Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System


World Heritage Identification Number: 1459

World Heritage since: 2014

Category: Cultural Heritage

Transboundary Heritage: Yes

Endangered Heritage: No

Country: Argentina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Continent: NA

UNESCO World Region: Latin America and the Caribbean

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The Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System: A Remarkable Incan Legacy

The Qhapaq Ñan, also known as the Andean Road System, is an impressive testament to the ingenuity and ambition of the Inca civilization. Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014, this extensive network of roads spans over 30,000 kilometers, making it one of the most extensive and advanced transportation systems in pre-Columbian South America.

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UNESCO Description of the World Heritage Site

This site is an extensive Inca communication, trade and defence network of roads covering 30,000 km. Constructed by the Incas over several centuries and partly based on pre-Inca infrastructure, this extraordinary network through one of the world’s most extreme geographical terrains linked the snow-capped peaks of the Andes – at an altitude of more than 6,000 m – to the coast, running through hot rainforests, fertile valleys and absolute deserts. It reached its maximum expansion in the 15th century, when it spread across the length and breadth of the Andes. The Qhapac Ñan, Andean Road System includes 273 component sites spread over more than 6,000 km that were selected to highlight the social, political, architectural and engineering achievements of the network, along with its associated infrastructure for trade, accommodation and storage, as well as sites of religious significance.

 

Encyclopedia Record: Inca road system

The Inca road system was the most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America. It was about 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi) long in total. The construction of the roads required a large expenditure of time and effort.

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Additional Site Details

Area: 3,642.807 hectares

UNESCO Criteria: (ii) — Significant interchange of human values
(iii) — Unique or exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition
(iv) — Outstanding example of a type of building or landscape
(vi) — Directly associated with events or living traditions

Coordinates: -18.25 , -69.5916666667

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Image of Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System

© Aga Khan (IT), CC BY-SA 4.0 Resized from original. (This derivative is under the same CC BY-SA license.)

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Last updated: January 18, 2026

Portions of the page Qhapaq Ñan, Andean Road System are based on data from UNESCO — World Heritage List Dataset and on text from the Wikipedia article Inca road system, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changes made. Additional original content by World Heritage Explorer (WHE), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. WHE is not affiliated with UNESCO or the World Heritage Committee. Legal Notice. Privacy Policy.

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