Historic Centre of Prague
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2019 —
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Climate change is expected to increase cooling demand in historic buildings, posing significant challenges for maintaining indoor environment quality. A study analyzing the multi-purpose building in Prague's historic center found that global warming scenarios from the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report lead to higher overheating risks and increased energy efficiency demands. Using the BSim simulation tool, researchers evaluated permitted refurbishment methods under strict heritage protection guidelines, proposing structural and technical modifications to mitigate solar heat gains while adhering to legal constraints.
Sangha Trinational
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2019 —
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Selective logging and associated human activities in the Sangha Trinational landscape of northern Congo have complex impacts on ape populations, including chimpanzees and western lowland gorillas. Despite high densities of these apes in both intact forest landscapes (IFL) and non-IFL areas, selective logging alters floristic factors such as tree stem density and herb abundance, which may influence ape resource use. Notably, chimpanzee nesting behavior shifts in logged areas, with nests built closer to the ground compared to IFL, suggesting a reduction in their preferred tree nesting niche. While gorilla nest height remains unaffected, increased road access due to logging facilitates illegal hunting, posing a significant threat to wildlife. The study underscores the importance of long-term collaborations among stakeholders for implementing conservation strategies and certification standards that balance biodiversity protection with sustainable forestry practices.
Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
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2019 —
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The World Heritage List (WHL) inscription of Kaiping Diaolou and Villages in China has demonstrated both positive and negative impacts across socioeconomic domains. The study found that while the inscription significantly improved cultural cognition, community cohesion, infrastructure, tourism development, villagers' income, environmental awareness, and government leadership, it also led to slight damage to the community's cultural environment, unequal income distribution, and increased environmental damage due to tourist influx. The research constructed a theoretical framework to evaluate these impacts, analyzing factors such as property rights, community participation, and planning. It provides actionable suggestions for future heritage site management.
Shiretoko
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A study on the Shiretoko Peninsula, Japan, reveals that approximately 15% of brown bear litters result from multiple paternity, comparable to rates observed in Scandinavian populations despite differences in population density and litter size. The research also identified low but notable instances of inbreeding, including cases involving father-daughter matings (2.7%), maternal half-siblings (0.5%), and paternal half-siblings (1.8%). No evidence was found for mother-son or full-sibling matings. These findings suggest that male-biased dispersal plays a crucial role in limiting close inbreeding, offering insights into the genetic dynamics of high-density brown bear populations. The study genotyped 837 individuals at 21 microsatellite loci and analyzed parentage across 70-82 litters to derive these conclusions.
Mogao Caves
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2019 —
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Mural paintings in Mogao Cave 285, part of the UNESCO-listed Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, China, exhibit significant deterioration due to environmental factors. Research reveals that hygrothermal conditions and light exposure—particularly UV irradiation—accelerate physical damage such as cracking and color changes, with organic pigments showing pronounced chroma saturation shifts. Experimental simulations on Bengal red, lapis lazuli, and other pigments demonstrated distinct vulnerability patterns: cracks formed predominantly in Bengal red, while salt-induced white crystals emerged universally across pigment layers. The study highlights the critical role of environmental control, especially post-collapses like the one affecting Cave 285's entrance hall, in preserving these irreplaceable cultural artifacts.
Ujung Kulon National Park
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2019 —
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Coral reef fish communities in Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) exhibit higher species richness and abundance in the Core Zone compared to the Marine Protection Zone, with Caesionidae being the most frequent family in the former. This difference is attributed to stricter preservation measures in the Core Zone, which likely support more diverse coral reef ecosystems. The study used underwater visual census methods during field observations in October 2017 to assess fish communities across zones, revealing that while abundance did not significantly differ, species richness showed a statistically significant variation. These findings underscore the impact of zoning management on marine biodiversity conservation.
Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape
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2019 —
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World Heritage site management institutions face increasing complexity due to evolving heritage concepts and global threats, yet many struggle to adapt. A refined framework for adaptive capacity is proposed, identifying six key factors—cognitive frame, learning capacity, formal governance structures, organizational relations, agency, and resources—that shape institutional dynamics. This study, focusing on three Southeast Asian sites (Vat Phou in Lao PDR, Ayutthaya in Thailand, and George Town in Malaysia), demonstrates that while adaptive change concepts are useful beyond climate contexts, existing frameworks fall short of capturing dynamic processes. The research suggests restructuring World Heritage policy to address the growing complexity of heritage conservation.
Mount Mulanje Cultural Landscape
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2019 —
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A novel integrative management planning framework has been developed to address the challenges of sustainable development and conservation in Sub-Saharan African World Heritage cultural landscapes, particularly those under pressure from conflicting development activities. This framework proposes strategic solutions that harmonize land use planning, decision-making, resource management, socio-economic development, and stakeholder engagement, offering a comprehensive technical tool for long-term management. The approach was validated through comparative case studies of Mount Mulanje Cultural Landscape in Malawi and Mapungubwe World Heritage Cultural Landscape in South Africa, demonstrating its effectiveness in balancing conservation with development while ensuring the preservation of significant cultural and natural attributes.
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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2019 —
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Ukraine hosts two critical ecoregions from the World Wildlife Fund's (WWF) Global 200 list: the European-Mediterranean Montane Forests and the Danube River Delta, both under significant threat. The study identifies 12 priority ecoregions in Ukraine, including terrestrial (e.g., Carpathian montane forests), freshwater (e.g., Dniester–Lower Danube), and marine (Mediterranean Sea) ecosystems. International cooperation has successfully protected the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians but faces challenges in annexed territories like Crimea, where unique beech forests remain unprotected. The research underscores the need for Ukraine to develop a National Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI) to enhance transnational biodiversity conservation efforts, highlighting both achievements and gaps in global ecoregional collaboration.
Historic Centre of Florence
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2019 —
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Historic cities, including Florence, face challenges and opportunities in the era of globalization. While Florence's unique environmental qualities have made it a top tourist destination, its long-term sustainability depends on strategic urban planning to attract global economic investment and skilled labor. A study involving 384 randomly selected participants in Florence's historic center revealed that creating a precise and distinctive city image is crucial for historic cities to thrive globally. The research used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to assess the feasibility of this transition, highlighting the need for balanced urban development to maintain cultural heritage while embracing global integration.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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Between 1880 and 1930, the Kew Museum of Economic Botany significantly influenced educational reform by supplying schools with botanical specimens for object-based learning. This initiative was highly popular, with demand exceeding supply, leading to alternative solutions being developed. The distribution of specimens extended Kew's ethos into classrooms, offering diverse curricular benefits from nature study to geography. The research suggests that these objects held additional meanings and uses beyond their intended educational purposes. The study also highlights the movement of museum expertise and practices across professional and institutional boundaries during this period, proposing new avenues for further exploration.
Curonian Spit
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Aesthetic appeal of coastal dunes and forests on the Curonian Spit varies significantly among visitors, local inhabitants, and experts. The most appealing landscapes include white mobile dunes and combinations of white and grey (grassland) dunes, with visual coherence being a key factor for locals. Experts, however, emphasized stewardship, naturalness, imageability, and visual scale as defining scenic appeal, while disturbance and complexity diminished attractiveness. This divergence in perceptions suggests potential management conflicts. The study used paired comparison surveys of 45 landscapes, semi-structured interviews with locals, and a Delphi technique involving experts to elicit key aesthetic concepts.
Historic Cairo
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2019 —
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Historic Cairo's traditional craftsmanship, such as stonemasonry and plasterwork, is at risk due to rapid urban pressures but holds significant potential for heritage conservation. This study identifies key influences on these skills and explores their reintegration into architectural rehabilitation efforts. Using a holistic approach rooted in doctoral research at the Raymond Lemaire International Centre for Conservation, it examines how preserving craftsmanship can revitalize local communities while safeguarding cultural identity. The findings highlight the urgent need to address challenges threatening these living traditions, offering actionable insights for sustainable heritage management.
Sebastia
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Despite Nablus' rich historical heritage, spanning from Roman antiquity to Mamluk and Ottoman influences, its patrimonialization process faces significant challenges that hinder its potential inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The study identifies key obstacles including land pressure competing with urban development, insufficient resources and regulatory frameworks for heritage protection, and political priorities that marginalize heritage conservation efforts. While Hebron's old town has recently been listed, Nablus struggles due to these systemic issues, revealing the complex interplay between occupation, governance, and cultural preservation in the occupied Palestinian territories.
Historic City of Toledo
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Spanish medium-sized cities, including the historic UNESCO World Heritage Site of Toledo, experienced significant urban sprawl and land squandering from the mid-1990s to 2008. This process, driven by speculation and profit, transformed compact urban forms into disjointed spaces, particularly in peripheral districts. The study highlights how Toledo's urban expansion extended into its hinterland while also noting internal dispersion through the 'Ensanche' (widening) process in the late 20th century. Using urban estate cadaster data alongside fieldwork and bibliographic research, the authors demonstrate that such growth patterns resulted in fragmented urban landscapes. This research underscores the consequences of unchecked land development on historic cities.
Churches of Moldavia
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2019 —
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Significant land use changes over the past century have been identified around several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Northern Romania, including Probota, Humor, Patrauti, and Arbore churches. These changes, analyzed through historical maps (1917) and modern orthophotos (2005, 2016), reveal deforestation and anthropogenic environmental alterations that threaten the integrity of these monuments. In contrast, Sucevita, Voronet, and Moldovita churches retain their natural Bukovina landscape, while Suceava church is embedded in a highly urbanized environment. The study highlights the vulnerability of these sites to human-induced changes, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to preserve their cultural and ecological significance.
Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region
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A comprehensive landform mapping of Okinoshima Island and the seabed of Munakata City reveals significant geological insights, contributing to the understanding of the Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region. The study identifies a horseshoe-shaped caldera structure formed by the set of islands, with Okinoshima rising approximately 340 meters above a flat seabed. Topographic analysis shows a shallow flat table to the west and a concave area inclining eastward. Using GIS, the research integrates ground elevation maps, slope maps, relief maps, and 3D images, alongside geospatial data from GSI and JHA, to classify landforms such as crests, steep cliffs, and talus cones. The findings highlight restricted access areas while providing valuable references for understanding the island's formative processes.
Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato
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2019 —
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Researchers developed an integrated methodology to measure the economic attractiveness of rural landscapes, specifically applying it to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Piedmont, Italy: the Moraine Amphitheatre of Ivrea and the vineyard landscape of Langhe-Roero and Monferrato. The study introduced a synthetic index—Landscape Economic Attractiveness Index (LEAI)—derived from a system of landscape indicators, which was then integrated into a dynamic model to assess its role in human mobility across multi-pole systems. This approach provides actionable insights for policymakers aiming to guide landscape and territorial transformations while preserving cultural and environmental integrity. The methodology offers a framework for evaluating rural landscapes' economic potential, supporting sustainable development strategies.
Kernavė Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernavė)
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2019 —
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Research challenges long-standing assumptions about the origins of the Peninsula Castle in New Trakai, revealing it was not artificially constructed but rather a transformed glacial hill. This finding contrasts with previous scholarly beliefs and sheds new light on landscape transformations during the 13th-14th centuries in Lithuania's historical capitals—Kernavė, Trakai, and Vilnius. The study, conducted between 2018-2019, employed advanced techniques such as LiDAR data analysis, geophysical surveys, minimal-destructive archaeological investigations, and pedological methods to reconstruct the paleorelief of these landscapes. In Kernavė, extensive landscape modifications were identified, including the creation of two hillforts separated by a defensive moat, while Trakai's brick castle was strategically built on a site that required minimal transformation. These insights highlight the Gediminid dynasty's ambitious approach to shaping power centers within Lithuania's nascent state.
Proto-urban Site of Sarazm
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A groundbreaking geoarchaeological study of the Zeravchan Valley, Tadjikistan, reveals that human societies have significantly shaped its river landscape through sophisticated water management practices since the protohistoric era. The research demonstrates how interactions between riparian communities and a semi-arid, tectonically active environment led to the creation of complex irrigation systems over millennia. By integrating geomorphological analysis, Optically Stimulated Thermoluminescence (OSL) dating, and micromorphological studies of sedimentary backfill from a 3rd millennium BCE canal, the study highlights the rapid transformation of landscapes through socio-environmental dynamics. This finding underscores the enduring impact of human ingenuity in managing water resources in challenging conditions.
Colonies of Benevolence
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This study highlights that change within UNESCO World Heritage Sites, particularly 'living' or 'continuing' cultural landscapes, is feasible but requires careful management and a focus on quality. The research challenges traditional European notions of heritage authenticity and the nature-culture divide by incorporating perspectives from Asia and Africa. It emphasizes the importance of involving landscape architects and adopting concepts like layered landscapes and path dependency to guide sustainable development. The study examines five case studies, including the Colonies of Benevolence, to illustrate these principles.
Chitwan National Park
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A decade-long analysis of leopard livestock depredation around Chitwan National Park, Nepal, revealed that goats were disproportionately targeted (87.3% of cases), leading to significant economic losses and compensation payments totaling $24,621 over ten years. Despite a general decline in incidents from 2007–2016, no clear correlation was found between depredation and factors such as human or livestock population density, forest area, or environmental variables like rainfall or temperature. Depredation hotspots were identified through a conflict map, highlighting clustering in specific buffer zone areas. The study suggests that improved husbandry practices, livestock insurance schemes, and conservation education could mitigate conflicts and enhance public support for leopard conservation.
Minoan Palatial Centres
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A ceramic analysis of Eastern Crete during the advanced Late Bronze Age (1450–1200 BCE) reveals that Cretan society underwent significant transformations following the violent destructions of LM IB palatial centres, challenging assumptions about Mycenaean influence. The study suggests that while Greek-speaking elites may have taken control of Knossos and imposed centralized administration using Linear B script, Minoan cultural identity persisted in Eastern Crete, indicating a complex interplay rather than complete assimilation. This finding sheds new light on the post-collapse dynamics between Crete and the Mycenaean Mainland, emphasizing continuity and resistance in local traditions despite broader political shifts.
Historic Centre of Naples
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A key insight from this study is that the use of local materials significantly enhances the quality and perception of urban space, reinforcing a sense of belonging to place. This finding underscores the importance of sustainable exploitation of local resources for the regeneration of urban areas, particularly in the context of UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Historic Centre of Naples. The research, conducted by the Urban Planning Board and Land Management Laboratory as part of a larger project on the enhancement of Naples' historic centre, explores how 92 municipalities within the Metropolitan City can preserve their distinct cultural profiles while addressing shared administrative challenges. It employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating urban planning, architecture, and environmental sustainability to propose strategies for regenerating urban space that respect local identities and resources.
Los Alerces National Park
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Wild boar (Sus scrofa) preferentially select Lomatia hirsuta forest over other habitats, such as Nothofagus pumilio forest and Valdivian evergreen rainforest, in Los Alerces National Park, Argentina. This preference is consistent across both spring-summer and autumn-winter periods, with microhabitat selection favoring low slopes and high canopy cover, particularly on southeast-facing areas with intermediate ground cover. The study, one of the first to analyze wild boar habitat use at macro and micro scales in Patagonian protected areas, provides critical insights for managing this invasive species and understanding its ecological impact.
High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago
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2019 —
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A groundbreaking high-resolution animation reveals the dynamic nature of post-glacial uplift and shore displacement in the High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago UNESCO World Heritage site, where land rises at rates exceeding 8 mm per year. The study employed a mathematical model to transform digital elevation models (DEMs) over ~9300 years, integrating LiDAR-derived DEMs from Finland and Sweden with bathymetric data of the Gulf of Bothnia. By leveraging geophysical uplift rate surfaces and ancient shoreline observations, researchers derived an exponential model that accurately describes the non-linear correlation between elapsed time and land uplift. The animation, rendered at 4K resolution with a five-year interval between frames, provides a visually intuitive representation of this decelerating phenomenon, highlighting regional differences in post-glacial history. While future improvements may include removing post-glacially developed features like rivers, the current model offers unprecedented continuity and clarity in visualizing shore displacement.
Heard and McDonald Islands
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The Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) Marine Reserve, one of the world's most remote marine protected areas (MPAs), has successfully balanced sustainable fisheries with biodiversity conservation. Despite its harsh conditions and isolation, the reserve has seen no illegal fishing since 2006/07, thanks to collaboration between managers and the fishing industry. Commercial fishers actively monitor the area, report infringements, and conduct annual ecological surveys, providing critical data for environmental tracking. This partnership, underpinned by secure fishing rights, demonstrates that remote MPAs can achieve conservation outcomes when governance integrates industry participation and robust monitoring. The study highlights the potential for similar models in other remote large MPAs, offering a blueprint for cost-effective conservation strategies.
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí
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Digital preservation techniques, such as video mapping, have successfully restored and showcased medieval Romanesque paintings in the Catalan Pyrenees, revitalizing tourism in the Vall de Boí region. The study highlights how digital architectural design can enhance heritage experiences, particularly in lesser-visited destinations like this UNESCO World Heritage Site. A project called Taüll 1123, launched in 2013, demonstrated that technology-driven interventions can significantly boost local tourism while preserving cultural heritage. Using a qualitative approach, the research underscores the potential of digital tools to reinterpret and promote understudied historical sites.
Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago
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Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago, Vietnam's largest limestone island system, exhibits exceptional marine biodiversity with 4,622 species of plants and animals, including 16 on the Vietnam Red List and 114 on the IUCN List. This diversity spans seven tropical limestone ecosystems—rainforest, cave, mangrove, tidal, coral reef, and soft-bottom—highlighting its global conservation value under UNESCO criteria (ix and x). The study, analyzing both terrestrial and marine species distribution, underscores the site's potential as a World Heritage Site due to its high endemism and rare species presence. Research involved systematic species documentation, emphasizing ecological significance for heritage designation.
Archaeological Site of Philippi
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Early Christian martyr shrines, known as martyria, emerged as significant cultic centers, but their archaeological study is hampered by limited pre-fourth-century evidence. This research bridges the gap between textual and archaeological records, revealing that while early descriptions from Smyrna and Rome provide insight into primitive practices, later fourth-century sites in Rome and Philippi show the expansion of martyria as focal points for Christian worship. The study highlights a caveat: smaller or private shrines may remain invisible to archaeology, suggesting a broader but underdocumented phenomenon.
Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha
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Lumbini, Nepal, holds significant potential as a global destination for meditation tourism, yet its spiritual and philosophical dimensions remain underutilized by visitors. Research reveals a disconnect between the core teachings of Buddhism—meditation and compassion—and the practices of most tourists, who often overlook these aspects despite visiting Lumbini for religious or cultural reasons. The study highlights that fostering awareness of meditation tourism could yield substantial benefits for individual well-being, social harmony, and national development. By integrating Buddhist philosophy into tourism practices, Lumbini could transform into a premier destination that not only attracts pilgrims but also promotes mindfulness and compassion worldwide.
Naumburg Cathedral
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2019 —
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A 13th-century statue of Uta, located at Naumburg Cathedralchallenges nationalist narratives by revealing a complex, hybridized border culture that defies modern interpretations. Originally forgotten, Uta's memory was politically instrumentalized during the 20th century as a symbol of German identity, obscuring her actual life in the 11th-century Polish-German borderlands, where her family embodied cultural and political fluidity. The study critiques how ideological framing distorts historical realities while highlighting Naumburg Cathedral’s significance as a transnational cultural site, shaped by an anonymous master craftsman who merged Romanesque and Gothic styles. This work underscores the cathedral's role in redefining border histories beyond conquest narratives.
Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe
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A significant milestone was achieved with the completion of architectural and iconographic documentation of the Begrawiya North and South cemetery pyramids at Meroe, Sudan, marking a crucial step in preserving these UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Qatari Mission for the Pyramids of Sudan successfully documented over 1000 ornamented blocks found out of context, advanced conservation strategies for the pyramids and their offering chapels, and initiated sustainable tourism plans. These efforts include improved site infrastructure such as a visitor center and fencing, aiming to balance preservation with educational access.
Archaeological Site of Volubilis
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Roman mortars from the archaeological site of Volubilis, Morocco, were found to consist primarily of quartz and calcite, with trace amounts of feldspar, mica, and dolomite. These findings enabled the reformulation of spare mortars for restoration purposes, using a precise blend of lime (63.6%) and sand (36.4%), including varying grain sizes. Mechanical testing confirmed the performance of these reformulated mortars, providing a basis for restoring damaged Roman mosaics. The study utilized X-ray diffraction to analyze mortar samples from broken tiles and pavements, offering insights into the mineralogical and chemical composition that can guide conservation efforts at historic sites.
Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev
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Roman milestones in the Negev Desert, including those along the Incense Route, were likely erected by local Roman Army units near military installations rather than as part of the broader imperial road network. This finding contrasts with the northern and central regions of Palaestina, where such markers are more common along well-preserved roads. The study suggests that these milestones serve as evidence of localized military activity in desert areas, a pattern also observed east of the Via Nova Triana in southern Jordan. By analyzing known milestones and their distribution, the research sheds light on Roman military logistics and infrastructure in arid regions.
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
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A combination of structural and non-structural flood mitigation strategies can transform Bukit Lawang, part of the UNESCO-listed Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, into a sustainable tourist destination. The study, based on field surveys, literature reviews, and case analyses, found that while structural measures—such as infrastructure improvements—are effective, their impact is maximized when paired with non-structural approaches like early warning systems and community preparedness. This dual approach not only reduces flood risks but also preserves the site's ecological and cultural integrity, ensuring its long-term viability as both a conservation area and a tourist attraction.
Lençóis Maranhenses National Park
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Researchers have identified a negative volumetric balance of erosion and a dominant wind-driven sediment transport pattern in the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil. This finding sheds light on the dynamic processes shaping one of South America's largest dune fields, located at the intersection of three major neotropical ecosystems. The study utilized advanced geodetic techniques, including multi-temporal satellite imagery and high-precision GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning, to create a detailed digital elevation model (DEM). Annual surface surveys conducted between 2015 and 2017 revealed the complex dynamics of dune formation, challenging conventional mapping methods due to their limitations in precision and cost-effectiveness. The results provide critical insights into coastal erosion patterns and sediment movement, offering a foundation for further studies on dune evolution in this ecologically significant region.
City of Valletta
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A shift towards holistic urban conservation is emerging, recognizing historic cities as layered complexes of architectural, environmental, and cultural significance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of modern conservation principles in Mediterranean historic centers, using Valletta as a case study. It identifies key pillars for successful conservation, including identity preservation through communication strategies, economic growth linked to cultural identity, improved residential quality of life, tourist attractiveness, and sustainable regeneration. The research analyzes diachronic changes in urban conservation planning and policies, assessing their application against these pillars. Findings underscore the need for adaptive management systems that balance cultural diversity with sustainability, addressing both tangible heritage values and intangible meanings tied to natural and metropolitan contexts.
Mount Wutai
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Mount Wutai exhibited remarkable stability in its land cover and disturbance levels from 1987 to 2018 despite significant changes in forest coverage, vegetation conditions, mining areas, and built-up zones. This resilience was quantified using the Comprehensive Heritage Area Threats Index (CHATI), which integrated multi-source remote sensing data to assess threats at both macro and micro levels. The study employed linear regression and F-tests to identify spatial-temporal variations, with field validation confirming the reliability of its findings. While challenges persist, this approach offers a robust tool for raising public awareness and improving governance of World Heritage Areas.
León Cathedral
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The thirteenth-century episcopal pantheon of León Cathedral exemplifies the fusion of commemoration and propaganda, serving as a tool to manipulate collective memory and reinforce episcopal authority. This study identifies key devices within the pantheon that evoke bishops' achievements, personal devotion, rituals, dogmas, and the history of the See. It highlights the expressive mourning traditions of Leonese citizens, rooted in Iberian practices, while analyzing the aesthetic compliance with Lucas of Tuy's ideals. Notably, Bishop Rodrigo's sepulchral monument is recognized as a foundational work in Castilian-Leonese tomb design, with its complex interplay between imagery and audience influencing subsequent designs, such as that of Bishop Martin.
Putorana Plateau
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Research on Lake Sobachye, part of the UNESCO-listed Putorana Plateau, reveals significant insights into the morphological features and endoparasite fauna of cisco, round whitefish, and Siberian grayling. The study found that the local cisco population exhibits a low average number of vertebrae, distinguishing it from other cisco species, and shows strong genetic similarity to European vendace populations. Additionally, the round whitefish in this region is confirmed as a single population with no basis for distinguishing between 'Arctic' and 'Boreal' groups. Notably, the study identified Lake Sobachye as a site of diphyllobothriasis, with cisco and whitefish acting as carriers of the cestode Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. The prevalence of this parasite in cisco has increased dramatically from 73% to 96%, along with a doubling in infestation intensity since previous studies.
Mount Taishan
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A significant portion of Mount Taishan's forest ecosystem is in sub-health or unhealthy conditions, with 60.5% classified as sub-healthy and 16% as unhealthy, including 98 hectares in extremely poor health. This assessment, conducted using GIS spatial analysis and a comprehensive indicator system based on local forest inventory data, reveals that only 23.5% of the total forest area is of high or healthy quality. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted measures to improve forest health and support sustainable development in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua
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Forest elephants (<i>Loxodonta cyclotis</i>) exhibit distinct movement patterns influenced by environmental and anthropogenic factors, with females traveling farther than males. The study, conducted in Odzala-Kokoua National Park using GPS-collared individuals tracked over 16 months, found that roads and human settlements disrupt elephant behavior, leading to faster displacements. Elephants moved more rapidly along watercourses and in Marantaceae-dominated forests but slowed in savannahs. Flood-prone areas and higher temperatures also hindered longer movements. These findings provide critical insights into the species' habitat use, aiding conservation efforts.
Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos
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Research demonstrates that the music used in Holy Week celebrations during the 18th-century Jesuit missions of Chiquitos, Bolivia, can be reconstructed based on archival texts and musical collections. The study analyzes written accounts by Jesuit missionaries and superiors, detailing formal and popular liturgies from Passion Sunday to Holy Saturday. By cross-referencing these texts with surviving music collections from the missions, the research suggests that a comprehensive reconstruction of the ceremonial soundscapes is feasible. This finding opens avenues for further exploration, potentially deepening our understanding of the cultural and musical practices of the era.
Historic Centre of Naples
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Research reveals that the historic center of Naples, particularly the Quartieri Spagnoli, is not monolithically subaltern but instead exhibits multiple situated identities and socio-spatial dynamics. This challenges the dominant narrative that portrays urban underclass practices as symbols of decay. By analyzing the practices, representations, and narrations of locally termed 'plebe' inhabitants alongside two specific urban situations, the study contrasts the discourse of dominant groups with grassroots urban production. The findings underscore a fragmented and composite identity construction within the historic center, offering a nuanced perspective on subaltern conditions in urban spaces.
Shahr-i Sokhta
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A rare and significant archaeological discovery at Shahr-i Sokhta, Iran—a rhesus macaque burial dating to the fourth-to-second millennium BC—reveals new insights into the exploitation of non-human primates in antiquity. The young macaque, approximately 5 years old, was interred using funerary practices similar to those for human infants, accompanied by an unpainted beaker. Pathological analysis of its femurs suggests it was likely kept in captivity, experiencing physical stress prior to death. Native to Central Asia but not Iran, the macaque's provenance may trace back to the Indus valley, hinting at long-distance trade and cultural exchange during this period. This finding underscores the symbolic and luxury value of monkeys in ancient Near Eastern societies, representing one of the earliest documented instances of primates being kept as pets.
Archaeological Area of Agrigento
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Recent excavations at the Archaeological Area of Agrigento have uncovered significant insights into the pottery production of ancient Akragas, particularly outside Gate 5. Researchers from the University of Bologna, in collaboration with the Archaeological and Landscape Park of the Valley of the Temples, identified two previously unknown kilns (D and E) within a sector of the city's kerameikos quarter. This area, located near the Hypsas river and the sanctuary dedicated to the Chtonian Deities, was known for its three kilns (A-C), but this study expanded the understanding of its craft activities. The workshop produced Greek-Western amphoras, banded pottery, plain ware, tiles, and terracotta figurines, offering a glimpse into the colony's dynamic production during a period of growth. Non-invasive surveys (2017-2018) and excavations (2019) were employed to systematically investigate this artisanal zone, providing valuable data on the organization and output of Akragas' pottery workshops.
Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park
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A study on nuisance behaviors of Long-tailed Macaques in Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, Philippines, found that while littering was the most common behavior observed by researchers, locals primarily reported crop eating as a concern. Despite occasional aggressive tourist-macaque encounters, human-macaque interactions were relatively mild, attributed to positive local attitudes and effective park management. The research, combining direct observation, surveys, and complaint databases, also revealed that while nuisance behaviors exist, they are largely linked to the macaques' food security, with only a small percentage of locals engaging in negative practices like hunting or pet-keeping.
Sydney Opera House
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2019 —
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A finite element model analysis predicts that the Sydney Opera House will experience minimal structural impacts from creep and shrinkage over the next 30 years, with only a slight increase in strain (0.090%) and prestress losses (32.59 kN per strand) by 2050. This suggests a shift in conservation efforts towards addressing minor surface cracking and water ingress rather than large structural concerns. The study also highlights the potential of digital twin technology for future monitoring of unique historical buildings, offering a cost-effective solution for long-term time-dependent analysis. The research utilized linear static and quasistatic analyses to investigate the effects of dead and wind loads on the prestressed concrete ribs.
Gyeongju Historic Areas
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2019 —
WHE984EBD5AB0
Tidal waves, including storm surges and tsunamis, significantly impacted the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), particularly along Korea's southwest coastline, with peak occurrences during the rainy season (June–September). While storm surges had identifiable causes like typhoons and high tides, tidal waves were often attributed to divine punishment due to unclear mechanisms. These events caused widespread devastation—drowning victims, destroyed salt pans, flooded farmlands leading to salinity accumulation, starvation, and mass displacement—disrupting tax collection and economic stability. The Joseon government responded with relief efforts, tax exemptions for displaced populations, and long-term real-estate taxation of affected lands. Despite modern advancements, coastal regions like Gyeongju remain vulnerable to tsunamis, highlighting the need for improved preventive measures. This study synthesizes historical records to analyze tidal wave patterns, societal responses, and their lasting consequences.
