Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur


World Heritage Identification Number: 322

World Heritage since: 1985

Category: Cultural Heritage

Transboundary Heritage: No

Endangered Heritage: No

Country: 🇧🇩 Bangladesh

Continent: Asia

UNESCO World Region: Asia and the Pacific

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The Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur: A Testament to Ancient Bengali Architecture and Buddhist Culture

The Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, located in the district of Naogaon in present-day Bangladesh, stand as a significant reminder of the historical and cultural richness of ancient Bengal. Inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985, this monumental complex offers valuable insights into the development of Mahayana Buddhism in the region during the 7th to 12th centuries.

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UNESCO Description of the World Heritage Site

Evidence of the rise of Mahayana Buddhism in Bengal from the 7th century onwards, Somapura Mahavira, or the Great Monastery, was a renowned intellectual centre until the 12th century. Its layout perfectly adapted to its religious function, this monastery-city represents a unique artistic achievement. With its simple, harmonious lines and its profusion of carved decoration, it influenced Buddhist architecture as far away as Cambodia.

Encyclopedia Record: Somapura Mahavihara

Somapura Mahavihara, also known as Paharpur Buddhist Vihara, is a major Buddhist monastery (mahavihara) in Paharpur, Badalgachhi, Naogaon, Bangladesh. It is among the best known Buddhist viharas in the Indian Subcontinent and is one of the most important archaeological sites in the country. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.

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Additional Site Details

Area: Not available

UNESCO Criteria: (i) — Masterpiece of human creative genius
(ii) — Significant interchange of human values
(vi) — Directly associated with events or living traditions

Coordinates: 25.03333333 , 88.98333333

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Image of Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur

© Abdulmominbd, CC BY-SA 4.0 Resized from original. (This derivative is under the same CC BY-SA license.)

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Nearby World Heritage Sites

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276 km — Bangladesh
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Country Information: Bangladesh

Flag of Bangladesh

Official Name: People's Republic of Bangladesh

Capital: Dhaka

Continent: Asia

Population (2024): 173,562,364

Population (2023): 171,466,990

Population (2022): 169,384,897

Land Area: 130,170 sq km

Currency: Bangladeshi taka (BDT)

Country Data Sources

Last updated: January 18, 2026

Portions of the page Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur are based on data from UNESCO — World Heritage List Dataset and on text from the Wikipedia article Somapura Mahavihara, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changes made. Additional original content by World Heritage Explorer (WHE), licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. WHE is not affiliated with UNESCO or the World Heritage Committee. Legal Notice. Privacy Policy.

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