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Publications

Showing 19821 – 19840 of 30345 publications

Characterization and hydraulic behaviour of the complex karst of the Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park, USA

Grand Canyon National Park — 2017 — WHE3CC0588B13

A unique karst system beneath the Kaibab Plateau and Grand Canyon National Park exhibits rapid, conduit-dominated flow with fracture connectivity between surface and deep aquifers, unlike typical karst behavior. Dye trace analysis revealed that base flow recession coefficients in the deep karst are an order of magnitude lower than global averages, indicating exceptional hydraulic efficiency. This study used LiDAR data, GIS mapping, and non-toxic fluorescent dyes to characterize sinkhole distribution and delineate flow paths, providing critical insights for aquifer management in complex karst environments.

Characterization of Zahari Zograph’s nave wall paintings in the church “The nativity of the virgin” of Rila Monastery (Bulgaria) by vibrational spectroscopy and SEM–EDX analysis

Rila Monastery — 2017 — WHEAA40CA8BA5

A groundbreaking analysis of Zahari Zograph’s nave wall paintings in the church 'The Nativity of the Virgin' at Rila Monastery, Bulgaria, reveals the use of azurite—a pigment not previously identified in other murals from this site. This discovery is significant as it uniquely links these paintings to Zograph's artistic style. Researchers employed vibrational spectroscopy and SEM–EDX analysis to identify pigments such as smalt (blue background), green earths (green color), and red lead (red-orange color). Additionally, the study characterized the gilding mordant using drying oil, resin, and siccative metal oxides, providing insights into the materials and techniques employed by Zograph during the 19th century.

Charting the neglected West: The social system of Guinea baboons

Niokolo-Koba National Park — 2017 — WHE5544693FE5

Guinea baboons (Papio papio) exhibit a unique multi-level social organization that challenges traditional understandings of baboon society. Unlike other baboon species, they form stable reproductive units with one primary male and multiple females, which coalesce into parties and gangs with overlapping home ranges. This structure is marked by low male aggressiveness and female freedom, contrasting sharply with hamadryas baboons (P. hamadryas). Population genetic and behavioral data suggest female-biased dispersal, with females playing a pivotal role in intersexual bond formation. Female tenure varies from weeks to years, and while vocalizations resemble those of other baboon taxa, the social dynamics are distinct. This study, conducted at CRP Simenti in Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal, offers new insights into the diversity of primate social systems and their implications for understanding human social evolution.

Chemical composition and droplet size distribution of cloud at the summit of Mount Tai, China

Mount Taishan — 2017 — WHEEE0658872F

A significant increase in cloud water acidity at Mount Taishan, China, was observed between 2014 and previous studies (2007–2008), with pH levels rising from 3.86 to 5.87. This shift was attributed to higher nitrate and ammonium concentrations, particularly the overcompensation of ammonium, which neutralized acidity. The study also revealed that cloud droplets at Mount Taishan were predominantly smaller than 26.0 µm, with most ranging between 6.0–9.0 µm, peaking at 7.0 µm. High liquid water content (LWC) broadened droplet size distribution and facilitated the formation of larger droplets. Additionally, higher PM2.5 levels correlated with increased soluble ion concentrations, smaller droplet sizes, and greater droplet numbers, suggesting a strong interaction between cloud droplets and atmospheric aerosols. The research highlights clouds as an important sink for soluble atmospheric materials and emphasizes the need to consider the dilution effect when estimating cloud-phase component concentrations.

Chemical constituents of Chirita drakei Burtt collected in Ha Long Bay, Quang Ninh province, Viet Nam. Part 2. Compounds isolated from the n-butanol extract

Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago — 2017 — WHEBFFD9959FB

Researchers have identified four phenol glycosides, including cannabiside B, from the n-butanol extract of Chirita drakei Burtt, a plant species endemic to Ha Long Bay and Cat Ba Archipelago in Vietnam. Notably, compounds 4 and 5 represent novel discoveries within the Chirita genus, expanding the known chemical diversity of this group. Structural elucidation was achieved through mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, with comparisons to existing literature. This study contributes to the characterization of bioactive compounds from Vietnamese flora, particularly in UNESCO-listed marine environments.

Children of Israel: US Military Imperialism and Marshallese Migration in the Poetry of Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2017 — WHE3BC705329E

Bikini Atoll, once chosen by the US government for nuclear testing under the guise of advancing global peace, remains uninhabitable due to severe environmental damage caused by these tests. Despite initial assurances that the displacement of Marshallese islanders would be temporary, the atoll's contamination persists, threatening future generations. This study highlights the ongoing health and socio-political impacts on Marshallese communities, including radiation-related illnesses, dietary dependence on imported Western foods, and climate-induced displacement risks. Through an analysis of Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner’s protest poetry, the research reveals how contemporary Pacific Islanders leverage global platforms to raise awareness and seek redress for these interconnected issues.

Chinese tourists' views of nature and natural landscape interpretation: a generational perspective

Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2017 — WHECC71BE6B26

A significant generational divide exists among Chinese tourists at Wulingyuan, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, regarding their connection to nature and interest in animal experiences. While older generations exhibit stronger environmental concern and support for Western conservation approaches, younger cohorts show less anthropocentrism but are less inclined to engage with nature through tourism interpretation. The study reveals that traditional Chinese values, such as the concept of tian ren he yi (oneness of humans and nature), continue to influence tourists' perspectives, even as their attitudes converge with Western views on ethical and aesthetic appreciation of animals. This research highlights both cultural persistence and evolving generational preferences in natural landscape interpretation.

Chromosome mapping in Abracris flavolineata (De Geer, 1773) (Orthoptera) from the Iguaçu National Park – Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil

Iguaçu National Park — 2017 — WHEA44168E582

A cytomolecular analysis of Abracris flavolineata, conducted in Iguaçu National Park—a significant fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest—reveals remarkable karyotypic plasticity in the species. The study identified a diploid number of 23 chromosomes in males (22+X0), with distinct heterochromatic blocks predominantly marked by DAPI+, alongside CMA3+ and dual DAPI+/CMA3+ regions, suggesting genetic diversity. Notably, 18S rDNA sites were mapped to the short arms of five chromosome pairs, with two co-located with 5S rDNA, while histone H3 genes were localized on a single bivalent. This plasticity is hypothesized to stem from vicariant events shaping the species' geographical distribution across populations.

Chronological Study of Plinth Forms of Stupas in Central Gandhara, Taxila and Swat

Taxila — 2017 — WHE82D3D5D157

Stupas in Gandhara, particularly those at Taxila and Swat, exhibit distinct chronological transformations in their plinth forms, transitioning from single-story to multi-story designs between the 1st and 3rd centuries AD. While single-story stupas dominated early Buddhist temple construction (1st century), multi-story variants emerged later (2nd century) and persisted through the 5th century, notably at Butkara I. Regional variations were observed: Taxila showed an earlier adoption of both single and multi-story forms with increasing height over time, while Swat featured unique double-story designs across all sites. The study classified plinth forms based on physical characteristics—single, double (equal or smaller upper story), and multiple stories—and analyzed seven sites through field surveys and excavation reports, revealing both shared Gandharan features and localized differences.

Civilians Under Siege from Sarajevo to Troy

Archaeological Site of Troy — 2017 — WHEAC8ACE9602

Civilians Under Siege from Sarajevo to Troy offers a comparative analysis of siege warfare, highlighting the unique vulnerability of civilians during prolonged military engagements. The volume examines historical and contemporary sieges, drawing parallels between modern conflicts like Sarajevo and ancient ones such as Troy. It employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating archaeological evidence with historical accounts and sociopolitical analyses to explore the psychological, social, and physical impacts on civilian populations. By framing siege warfare as a distinct form of combat, the study underscores its enduring relevance in understanding the human experience under extreme conditions.

Claiming the Bonin Islands: Captain Beechey’s Plaque

Ogasawara Islands — 2017 — WHE872C149FF8

Captain Beechey’s plaque, affixed to a tree on Peel Island (Chichijima) in 1827, marked Britain’s early territorial claim over the Ogasawara Islands. While its sovereign significance waned over time, this study reasserts its historical importance as a catalyst for Anglo-Japanese diplomatic interactions and Japan’s first negotiations with the West over territorial sovereignty. The research traces the plaque’s provenance, revealing its role in shaping the transnational past of Chichijima’s descendants. Though later overshadowed by Japanese claims, the plaque remains a pivotal artifact in understanding early colonial diplomacy in the Pacific.

Classical Chinese Gardens: Landscapes for Self-Cultivation

Classical Gardens of Suzhou — 2017 — WHE545A90B976

Classical Chinese gardens, particularly those of Suzhou, serve as landscapes for self-cultivation, fostering environmental ethics, aesthetic appreciation, and moral character development. The study reveals that these gardens achieve this through the metaphorical connotations embedded in their natural and architectural elements. By analyzing the design philosophy of Suzhou gardens, the research demonstrates their potential to promote contemporary values such as ecological responsibility and ethical behavior. The approach involves a thematic exploration of three key areas: environmental ethics, aesthetics, and moral cultivation, offering insights that bridge traditional garden design with modern educational and ethical paradigms.

Classification of Residential Buildings in the Old City of Hebron

Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town — 2017 — WHE3E6390A94D

Residential buildings in Hebron's Old City exemplify a harmonious integration of architectural design with environmental and social needs, reflecting broader Islamic urban planning principles. These structures feature internal backyards, narrow streets, covered markets, and stone-paved courtyards, designed to optimize privacy, comfort, and collective living for extended families while adhering to Islamic construction rules. The buildings' shared external walls create a protective barrier around the city, providing shade and security. This study highlights how Muslim architects prioritized residents' welfare by adapting designs to local environmental conditions, ensuring both functional and aesthetic cohesion.

Classificazione della ceramica e analisi dei contesti all’inizio dell’età del Bronzo: la capanna F del villaggio di Filo Braccio (Filicudi, Isole Eolie)

Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands) — 2017 — WHE10ED9C8A0F

Aeolian Islands' Filo Braccio settlement offers unique insights into the Capo Graziano phase of early Bronze Age, revealing it as the earliest known arrival point for these cultures. The study of Hut F, spanning approximately 150 years, identifies three distinct phases with evolving ceramic forms and uses, including a rare depiction of boats in marine-themed designs. Unlike other Aeolian sites, Filicudi's isolation preserved local traditions, avoiding elaborate decorations seen elsewhere. The absence of violent destruction or abrupt abandonment suggests a gradual cultural shift. This research provides a detailed chronological framework for Capo Graziano ceramics, integrating functional analysis to reconstruct daily life and spatial organization within the hut.

Climate changes and wildfire alter vegetation of Yellowstone National Park, but forest cover persists

Yellowstone National Park — 2017 — WHE1E9A45C0CD

By mid-21st century, Yellowstone National Park's forest cover and species composition will shift significantly due to climate change and wildfire. Under moderate warming (>2°C) and increased precipitation (3–5%), burned area could rise 1.2–4.2 times, reducing forest cover by 10–44% and basal area by 14–60%. Lodgepole pine declines while Douglas-fir expands, driven by climate-altered fire regimes. Conversely, mild warming (<2°C) with higher precipitation (12–13%) may boost forest cover, favoring spruce and subalpine fir. These projections stem from FireBGCv2 model simulations under three climate scenarios, revealing how changing fire dynamics and species responses reshape the landscape.

Climate Characteristics of Safranbolu (Karabuk) and Saffron Cultivation

City of Safranbolu — 2017 — WHEE4534251D5

Safranbolu, Turkey, possesses climate characteristics highly suitable for saffron (Crocus sativus) cultivation, reaffirming its historical significance as a center for this precious spice. The study, using Thornthwaite climate classification and meteorological data from the General Directorate of Meteorology of Turkey, reveals that Safranbolu's arid-low humidity, mesothermal climate—lacking water excess and minimal sea effect—aligns with saffron's adaptability to temperatures ranging from -18°C to 45°C. Despite current limited cultivation in a few villages, the findings underscore Safranbolu's potential for expanded saffron production, leveraging its clay loam soil and favorable climate. The research employed systematic analysis and ArcGIS mapping, advocating for renewed focus on this 'golden' crop to restore its economic and cultural importance.

Climate warming as a driver of tundra shrubline advance

Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek — 2017 — WHEFF5986C31B

Tundra shrublines are advancing at measurable rates due to climate warming, with willow shrubs expanding upslope and increasing in cover by approximately 5% per decade. This finding, derived from a study in the Kluane Region of Yukon, Canada, suggests that shrubline advance is driven primarily by rising temperatures, particularly summer warmth influencing growth and winter conditions affecting recruitment. The research analyzed radial growth, age distributions, and field surveys across 14 sites, revealing low mortality and consistent recruitment patterns independent of elevation or aspect. These results align with broader trends in Arctic and alpine ecosystems, indicating that shrubline advance will persist if climate conditions remain favorable, though future variability between seasons could alter the trajectory of vegetation change.

Coelacanths from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and the pace of actinistian evolution

Monte San Giorgio — 2017 — WHE8180AFDE03

A comprehensive analysis of Middle Triassic coelacanths from the UNESCO World Heritage Site Monte San Giorgio reveals significant insights into the evolutionary pace of actinistian fish. This study, part of a broader project, examines fossilized coelacanth material from the Besano Formation in Switzerland, housed at the University of Zurich. The research aims to compare and describe these specimens, contributing to our understanding of their evolutionary trajectory. While Latimeria chalumnae was once thought to be an ancestor of four-legged vertebrates, this study focuses on clarifying its actual evolutionary position and pace, addressing ongoing debates in paleontology.

Coiban Agouti (Dasyprocta coibae) Density and Temporal Activity on Coiba Island, Veraguas, Panama

Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection — 2017 — WHEF0D5D62D4B

Research reveals that the Coiban agouti (Dasyprocta coibae), a vulnerable rodent endemic to Coiba Island, Panama, exhibits a population density of 73.3 individuals per square kilometer, positively correlated with primary forest cover. Camera trap surveys detected 2114 instances, indicating higher activity on government-maintained trails and during daylight hours (06:00–19:00), particularly in late May to early June. The study suggests that Coiba Island's habitat may be limiting for agoutis due to lower predation risk compared to related species in Central America. These findings underscore the effectiveness of camera traps for future population monitoring, providing critical data to guide conservation efforts and reassess the species' vulnerable status.

Collaborative Governance of Protected Areas: Success Factors and Prospects for Hin Nam No National Protected Area, Central Laos

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2017 — WHE0D21C6C3F1

Successful collaborative governance of protected areas, such as Hin Nam No National Protected Area in central Laos, hinges on community engagement incentives, formal power-sharing mechanisms, local resource ownership, downward accountability, trust-building strategies, and adaptive performance assessment. This study identifies these conditions as critical for decentralized and democratic governance models rooted in customary rights. While Hin Nam No demonstrates potential for such an approach, its long-term success depends on sustained political will to strengthen and maintain these arrangements. The research employs a qualitative analysis framework to evaluate governance structures, contributing valuable insights to the discourse on protected area management in Asia.