Iguaçu National Park
—
2020 —
WHEE4CC35EE86
A study on the eastern edge of Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, reveals that seasonal climatic conditions significantly influence the abundance and composition of benthic macroinvertebrates. Researchers identified 88 taxa, with Diptera being the most abundant and diverse order. The findings indicate higher occurrences and diversity during intermediate and lower precipitation/temperature periods, suggesting a varied response to environmental factors. This research enhances our understanding of stream ecosystems in biodiversity hotspots like the Atlantic Forest, providing critical data for biomonitoring efforts amid ongoing anthropogenic threats.
Ngorongoro Conservation Area
—
2020 —
WHEB7C332E85F
Grey crowned cranes (Balearica regulorum), an endangered species, exhibit significant seasonal variation in abundance within the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania. Research reveals that crane densities are markedly lower during the wet season (2.4/km²) compared to the dry season (20.2/km²). This study utilized line-transect distance sampling across multiple 2-km road segments to estimate crane populations in April and August 2016, analyzing data from 106 transects with observations of 174 crane groups ranging from 1 to 61 individuals. The findings suggest that the Ngorongoro Crater serves as a critical seasonal habitat for cranes, particularly during the dry season when they concentrate in perennial wetlands. This underscores the site's importance for crane conservation efforts in northern Tanzania.
Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church
—
2020 —
WHE0E154141E1
Wall and panel paintings in the sanctuary and south transept of Westminster Abbey were intricately linked to the furnishings and usage of these spaces, reflecting both ritualistic intent and the chaotic realities of court life during Henry III to Edward II. The study reveals that while liturgical texts often idealize behavior, actual practices—such as riotous conditions during court rituals—shaped the design and function of elements like sedilia (seating for clergy) in the sanctuary. Similarly, murals in the south transept amplified relic cults but were viewed under uncertain access routes and seating arrangements, suggesting a dynamic interplay between visual amplification and physical agency. The research combines liturgical analysis with historical documentation to reconstruct these spaces' multifaceted roles, bridging idealized ritual and lived experience.
Venice and its Lagoon
—
2020 —
WHE89FF0AEA3B
Sediment carbon variations in the Venice Lagoon and adjacent transitional water systems exhibit strong correlations with anthropogenic impacts, particularly eutrophication and clam-fishing activities. Inorganic carbon (Cinorg) is linked to sediment origins—carbonate or siliceous—and its levels, along with organic carbon (Corg), fluctuate significantly under different environmental pressures. Higher sediment density, grain size, and pH are associated with good ecological conditions, marked by increased biological inorganic carbon such as shell fragments and calcified macroalgae. Conversely, Corg, indicative of eutrophic conditions, is heavily influenced by sediment disturbance and high bivalve concentrations, which accelerate its consumption. The study analyzed surface sediments from 1987 to 2011, integrating data from the Venice Lagoon, Po Delta lagoons, Comacchio Valleys, and Pialassa della Baiona, revealing nuanced relationships between carbon dynamics and ecological health in these vulnerable coastal ecosystems.
Göbekli Tepe
—
2020 —
WHEF9387A3188
A meta-analysis of radiocarbon ages from Göbekli Tepe reveals two distinct phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity, occurring between 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 thousand years ago (ka BP). These periods align with demographic growth in southern Turkey and significant climatic variations across the region, including the introduction of organized agriculture and the seeder plough. The study employs sediment cascades as a framework to disentangle the complex interplay between human impact—such as population growth, sedentism, and livestock herding—and natural dynamics like climate variability. While these phases correlate with broader trends in the Eastern Mediterranean, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor early herding practices left a clear geomorphological signature. The research highlights the challenges of reconstructing past landscapes shaped by both human societies and environmental changes.
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst
—
2020 —
WHEF04D06E4B0
A multidisciplinary analysis of relic fluvial deposits in the Demänová Cave System, part of the UNESCO-listed Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst, reveals unprecedented insights into the hydrological history of underground karst conduits. The study identifies 10 allostratigraphic units within a compound sidebar deposit, spanning from gravel to mud, and time-constrained by speleothem U-series isotopic dating. These deposits provide a detailed record of cave-floor sedimentation morphodynamics from the middle Pleistocene to the present, correlating with regional climate changes. Two distinct episodes of flow ponding are attributed to downstream cave-roof collapses, likely triggered by Carpathian post-orogenic earthquakes, adding a new dimension to the understanding of speleological processes and karst hydrology.
Murujuga Cultural Landscape
—
2020 —
WHEBFAAF18A63
A combination of photogrammetry, LiDAR, and microphotography reveals the potential for remote sensing techniques to document and reconstruct Aboriginal stone structures on Rosemary Island (Murujuga), offering insights into their distribution and resilience to sea-level rise. The study highlights how these methods can be used to detect similar submerged features in adjacent waters, while also acknowledging challenges posed by naturally rocky and spinifex-covered landscapes. Topographic LiDAR surveys conducted before and after a wildfire further demonstrate the utility—and limitations—of such techniques for understanding terrestrial heritage in dynamic environments.
Tabriz Historic Bazaar Complex
—
2020 —
WHE1EEC5D885F
Historical masonry structures, such as the Mozaffarieh Timche in Tabriz's UNESCO-listed bazaar complex, lack seismic resistance due to their original design focusing solely on gravitational loads. Research reveals that both orthogonal walls and vaults exhibit inadequate lateral load capacity, necessitating retrofitting to prevent collapse or extensive cracking during earthquakes. Two strengthening methods are proposed: steel ties to reinforce and connect walls, and a spatial structure on the roof to control vault displacement. These interventions significantly improve seismic performance while preserving the historic architectural integrity of the structure.
Byblos
—
2020 —
WHEE69EDE220C
A seismic risk assessment for Byblos, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, reveals significant potential for casualties and direct economic damage from earthquakes. The study models structural building damage, fatalities, and financial losses to support Byblos' resilience strategy under the '100 Resilient Cities' initiative. It identifies critical gaps in seismic preparedness and provides actionable recommendations for emergency planning, prevention, and recovery efforts. By integrating these findings into local governance strategies, authorities can enhance civil protection and mitigate the impact of future seismic events on this culturally significant site.
Masada
—
2020 —
WHE1A4C49497B
Researchers have uncovered significant seismic activity beneath the Dead Sea basin (DSB) using a deep borehole seismometer installed at 1516 meters below sea level near Masada, Israel. This innovative approach recorded 1491 high-quality seismograms with a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio than surface observations, detecting microearthquakes down to magnitudes well below M = 0. The study identified clusters of earthquakes occurring at depths of 10–25 km, providing unprecedented insights into the tectonics and hazards of the DSB. The findings suggest that the b-value for these events is higher than previously observed in the broader DSF area, indicating a unique seismic behavior in this region.
Archaeological Site of Volubilis
—
2020 —
WHECF77CCF3A1
A seismic vulnerability assessment of the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla in Volubilis, Morocco, reveals significant structural weaknesses despite its 1930s restoration. The arch, dating back to 216 AD, suffered severe damage during the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which nearly destroyed it entirely. By analyzing historical drawings and archaeological evidence, researchers reconstructed the arch's original configuration and traced its seismic history. Using a rigid-block structural model, they assessed its current vulnerability to future earthquakes, providing critical insights for conservation efforts. This study highlights the long-term impact of seismic events on ancient structures and underscores the need for proactive measures to safeguard such heritage sites.
Ngorongoro Conservation Area
—
2020 —
WHEDE4677DF24
A passive seismic experiment in Tanzania's Ngorongoro Conservation Area revealed that the Olduvai Basin, known as the 'Cradle of Human Mankind,' may contain sedimentary records at least 200 meters deeper than previously thought. This finding was achieved through a novel approach using power spectral density measurements to map the basin's depth, confirming its significance for paleoenvironmental studies. Additionally, the study provided unprecedented detail of seismicity in the area, showing that fault systems on the western flank of the Eastern African Rift merge at depth into a single detachment linked to the Manyara fault. The research also highlighted potential overestimations of local magnitudes due to wave-amplification effects in loose sedimentary sites.
Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
—
2020 —
WHE133AE7505C
Indigenous communities can proactively respond to tourism-driven gentrification by developing their own entrepreneurial ventures, a strategy termed 'self-gentrification.' This approach allows them to conserve cultural heritage while improving socio-economic status. The study examines two case studies: the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces UNESCO World Heritage Site in China and the Chi-mei community in Taiwan. Both demonstrate how Indigenous communities can leverage tourism opportunities without losing autonomy or cultural identity. The research highlights the potential of self-gentrification as a sustainable model for balancing development, heritage conservation, and Indigenous rights.
Island of Gorée
—
2020 —
WHE57101BA33E
Gorée Island, located off Senegal's coast, serves as a poignant symbol of the African slave trade and its enduring impact on Senegalese society. This study reveals that collective trauma from slavery was historically repressed, with Senegalese people avoiding open discourse about this painful history due to shame and lingering wounds. The research argues for the importance of visual rhetoric in addressing and affirming this history, suggesting that confronting these narratives visually can facilitate healing and societal reflection. By analyzing Gorée Island's role as a site of captivity and departure for millions, the study highlights its significance as both a historical marker and a catalyst for national dialogue. The findings emphasize the need for African-led storytelling—particularly in film—to preserve and interpret this history authentically.
Borobudur Temple Compounds
—
2020 —
WHEEF88F2B6FD
A sentiment analysis of visitor reviews at Borobudur Temple, using TripAdvisor data from 2017 to 2019, revealed that 76% of reviews were positive, 15% neutral, and 9% negative. The study employed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, achieving 100% accuracy with 401 test cases trained on 247 data points. This approach demonstrates the effectiveness of SVM in categorizing tourist sentiment, providing valuable insights for heritage site management and visitor experience optimization.
Białowieża Forest
—
2020 —
WHEF53AEDF0BD
A study using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery found that the MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) and Brightness Index (BI) are highly effective for detecting deforestation, particularly in the Białowieża Forest World Heritage Site. These indices, derived from high-resolution visible and infrared data processed via ESA's SNAP software, outperformed other radiometric and biophysical indicators like NDVI and RVI. The research analyzed pre- and post-logging imagery (2016–2018) to assess the potential of remote sensing for environmental monitoring in areas lacking ground-based data. Visualized using QGIS, these findings highlight Sentinel-2's utility for tracking illegal logging and supporting conservation efforts.
Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments
—
2020 —
WHE07942D80DB
This introductory piece highlights the significance of community engagement and digital technology in preserving and promoting UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as Saint Petersburg (Russia) and Old Havana (Cuba). It explores how local communities play a pivotal role in revitalization efforts, while also examining the emerging influence of the World Heritage Watch movement. The text further analyzes the intersection of cultural tourism, sustainable development, and multimedia technologies, offering insights into the dynamic relationship between heritage preservation and modern advancements. By synthesizing diverse case studies—ranging from Romania to the UK and India—the introduction underscores the importance of collaborative approaches in safeguarding and valorizing global heritage.
Taï National Park
—
2020 —
WHE557BCE5A93
A significant portion of the rural population near Taï National Park (TNP), Côte d’Ivoire, exhibits serological evidence of exposure to Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva), a pathogen linked to wildlife mortality in the park. The study, analyzing sera from 1,386 volunteers, found a 22.37% seroprevalence for protective antigen PA and 10.46% for Bcbva-specific antigen pXO2-60, suggesting human exposure to this untypical anthrax-causing pathogen. While bushmeat contact was common among participants, risk factor analysis did not identify significant predictors of seroprevalence. The findings highlight the potential threat posed by Bcbva to local communities and underscore the need for heightened awareness and further research on its impact in the region.
Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church
—
2020 —
WHE265D5DA733
A notable event during the Sixth International Congress on Accounting in 1952 was a special service held in Westminster Abbey, attended by over one thousand members of Congress, many accompanied by their partners. The service, conducted at 10:30 a.m. on June 16th with the permission of the Dean of Westminster, the Very Reverend A. C. Don, was led by the Dean and assisted by the Precentor, the Reverend C. T. H. Dams. This gathering highlights the significance of Westminster Abbey as a venue for formal and ceremonial occasions, reflecting its historical and cultural importance in both religious and civic contexts.
Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian
—
2020 —
WHECC714AE849
Shake table testing of scaled models of two historical masonry structures revealed critical insights into their seismic stability, failure mechanisms, and weak points. The study focused on the Old Bridge in Mostar and the ancient Protiron structure in Split, providing essential data on their seismic response, including accelerations, displacements, and strains, which were used to verify analytical models. These findings are crucial for designing health monitoring systems for these heritage structures, ensuring their preservation in seismically active regions.
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains
—
2020 —
WHE2101660623
A shaking table test revealed that bedding rock slopes with weak structural planes exhibit significant seismic response variations under different earthquake conditions, particularly demonstrating 'elevation' and 'surface effects.' These effects weaken as seismic amplitude increases but become more pronounced with resonance induced by specific seismic waves, such as the EL Centro wave. The study identified a two-stage failure mechanism: initial formation of a sliding shear plane followed by overall slope instability. Conducted at a 1:10 similarity ratio, the test analyzed acceleration and displacement responses to simulate earthquakes like Wenchuan Wolong and Kobe, providing critical insights for understanding and mitigating seismic risks in fragile geological settings.
Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco
—
2020 —
WHE715207B156
Researchers have mapped the shallow geological structures of the Chalco and Xochimilco sub-basins, part of Mexico City's UNESCO-listed historic center, revealing a complex volcanic-sedimentary infill shaped by tectonic forces. Using seismic data from a 3000 m deep well and wave propagation modeling, they identified key features such as the base of lacustrine sediments and basaltic basement, separated by structural highs interpreted as volcanic flows. The study found that the Xochimilco sub-basin's shallow lacustrine sediments thin northwestward, while Chalco's reflectors indicate deformation during deposition. High-amplitude seismic reflections suggest impedance contrasts between geological units, with strata thicknesses implying sedimentation cycles of ~30,000 years. This work provides a foundation for understanding seismic amplification in these tectonic depressions and reconstructs paleo-environmental changes in the southern Mexico Basin over the last 250,000–375,000 years.
Megalithic Temples of Malta
—
2020 —
WHE79B1D6C964
Sheltering structures implemented at three UNESCO-listed megalithic temples in Malta—Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra, and Tarxien—have shown promise in mitigating environmental stressors such as rainfall, surface weathering, and thermal stress. A decade-long research program, combining Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling with long-term environmental monitoring, aims to quantify the shelters' effectiveness. By integrating macroscale regional models with mesoscale temple-specific analyses, researchers seek to establish correlations between environmental conditions and material deterioration patterns. This approach offers potential for targeted conservation strategies, though findings remain ongoing.
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
—
2020 —
WHE0C11C2CC49
A case study at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka, demonstrates that shields mounted on electrical posts significantly reduced electrocution deaths among toque macaques (Macaca sinica). Over a 12-year period post-installation, no electrocutions were recorded, compared to 18 incidents in the preceding 12 years. The study highlights the effectiveness of simple interventions like shields and insulated PVC pipes in mitigating risks for primates and other arboreal mammals near human habitats. While not all electrocution hotspots could be addressed, the findings suggest broader applications for such measures in power distribution planning to protect wildlife.
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
—
2020 —
WHE448E62ABD9
Bauhaus architecture, celebrated for its objectivity and standardization, reflects the trauma of modern times, including World War I. The study proposes that the Bauhaus movement's aesthetic principles—rooted in mechanical lifestyle and defense against trauma—remain relevant today due to their response to the triplicity of traumatic modernity: primary helplessness, existential void, and war devastation. This insight was sparked by an intuitive connection between Bauhaus design and the experiences of 'war-tremblers,' soldiers traumatized by World War I. The research approach combines personal reflection with historical context, drawing parallels between architectural style and psychological trauma to explain the enduring appeal of Bauhaus aesthetics in modern society.
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
—
2020 —
WHE356B6CCD50
Low-severity fire significantly increases the production and translocation of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with PyC concentrations rising in both organic and mineral soil layers post-fire. The study, which analyzed soils from areas affected by the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 Fire—including a NEON site—found that higher-severity burns led to greater PyC accumulation in surface horizons (O-horizon) compared to lower-severity fires. Over time, PyC moved deeper into mineral soils, suggesting fire suppression may alter carbon cycling dynamics. This research highlights the role of fire as a mechanism for PyC formation and vertical transport, providing insights into soil carbon stability and ecosystem resilience.
Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park
—
2020 —
WHE40A1B49EA1
A successful short-term intervention using salt-licks and community engagement effectively prevented retaliatory killing of a Baird’s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) involved in crop-raiding within the La Amistad Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica. The study highlights the potential of rapid response strategies—combining on-site interviews with landowners and alternative solutions—to mitigate human-wildlife conflict without lethal outcomes. This approach offers a practical model for conservation efforts where tapir-human interactions pose risks to both species. The findings underscore the importance of proactive measures in reducing retaliatory killings, a critical issue identified in global tapir conservation planning.
Mount Wuyi
—
2020 —
WHE03DDE84917
A new study challenges the long-standing debate on the age of volcanic rocks in the Lengshuikeng Ag–Pb–Zn ore field, North Wuyi Mountains, South China. Using SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating, researchers identified two distinct populations of zircons—autocrystic and xenocrystic—in ignimbrites and tuffs from the region. The autocrystic zircons indicate that these pyroclastic rocks formed during the Early Lower Cretaceous (~140 Ma), while xenocrystic zircons suggest earlier granitic intrusions in the Early Upper Jurassic (155–159 Ma). This finding resolves conflicting age estimates and highlights the complexity of interpreting zircon ages in volcaniclastic rocks, where younger U–Pb dates may not always reflect the true formation or eruption age if juvenile or vitric pyroclasts are absent or scarce.
Dougga / Thugga
—
2020 —
WHE0E70B16E80
Libyco-Berber inscriptions from Dougga, dating to the second century BCE, reveal seven distinct sibilant signs that likely represent different pronunciations. This challenges the traditional view of graphemic variants and suggests a more complex phonetic system, potentially involving three or four articulations with length contrasts. The study has significant implications for understanding the relationship between Libyco-Berber and Proto-Berber, as it sheds light on how sibilant systems evolved in these ancient languages. By analyzing inscriptions from Dougga, researchers provide new insights into the phonetic structure of Libyco-Berber, contributing to broader debates about language reconstruction and historical linguistics.
Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes
—
2020 —
WHE4D614066D6
Volcanic ash soils on Jeju Island, Korea, exhibit distinct silicon (Si) fractionation patterns that significantly influence groundwater Si content. Research reveals that while most Si is bound in unavailable forms such as primary and secondary silicates, Andisols—common in high-precipitation regions—show notably higher adsorbed Si concentrations (100–1400 mg kg−1), approximately five times greater than non-Andisols. This suggests enhanced Si solubility in Andisols, potentially impacting groundwater Si levels. The study quantified these fractions using a sequential extraction method, comparing Jeju's volcanic soils with mainland Korean forest soils. It found that amorphous Si was the second-largest fraction in non-Andisols, while pedogenic oxides and hydroxides dominated in Jeju's Andisols, often containing short-range-order minerals like allophane (4–40%). These findings highlight the unique soil formation processes on Jeju Island and their implications for groundwater chemistry.
Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites
—
2020 —
WHEF7702C40B9
Gunma Prefecture, known as Japan's 'Silk Country,' experienced a dramatic transition in its silk mill industry after World War II. Initially thriving with over 30 mills recovering post-war due to domestic demand, the sector declined sharply following economic recessions and cheaper imports, leaving only one operational mill today. Research reveals that former mill sites are now repurposed into five categories: public facilities, commercial complexes, housing districts, factories, and open spaces. While some retain traces of their silk mill heritage, most lack clear historical markers due to redevelopment pressures. The study identifies this shift as a consequence of economic forces and urbanization, highlighting the challenges of preserving industrial heritage in modern landscapes.
Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
—
2020 —
WHE513A781F1C
A silver artifact discovered at Old Nisa, a Parthian fortress now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been reattributed by researchers. Previously thought to be a ceremonial axe symbolizing martial power, the silver kithara arm and its cylindrical yoke with tuning pins suggest it was part of a larger musical instrument, likely from a bronze or silver statue. This reattribution challenges conventional interpretations and sheds new light on the cultural significance of such artifacts in Greco-Iranian contexts during the 2nd century BC. The study employs stylistic analysis to date the kithara between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC, supported by comparisons with Hellenistic pictorial evidence. Reconstruction drawings provide further insight into its design, contributing to our understanding of ancient musical instruments and their symbolic roles in antiquity.
Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China
—
2020 —
WHEA2C4CA46E0
Researchers have developed a method to predict urban growth that balances development with ecological protection, offering a new approach for sustainable urban planning. By integrating the ecological security pattern (ESP) into urban growth simulations, the study identified optimal scenarios for Quanzhou, China, using a multi-level ESP framework that considers water, geology, biodiversity, and recreation. The simulation, conducted with the SLEUTH model, excluded areas designated as critical for ecological security, resulting in three distinct urban sprawl scenarios. The findings recommend an 'optimal' growth scenario that minimizes environmental impact while supporting urban expansion, providing actionable insights for policymakers to foster more environmentally-friendly urban development.
Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region
—
2020 —
WHE4F0951B164
The extension of the UNESCO World Heritage Site 'Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region' now includes the north-western Albanian part of Lake Ohrid, revealing significant prehistoric and Early Christian heritage. The Lin Peninsula, a key addition, hosts the remains of an Early Christian church from the mid-6th century, while shallow waters near the shores preserve evidence of prehistoric pile dwellings. This expansion underscores Lake Ohrid's status as a superlative natural phenomenon, home to numerous endemic species of freshwater fauna and flora dating back to the Tertiary period. The site's unique combination of cultural and natural heritage highlights its global significance.
Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo
—
2020 —
WHEB8E91BB18A
A significant increase in threats to protected areas in Colón, Panama, is jeopardizing their ecological integrity. The study reveals diverse challenges across four key sites—Parque Nacional Portobelo, Bosque Protector y Paisaje Protegido San Lorenzo, Área Recreativa Lago Gatún, and Paisaje Protegido de Isla Galeta—highlighting the need for urgent intervention. Researchers analyzed social, administrative, economic, legal, natural resource, and cultural dimensions using fieldwork and institutional data, identifying gaps in management effectiveness. Recommendations include strategic partnerships, enhanced education, scientific knowledge expansion, and increased trained personnel to mitigate threats and improve conservation outcomes.
Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve
—
2020 —
WHEE27D38B789
A significant decline in the population of Cuyamel (Joturus pichardi), a culturally and commercially important fish species, has been observed in the Reserva del Hombre y la Biosfera del Río Plátano (RHBRP). Despite its importance, the Cuyamel is not a primary target for local fishermen, yet it faces illegal fishing threats from external sources, exacerbated by overfishing and destructive practices like dynamite use and poisoning. The study applied the 'Marine and Lagunar Fishing Monitoring Protocol' to assess fishing activities and biological sampling, revealing a sharp reduction in fish populations. Recommendations include continued monitoring of artisanal fisheries, training for local technicians, and exploring cultivation possibilities for the species in its natural habitat.
Prambanan Temple Compounds
—
2020 —
WHED67F9DA9D7
Prambanan Temple Complex, despite being perceived as a site for equal worship of Trimūrti (Brahmā, Visnu, and Śiva), is revealed to be an archetype of Śivaistik theology in Nusantara. The study demonstrates that Prambanan embodies two distinct theological typologies: Nirguna Brahman, where it serves as a place to worship Parabrahman (The Absolute), and Saguna Brahman, where it functions as Śivagrha, the House of Lord Śiva, with Śiva as the highest Devata. This finding challenges the prevalent belief that Trimūrti is worshipped equally in Nusantara Hinduism. The research employs Ethnographic Content Analysis (ECA) to dissect the temple's structure and associated manuscripts, confirming its Śivaistic concept through architectural patterns like Vāstupurusamandala. This approach underscores Prambanan's significance as a grand temple complex reflecting deep theological nuances in ancient Hindu heritage.
Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev
—
2020 —
WHEA008DA316F
Archaeologists have uncovered six milestone stations and four inscribed milestones along the lost segment of the ancient Petra-Gaza Incense Route in the Negev Desert, bridging a 7 km gap previously identified by Zeev Meshel and Yoram Tsafrir. These inscriptions represent the first dated texts from the incense route in the region, offering new insights into Nabataean trade networks and historical chronology. The discovery was made during a winter survey in 2018, confirming the scholars' earlier hypothesis about the road's continuity despite the absence of visible remains along the presumed path.
Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands
—
2020 —
WHE4A1CD8C0FA
Precontact Marquesans exhibited generally good health, contrary to expectations of increased disease and warfare during the Expansion Period. Analysis of 81 skeletons from Ha'atuatua, Nuku Hiva, revealed few signs of significant palaeopathology in adults and no marked sex differences in health indicators. While subadults showed evidence of infection, anemia, or metabolic disease, with many dying in infancy, their health patterns mirrored those observed in other East Polynesian populations. The study suggests that the precontact inhabitants were robust, with males comparable in stature to other East Polynesians. Elevated stress fractures in adults may indicate labor-intensive activities related to landscape changes and megalithic construction. This bioarchaeological research challenges previous assumptions about health and lifestyle during this period.
Mount Etna
—
2020 —
WHE8CFE5EDE4C
New geodynamic interpretations reveal that deep crustal shortening beneath Mount Etna, one of Europe's few active volcanoes, is driven by trench-parallel slab breakoff and fore-arc mantle flow. This tectonic inversion, marked by a large thrust-ramp structure, suggests that the opening of a gateway in the Ionian slab has allowed mantle mobilization, influencing magmatic source mixing and underplating processes beneath Etna. The study combines lithospheric reconstructions, seismicity analysis, and stress state modeling to argue that this compressional regime—contrasting with previous extensional conditions—significantly impacts Etna's volcanic dynamics, potentially indicating a transition toward decline. Comparisons with extinct southern Tyrrhenian volcanic systems further support these findings.
Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao
—
2020 —
WHEE82677F2EF
A potential UNESCO World Heritage nomination for the plantation system of western Curaçao could safeguard its unique but eroding landscape, but success hinges on addressing historical controversies, particularly slavery. The study argues that a nomination should acknowledge the dark aspects of history and shift focus from architecture to cultural landscapes, including diverse modes of production like salt, water, and mining. It also emphasizes the need for broader popular support and systematic research to bridge knowledge gaps. Two strategies are proposed: a new nomination or extending the existing Willemstad site, which could highlight the city's multicultural heritage.
Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats
—
2020 —
WHE4ABFCCCCDD
Tidal flats, such as South Korea's getbol, exhibit 'slippery ontologies'—dynamic and ambiguous materialities that resist modern attempts to classify or measure them. This study reveals how their in-between nature, neither land nor sea, frustrates efforts to place them within structured knowledge systems. Through interviews with scientists and comparative analysis of land-water spaces, it highlights the contributions of both non-human elements (e.g., sediment, organisms) and human practices to this slipperiness. The research underscores that embracing tidal flats' fluid ontologies could mitigate their endangerment, as over half of South Korea's tidal flats have been lost to reclamation in the past century.
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves
—
2020 —
WHE261CBDF262
A study on the beaches of Fernando de Noronha Island, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites, reveals that small microplastics (SMP) are prevalent, with synthetic fibers being the predominant type. The research analyzed SMP from 15 sandy beaches, categorizing them by shape, color, and size. No significant difference was found in the concentration of SMP between windward and leeward beaches, indicating that environmental factors controlling the transport and deposition of synthetic fibers may differ from those affecting fragments. While allochthonous sources are challenging to prevent at a small scale, the study underscores the necessity for management actions to curb autochthonous sources of microplastics on the island.
Simien National Park
—
2020 —
WHE7209A2B4C2
A recent reassessment of small terrestrial mammal distributions in Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia, reveals significant upward elevational shifts in species' ranges over the past 88 years, suggesting a strong influence of climate change on these endemic mammals. The study, conducted between September and November 2015 at four elevations along the western slope of the Simien Mountains, recorded 13 species—all endemic to the Ethiopian Plateau—with the highest species richness observed at mid-elevations (3,250 m). This pattern contrasts with broader global trends but aligns with African mountain ecosystems. By comparing these findings to historical data from 1927, researchers highlighted the potential impact of climate change on the elevational distribution of small mammals in this critical biodiversity hotspot.
Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena
—
2020 —
WHE48879EC85C
A five-year ethnographic study in Cartagena, Colombia, reveals that social inequalities—rooted in class, skin color, gender, and sexual orientation—synergistically increase vulnerability to HIV infection, particularly within the city's sexual tourism industry. The research found that poverty, racialization, and gender disparities historically sustain dynamics that fuel this industry, thereby elevating HIV risk for marginalized groups. The study highlights a distinct link between globalized sexual tourism and Cartagena's colonial-era racialized social structure, illustrating how these intersecting factors complicate safe sex practices and perpetuate HIV transmission.
Taï National Park
—
2020 —
WHE0329CCC611
High-ranking female chimpanzees in Taï National Park, Côte d’Ivoire, consistently secure greater access to meat compared to their subordinates, regardless of fluctuations in community size or seasonal ecological changes. This dominance advantage persists over time, even though females rarely hunt themselves. The study analyzed 773 meat-eating events spanning 25 years across two chimpanzee communities, revealing that social rank overrides environmental and demographic factors in determining presence at and acquisition of meat during feeding events. Additional female traits—such as oestrus status, nursing young infants, or age—also positively influenced their likelihood of being present and securing meat. These findings support the hypothesis that dominance rank is a key factor conferring long-term benefits for high-ranking females, providing critical insights into the evolution of social hierarchies in our closest living relatives.
Brasilia
—
2020 —
WHEE7F3E8C30A
Female waste pickers in Brasília, Brazil, face significant social vulnerabilities that exacerbate their exposure to health risks. A study of 1,025 waste pickers at Estrutural’s dumpsite revealed that 67% were women, most of whom lived without partners (73.7%), had three to four children (47.8%), and earned lower monthly incomes (62.6%). These findings highlight the disproportionate burden faced by female waste pickers, who are more likely to experience adverse health effects due to occupational hazards while also managing greater family responsibilities. The research employed a quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological approach with semi-structured data to identify gender disparities in this vulnerable population. Such insights underscore the need for targeted interventions to address both occupational and social challenges affecting female waste pickers globally.
Sun Temple, Konârak
—
2020 —
WHE75B0073F71
Puri district, home to the renowned Sun Temple of Konârak and other significant cultural landmarks, faces socio-economic challenges that hinder its development. Despite favorable agro-climatic conditions, the district's economy remains stagnant due to fragmented land holdings and insufficient irrigation facilities, which limit agricultural productivity. While tourism is a growing sector, it fails to absorb the increasing population, exacerbating unemployment and poverty. The lack of heavy industries, compounded by traditional small-scale and cottage industries without advanced technology, further restricts economic growth. The study highlights that Puri district is industrially backward with low investment and output, necessitating structural diversification to improve livelihoods and economic standards.
City of Quito
—
2020 —
WHE8852744D1D
Urban mobility planning in Quito, Ecuador, reveals that the choice between bus rapid transit (BRT) and subway systems is influenced by socio-spatial concerns such as accessibility, urban transformation, economic sustainability, and public acceptability. The study finds that these factors interplay with social, political, and spatial features of the city to shape transport policies over time. By comparing the implementation of Quito's BRT network and an under-construction subway line, the research highlights how competing mobility strategies can either complement or replace each other, depending on their capacity, sustainability, and public reception. This analysis underscores the importance of considering broader socio-spatial dynamics in urban development to achieve equitable and effective transport solutions.
Historic Cairo
—
2020 —
WHE51B2FF0641
A critical gap in heritage regeneration policies threatens the socio-economic vitality of historic Cairo's Attaba market, one of the few remaining 19th-century covered markets. The study reveals that the absence of clear regeneration strategies and public participation undermines the market's role as a sustainable urban nucleus, endangering both its tangible and intangible values. Through archival analysis, semi-structured interviews with traders (n=30), in-depth observations from 2016 to 2018, and discussions with local officials, researchers identified systemic challenges that hinder the market's potential for sustainable development. The paper proposes a framework for regeneration, offering a scalable model applicable to other historic markets in Cairo, while emphasizing the urgent need for policy intervention to preserve these understudied yet vital urban assets.
