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Computing the relative land subsidence at Venice, Italy, over the last fifty years

Venice and its Lagoon — 2017 — WHE7B44424F1A

Over the past five decades, Venice's historical center has experienced relative land subsidence (RLS) of up to 190 mm compared to the Northern Adriatic mean sea level. This study quantifies RLS using a combination of levelling surveys from 1961 to 1993 and satellite-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry data from 1993 to 2016, revealing an average subsidence rate of 0.8 mm/year alongside a mean sea-level rise of 1.9 mm/year. The findings highlight significant spatial variability in subsidence, with cumulative losses ranging from 8 mm to 93 mm. Projections suggest that without mitigation, Venice could face an additional 190 mm loss of elevation by 2100, exacerbating flooding risks and threatening the city's survival. This research underscores the urgent need for climate adaptation strategies to protect this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Comunidades mineras prehispánicas de pequeña escala y sus ventajas económicas y logísticas derivadas de su conectividad con el Qhapaq Ñan, desierto de Atacama, norte de Chile

Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System — 2017 — WHEDC0E8DF2D0

Pre-hispanic small-scale mining communities in the Atacama Desert leveraged the Inca Qhapaq Ñan road system for economic and logistical advantages, despite Inca attempts to control their economy. The study reveals that miners relocated settlements along the road to optimize trade of lapidary goods like malachite beads and pigments, capitalizing on increased traffic and connectivity. This unintended benefit highlights a nuanced dynamic between local adaptation and Inca domination, demonstrating how imperial infrastructure was opportunistically repurposed by indigenous communities for their own productive gains.

Concrete Conservation Framework for the Sydney Opera House

Sydney Opera House — 2017 — WHE590EDBC947

A concrete conservation framework for the Sydney Opera House has been developed to ensure its long-term structural integrity while preserving its iconic design. The approach integrates advanced materials science, non-destructive testing, and architectural conservation principles to address challenges such as concrete degradation, corrosion, and aesthetic maintenance. By combining innovative techniques like fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and microclimate monitoring, the framework aims to minimize invasive interventions while maintaining the site's UNESCO World Heritage status. This collaborative effort, presented at the IABSE Conference in 2017, offers a model for sustainable conservation of modern architectural landmarks.

Conflict between local communities and heritage managers in the conservation of Historic Cairo

Historic Cairo — 2017 — WHE2FE6772688

A significant conflict exists between local communities and heritage managers in the conservation of Historic Cairo, stemming from a lack of community input in government-led preservation efforts. The study highlights how legislative decisions and management practices, primarily driven by the Ministry of Antiquities and the Governorate, have overlooked the social, cultural, and economic dimensions of local residents and non-governmental stakeholders. This disconnect has led to persistent tensions, undermining effective heritage conservation despite Egypt's long-standing efforts.

Conflicting Images of the Great Wall in Cultural Heritage Tourism

The Great Wall — 2017 — WHE08D9638A98

A striking disparity emerges between domestic tourists' admiration for modern facilities over heritage value and the government's emphasis on preservation, while business operators prioritize commercialization. This study, analyzing 7,466 online reviews and official documents, reveals how conflicting objectives among stakeholders shape cultural heritage tourism experiences at Mutianyu Great Wall. Using quantitative word frequency analysis and qualitative discourse semantics, researchers expose a tension where tourists' focus on amenities overshadows historical significance, while regulators advocate for protection. The findings underscore the need for balanced approaches in managing China's iconic World Heritage Site to reconcile commercial interests with conservation goals.

Connecting the Dots

Changdeokgung Palace Complex — 2017 — WHEB0A43A620F

Storytelling significantly enhances user immersion and engagement with video data in augmented reality (AR) environments at cultural heritage sites, according to research conducted at Changdeokgung Palace Complex. The study demonstrated that a themed narrative approach, which connects points of interest (PoIs) in a fixed order through embedded video data, outperforms traditional search-based AR experiences in providing meaningful guidance and deeper user engagement. This innovative method leverages multimedia databases indexed with a specialized metadata schema designed for AR applications, offering a more cohesive and immersive experience for visitors.

Connectivity and systemic resilience of the Great Barrier Reef

Great Barrier Reef — 2017 — WHE84C410B38B

Around 100 reefs, or approximately 3% of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), exhibit unique properties that enhance systemic resilience and recovery following disturbances such as cyclones, coral bleaching, and crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. These 'robust source reefs' are highly connected by ocean currents, experience lower disturbance risks, and promote the recovery of desirable species while minimizing COTS spread. A single dispersal event from these reefs can replenish up to 47% of the ecosystem, highlighting a natural resilience mechanism driven by oceanographic conditions and geographic location. This finding underscores the potential for similar processes in other reef systems, offering hope as climate change increases disturbance frequency.

Conservation and Restoration of Adobe Architectural Heritage of Bam Citadel (Iran), Affected by the 26 December 2003 Bam Earthquake: Problems and Issues

Tchogha Zanbil — 2017 — WHEC03EBD7308

A significant finding from this study is that Iran's adobe architectural heritage, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Bam Citadel and Tchogha Zanbil, faces severe threats from seismic activity and urban development. The research highlights the vulnerability of these structures to earthquakes, as demonstrated by the devastating 2003 Bam earthquake, which caused extensive damage to one of the world's largest adobe complexes. The study critically assesses current conservation strategies in Iran, identifying deficiencies that exacerbate the risk of further deterioration. It proposes technical solutions and policy recommendations based on international best practices to safeguard these cultural treasures from future seismic events, aiming to preserve their social, historical, and economic value.

Conservation and Sustainable Development of Human-inhabited World Heritage Site: Case of World Heritage Lijiang Old Town

Old Town of Lijiang — 2017 — WHE310D2E1252

Lijiang Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in China, faces significant challenges balancing tourism-driven development with heritage conservation. While rapid tourism growth has been a crucial economic driver for poverty-stricken regions, it has also threatened the site's 'outstanding universal value.' Since 2002, Lijiang has implemented policies to protect its authenticity and integrity while improving local living conditions and ensuring community benefits. This study analyzes these interventions through data analysis, field investigations, and surveys, offering insights into sustainable heritage management for human-inhabited World Heritage Sites in developing countries.

Conservation status of landbirds on Floreana: the smallest inhabited Galápagos Island

Galápagos Islands — 2017 — WHEAFC929DDF6

A comprehensive survey of landbirds on Floreana, the smallest inhabited island in the Galápagos, reveals alarming declines and extirpations among its avian species. Of the 22 originally occurring landbirds, at least 10 have been lost or likely extirpated since human settlement, primarily due to introduced mammals, habitat destruction, and direct persecution in the 19th century, as well as the parasitic fly Philornis downsi since 1960. While some species like Small Ground-Finches and Small Tree-Finches maintain stable populations comparable to other Galápagos islands, others such as Medium Tree-Finches are confined to a mere 24 km² in the highlands. The study underscores the urgent need for strategies to mitigate the impact of P. downsi, alongside habitat management and restoration, to preserve Floreana's remaining landbird populations.

Constant human health mycobiotic irritants in the urban environment of the Old Town of Vilnius

Vilnius Historic Centre — 2017 — WHE718F642A92

Research on the Old Town of Vilnius reveals that reconstruction and renovation activities generate significant chemical and biological pollution, posing potential hazards to human health and the environment. The study identified Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., and Fusarium spp. as dominant fungal genera in building wastes collected during 2012–2014. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to characterize the mycobiota's morphology and chemical composition. Notably, the mycobiota composition varied significantly across different construction materials, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to mitigate health risks during urban conservation efforts.

Constraining modern‐day silicon cycling in Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal — 2017 — WHE29D8F1D1C5

A significant portion of dissolved silicon (DSi) entering Lake Baikal, the world's oldest and deepest lake, is exported into its sediment record, accounting for 20–24% of total input. This finding highlights the role lakes play in sequestering continental DSi, which has implications for understanding nutrient fluxes to the ocean and the interplay between silicon and carbon cycles. The study used silicon isotope data (δ30SiDSi) from Lake Baikal and its catchment, revealing no seasonal or anthropogenic impact on riverine δ30SiDSi composition. Spatial variations in spring bloom nutrient utilization were also observed, with lower rates in the northern basin compared to the southern basin. The research employed an open system model to estimate DSi export and examined seasonal and spatial variations across the lake.

Constructing a trumped-up future with the pastness of the present? Neo-relics and archaeological heritage

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2017 — WHE78652FCCF4

Neo-relics, modern constructions designed to mimic ancient structures or sites such as Troy, are not merely seen as threats to authorized heritage discourse but are instead valued by ordinary people for their meanings and functions. This study challenges the conventional view by demonstrating that neo-relics serve as novel ways for individuals to engage with the past through personal involvement, localness, and storytelling. By applying Cornelius Holtorf's concept of 'pastness,' which emphasizes age-value over actual age, researchers highlight how these structures enhance a sense of connection to history. The findings suggest that embracing neo-relics could redefine public interaction with archaeological heritage, offering a dynamic approach to experiencing the past.

Contemporary librarianship and special collections issues: a case study in manuscript collections of Timbuktu and other Malian cities

Timbuktu — 2017 — WHEE87A769F54

Timbuktu's manuscript collections face significant challenges in preservation and access, reflecting broader issues in special collections management. The study highlights the need for libraries to adapt to contemporary librarianship trends, such as inclusion and civil growth, while addressing the unique demands of special collections. It examines ongoing projects in Mali, focusing on activities and organizational structures that balance access with scholarly needs. This case study offers insights into the evolving role of special collections within the changing landscape of library missions, emphasizing the importance of adapting to new requirements while preserving cultural heritage.

Contemporary Vatican International Identity's influence of construction and communication

Vatican City — 2017 — WHE1AFEB68C36

The Vatican's unique international identity, shaped by its religious authority and transnational political influence, challenges traditional state-centric models of diplomacy. This study reveals that the Holy See leverages its status as a non-territorial entity under the Lateran Treaty to engage in frequent diplomatic activities, maintaining its core interests while advocating for global Catholic unity. By constructing a dual identity—balancing secular leadership with universal spiritual authority—the Vatican navigates globalization effectively. However, this approach differs from contemporary state strategies, highlighting its distinct role in international relations.

Contested Space at the Entrance of the Athenian Acropolis

Acropolis, Athens — 2017 — WHE069AA0B00D

The entrance area of the Athenian Acropolis functioned as a deliberate space for dissent and unity during Athens' democratic rise, challenging the invisibility of such public protest spaces. Jessica Paga's study reveals that this area was consciously elaborated to serve as a site of social and political expression in late sixth and early fifth centuries BCE. By analyzing archaeological records and historical context, Paga demonstrates how this contested space contributed to the propagation and success of democracy in ancient Athens.

Context-aware computing for improving the touristic experience: A pervasive app for the Amalfi coast

Costiera Amalfitana — 2017 — WHECA1041B83A

A context-aware computing approach enhances the touristic experience by dynamically adapting itineraries and services to individual user needs, leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This study demonstrates that personalized content delivery improves engagement on the Amalfi Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Southern Italy. The research introduces an adaptive system capable of tracking contextual changes—such as user preferences or environmental factors—to tailor real-time recommendations. Experimental validation confirms the effectiveness of this method in optimizing travel experiences, offering a scalable model for other heritage sites.

Contribuciones al Estudio de la Vialidad Incaica en el Sector Central de la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina)

Quebrada de Humahuaca — 2017 — WHE9D6F02036E

Recent research in the central sector of Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina, reveals that the Inca Empire established a new and strategic road network, the Qhapaq Ñan, to integrate and control territories. This system connected key sites such as tambos (rest stops), administrative centers, agricultural fields, and high-altitude sanctuaries, demonstrating the Incas' ability to adapt local religious practices into their state cult while reshaping the landscape. The findings suggest that this road network was part of a flexible policy aimed at territorial expansion through cultural assimilation.

Contribution by vertebrates to seed dispersal effectiveness in the Galápagos Islands: a community‐wide approach

Galápagos Islands — 2017 — WHE7295E20E58

In the Galápagos Islands, small non-finch passerine birds emerge as the most effective seed dispersers when considering both the quantity of seeds dispersed and their impact on seedling emergence. This study, which analyzed 16 vertebrate species dispersing 58 plant species across lowland and highland habitats, found contrasting patterns based on seed occurrence in droppings versus actual seed dispersal per unit area. While giant tortoises and medium-sized passerines were prominent in seed occurrence data, small non-finch passerines led in effective dispersal, followed by finches and medium-sized passerines. Gut passage effects varied significantly between dispersers and plant species, with medium-sized passerines like mockingbirds often outperforming lava lizards. The research highlights that quantitative measures of seed dispersal are stronger predictors of seed dispersal effectiveness (SDE) in the Galápagos archipelago.

Contribution to knowledge of the Lakes of Ounianga by bathymetry and physicochemistry

Lakes of Ounianga — 2017 — WHE136E8673D9

A groundbreaking study of the Ounianga Lakes in Chad reveals significant variations in bathymetry and water physio-chemistry, contributing to our understanding of these unique ecosystems. The research found that Lake Yoan reaches depths of up to 27 meters, while Lake Teli is shallower with a maximum depth of 5.7 meters. Water temperatures in Teli Lake ranged from 20.8°C to 36°C, whereas Lake Yoan exhibited a broader range from 10.5°C to 32.9°C. Conductivity values also varied dramatically, with Teli Lake showing measurements between 69 and 111,700 μS/cm, and Lake Yoan ranging from 100 to 64,000 μS/cm. The study employed advanced bathymetric surveys and in situ physicochemical analyses, providing a comprehensive characterization of these lakes. This research not only advances our knowledge of continental hydrology but also highlights the ecological diversity within the Ounianga Lakes, which are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.