reconstruct the evolution of the acropolis and the Temple of Athena Polias. Notably, the study identified the temple's partial remains and traced the formation processes of the Butrint headland, providing a clearer understanding of its development in relation to Greek colonization in the region.

Bridging Glaciological and Hydrological Trends in the Pamir Mountains, Central Asia

Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs) — 2017 — WHEDBE9246268

Recent research reveals that runoff trends in the Pamir-Hindu Kush-Karakoram region serve as a strong proxy for glacier evolution, mirroring spatial patterns of glacial change. Notably, while the North-West Pamirs and Northern Karakoram exhibit decreasing runoff trends—consistent with the Karakoram Anomaly—southern regions show accelerated glacier retreat and rising river flows due to increasing temperatures since 1950. The study bridges glaciological and hydrological data, addressing uncertainties in estimating glacier retreat's contribution to runoff. It suggests that westerly precipitation increases may drive mass gains in northern regions and heightened river flows in the south, highlighting complex climate dynamics in Central Asia’s water towers.

Bryophytes and Their Distribution Pattern in the Nagliai Strict Nature Reserve (Curonian Spit, Lithuania)

Curonian Spit — 2017 — WHE0F5B4EE206

A study of bryophyte diversity in the Nagliai Strict Nature Reserve on Lithuania's Curonian Spit reveals distinct species distribution patterns across habitats. Researchers identified 75 bryophyte species, with notable variations in richness and abundance between fore-dune grasslands, sand plains, and dune ridges. Forests exhibited distinct species compositions based on substrata, while grassland habitats were dominated by light-preferring taxa. The study also documented two new species and three varieties for Lithuania, along with four new species and one variety for the Curonian Spit. Analytical methods included species richness, biotal dispersity, Shannon's diversity indices, and similarity coefficients (Jaccard and Bray-Curtis). These findings highlight the ecological complexity of the reserve and contribute to its conservation understanding.

Buddhist Education Managment in Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University

Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar — 2017 — WHEA2F03306C5

Nalanda Mahavihara, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bihar, India, stands as a testament to the ancient Buddhist educational system's sophistication. A study on its modern iteration, Nava Nalanda Mahavihara University (NNMU), reveals how it effectively manages education, administration, and finances while preserving its historical legacy. The research highlights NNMU's innovative approach to faculty management, ensuring both academic excellence and institutional growth. By analyzing contemporary educational practices within a UNESCO-listed context, the study provides insights into sustainable heritage management in higher education.

Built environment, creativity, social art. The recovery of public space as engine of human development

Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata — 2017 — WHEA460FE4E80

A groundbreaking study reveals that the integration of art and cultural heritage into public spaces can significantly enhance creativity, social cohesion, and human development. The research, conducted in Torre Annunziata, Italy, demonstrates that inclusive approaches to public space recovery—focusing on art and community engagement—stimulate critical thinking, open-mindedness, and design capacity among local residents. This process fosters a 'creative environment' that acts as a catalyst for development, encouraging acceptance of diversity as an opportunity. The study builds upon the Humanistic Urbanism (HUL) approach, drawing empirical evidence from the MAAM Museum in Rome to establish transferable methodologies for similar contexts. By analyzing cause/effect relationships between art, heritage, and community dynamics, this work provides actionable insights for regenerating social connections and landscapes in post-industrial or conflict-affected areas.