Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow


World Heritage Identification Number: 545

World Heritage since: 1990

Category: Cultural Heritage

Transboundary Heritage: No

Endangered Heritage: No

Country: 🇷🇺 Russian Federation

Continent: Europe

UNESCO World Region: Europe and North America

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The Kremlin and Red Square: A Historical and Cultural Landmark in Moscow

The Kremlin and Red Square, located in the heart of Moscow, Russia, stand as a testament to the rich history, culture, and political significance of the nation. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990, this iconic ensemble has been the backdrop for some of the most crucial events in Russian history since the 13th century.

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UNESCO Description of the World Heritage Site

Inextricably linked to all the most important historical and political events in Russia since the 13th century, the Kremlin (built between the 14th and 17th centuries by outstanding Russian and foreign architects) was the residence of the Great Prince and also a religious centre. At the foot of its ramparts, on Red Square, St Basil's Basilica is one of the most beautiful Russian Orthodox monuments.

Encyclopedia Record: Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin, commonly known as just the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia. Located in the centre of the country's capital city, the Moscow Kremlin comprises five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall along with the Kremlin towers. In the complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace, which was one of the royal residences of the Tsar of Russia, and now is the residence of the president of the Russian Federation. The Moscow Kremlin overlooks the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the west.

Read more on Wikipedia

Additional Site Details

Area: 42.1 hectares

UNESCO Criteria: (i) — Masterpiece of human creative genius
(ii) — Significant interchange of human values
(iv) — Outstanding example of a type of building or landscape
(vi) — Directly associated with events or living traditions

Coordinates: 55.7540277778 , 37.6204166667

Image

Image of Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow

© A.Savin, CC BY-SA 3.0 Resized from original. (This derivative is under the same CC BY-SA license.)

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Nearby World Heritage Sites

Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent
5 km — Russian Federation
Church of the Ascension, Kolomenskoye
11 km — Russian Federation
Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
70 km — Russian Federation
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
180 km — Russian Federation
Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl
252 km — Russian Federation

Country Information: Russian Federation

Flag of Russian Federation

Official Name: Russian Federation

Capital: Moscow

Continent: Europe

Population (2024): 143,533,851

Population (2023): 143,826,130

Population (2022): 144,236,933

Land Area: 16,376,870 sq km

Currency: Russian ruble (RUB)

Country Data Sources

Last updated: January 18, 2026

Portions of the page Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow are based on data from UNESCO — World Heritage List Dataset and on text from the Wikipedia article Kremlin, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changes made. Additional original content by World Heritage Explorer (WHE), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. WHE is not affiliated with UNESCO or the World Heritage Committee. Legal Notice. Privacy Policy.

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