Village of Sidi Bou Saïd
—
2018 —
WHE7EB552B02E
This study highlights the profound impact of cross-Mediterranean human exchanges on the development of musicology, particularly through francophone networks. It reveals how collaborative relationships between French and Tunisian scholars, such as Mahmoud Guettat and Mohamed Zinelabidine, shaped academic institutions like the Institut Supérieur de Musique de Tunis and fostered bilateral partnerships. The research emphasizes that these interactions were reciprocal, enriching both the quest for knowledge in the Global South and the transmission of expertise in the Global North. By tracing historical encounters at UNESCO World Heritage Site Sidi Bou Saïd's Palais Ennejma Ezzahra, the study demonstrates how music served as a bridge uniting diverse Mediterranean cultures—French, Tunisian, Syrian, and Lebanese—through shared intellectual and linguistic frameworks. The findings underscore the role of francophonie in facilitating cultural exchange, academic collaboration, and the co-construction of musicological thought.
New Lanark
—
2018 —
WHE395024E48C
Ophélie Siméon's study challenges the dominant narrative of Robert Owen's role at New Lanark, revealing that the factory village was not merely a passive recipient of his reformist ideas but an active 'laboratory' where his socialist principles were developed and refined. Through meticulous archival analysis, she demonstrates that key elements of Owenite socialism—such as labor notes and committee representation systems—emerged from practices already in place at New Lanark before Owen's tenure. Siméon also highlights the contributions of David Dale, Owen's father-in-law, and the tensions between Owen's paternalistic management style and worker resistance, which foreshadowed later failures in his utopian experiments. Her work demythologizes New Lanark while acknowledging Owen's transformative impact, offering a nuanced perspective on the origins of British socialism.
Prambanan Temple Compounds
—
2018 —
WHE43C85DA67D
Prambanan and Sambisari temples, built between the 8th to 10th centuries in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, are constructed primarily from hornblende-pyroxene andesite and pyroxene basalt, with Sambisari also featuring pumice breccia. These rock types are geochemically similar to those found around Merapi volcano (Quaternary) and the Semilir Formation (Tertiary), suggesting local volcanic sources. Petrographic analysis revealed porphyritic textures in andesite, with phenocrysts of plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxene, and opaque minerals, while pumice breccia exhibited moderate sorting and vesicular clasts. Oxidation and weathering, indicated by secondary iron oxides, are attributed to the tropical climate and original vesicular nature of the lava. This study provides insights into the geological origins and durability challenges of these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia
—
2018 —
WHE1896041192
Rock-cut tombs and churches in Cappadocia, dating to the Roman and Byzantine periods, reveal that their construction required specialized professional skills, challenging the assumption that monks were solely responsible for their creation. Analysis of chaînes opératoires—technical processes and tool marks on soft volcanic ignimbrite—shows complex rock-cutting techniques, suggesting a more organized and skilled workforce than previously thought. This study sheds light on the economy and sociology of these sites, questioning long-held hypotheses about their construction methods. By examining the evolution of techniques and landscape modifications, it also provides insights into why such monuments became widespread only in the medieval period, addressing historical questions like the origin of the 'Troglodyte' appellation for Cappadocia.
Sangay National Park
—
2018 —
WHEE1E195A92D
A groundbreaking study using DNA barcoding reveals that the eastern and western slopes of the Tropical Andes, particularly within Sangay National Park and Otonga, harbor distinct rodent species with minimal overlap. Only one species, Microryzomys minutus, was found to be shared between these regions, challenging current distribution assumptions for Akodon mollis and Chilomys instans, which may represent separate species. The research also suggests that Mesomys populations on the eastern slopes are genetically consistent with those in the Ecuadorian Amazon, indicating a single species. Additionally, it highlights potential new species within Mindomys and Nephelomys genera, emphasizing the need for further taxonomic research. This study underscores the Andes' biodiversity hotspot status and provides critical genetic data to accelerate taxonomic discoveries and understanding of evolutionary patterns.
Tajik National Park (Mountains of the Pamirs)
—
2018 —
WHE5E2C3D9A02
The Tian Shan Mountains and Pamir Plateau significantly influence precipitation patterns over interior Asia, leading to increased spatiotemporal differentiation. Before their uplift, the east arid subregion experienced consistent spring-winter rainfall peaks, similar to the west. Post-uplift, this region shifted to summer-dominated rainfall, while northern regions saw opposite trends. These changes correlate with vertical motion and atmospheric stationary waves, impacting the East Asian monsoon by reducing coastal precipitation due to an anticyclonic circulation and intensifying winter monsoons. Numerical simulations revealed these effects, highlighting the mountains' role in shaping regional climate dynamics.
Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena
—
2018 —
WHE1830BB4EE0
A shift in cathedral construction dynamics emerged in 11th and 12th century Northern Italy, where the role of bishops diminished due to Church reforms while communes became more prominent. This period saw cathedrals, including those in Modena and Piacenza, being rebuilt during interregnums, indicating a transition where communes—embracing clergy and laity as equal patrons—took on the responsibility for these monumental projects. The process not only redefined relationships between ecclesiastical and secular institutions but also facilitated the establishment of new communal structures and guilds. This study reevaluates the construction of these cathedrals to highlight their role in societal transformation, offering insights into the interplay between power, patronage, and urban development during this pivotal era.
Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments
—
2018 —
WHE1EC4F49735
Romanesque sculpture and painting, integral to the architecture of medieval buildings, often served as structural elements rather than decorative additions. A notable finding is the prominent depiction of the Crucifixion on the façade of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, a rare subject in Romanesque art, which may reflect the monastery's stance against heretical movements like that led by Peter of Bruys. This study examines how these artistic elements functioned within their architectural contexts, such as portals and cloisters, highlighting their significance to medieval societies. The research approach involves analyzing sculptural ensembles across sites like Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, Vézelay, Moissac, and Arles, focusing on their integration into building structures rather than superficial attachment.
Old Town of Lijiang
—
2018 —
WHED2636A4A09
Heritage tourism in Lijiang shapes cultural values and romantic consumerism by transforming traditional Naxi wedding ceremonies into staged performances for tourists. This study reveals how heritage interacts with social change, influencing individuals' identities through daily practices like tourism and ethnic performance. The research highlights the rise of 'romantic consumerism' in China, driven by a longing for authenticity and tradition, while questioning the true meaning of tradition when it becomes commodified. The approach combines ethnographic observation and analysis of tourist interactions to explore these dynamics.
Khangchendzonga National Park
—
2018 —
WHE50150896B8
A rare root holoparasite, Balanophora polyandra, has been documented for the first time within two protected areas in eastern Himalaya: Khangchendzonga National Park and Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary. This study mapped its distribution across Sikkim using field surveys and herbarium records, revealing a limited range and highlighting significant threats to its populations. The research underscores the vulnerability of this poorly studied genus, which thrives as a parasite on root systems in temperate and tropical Asian regions. By combining empirical data with conservation analysis, the study provides critical insights into the ecological status and preservation needs of B. polyandra, contributing to broader efforts to protect biodiversity in UNESCO-listed sites.
Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow
—
2018 —
WHE3BC03BAE6B
A comprehensive analysis of the Senate building's rotunda in the Moscow Kremlin reveals its unique position within Russian and European Enlightenment architecture. The study systematically cataloged architectural drawings, including those from construction and repair phases, providing new insights into the building's design evolution. By comparing the Senate building to notable European and American structures like Dublin's Parliament and Washington's Capitol, as well as unrealized French and Italian projects, researchers established its originality while contextualizing it within broader architectural trends. The closest analogue identified was the Cathedral of St. Blasien in Schwarzwald, highlighting the rotunda's significance in the development of Russian classicism.
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa
—
2018 —
WHE408F7F74A0
Aqueduct systems, known as 'puquíos,' in the Nasca region of Peru provide critical insights into pre-Hispanic engineering and water management. These structures, often hidden in arid landscapes, were likely built to address water scarcity following climatic changes after 400 AD. Some remain functional today, supplying drinking water or irrigation. A study using remote sensing technology, specifically a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), documented five aqueducts representing diverse construction types and conditions—ranging from well-preserved systems to open trenches with circular or rectangular access holes. The RPAS captured high-resolution orthophotos and digital surface models, revealing the complexity of these structures and their potential for long-term preservation before they disappear. This method offers a non-invasive way to study and map such sites, enhancing our understanding of their historical significance.
Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications
—
2018 —
WHEDEB2A0ECCB
A rare glimpse into Maldivian maritime trade and cultural exchange is revealed through the translation of two 1925 documents: a 12-page manual outlining rules for Maldivian trading ships traveling abroad, primarily to Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka), and a personal account by an elderly Maldivian trader detailing his experiences in Galle. The manual provides unprecedented insights into the logistical and social protocols governing long-distance trade during this period, while the trader's narrative offers vivid descriptions of conditions in Ceylon's harbor and inland towns, as well as accounts of cross-cultural friendships. Together, these documents illuminate the historical significance of Galle as a key hub for Maldivian commerce and cultural interaction, contributing to our understanding of pre-colonial trade dynamics in the Indian Ocean region.
Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento
—
2018 —
WHEE467FFA618
The intervention of the Paseo de La Brecha in Colonia del Sacramento's Historic Quarter disrupts traditional urban structures while integrating contemporary architecture, creating tension with its UNESCO-listed patrimonial landscape. This study reveals how such interventions impact daily life and cultural tourism within a territory once defined by its strategic military significance during the 17th and 18th centuries. Using bibliographic and iconographic research alongside testimonies from stakeholders, the project examines the broader implications of urban transformations on heritage perception and value.
Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia
—
2018 —
WHE1AFE98D9D0
A study on dengue control in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, reveals significant gaps in knowledge and dissatisfaction among community health workers (CHW) and community endemic disease workers (CEDW). Residents showed uncertainty about transmission and risks of dengue, while field CEDWs expressed frustration due to limited control over the situation and a sense of underappreciation. Mobilization CEDWs blamed the population but emphasized their role in solving the issue. CHWs felt no responsibility for vector control despite their experience. All groups agreed that government action and education are crucial for addressing dengue, highlighting the need for regular educational interventions that engage residents and CHWs effectively to improve community practices.
Historic City of Vigan
—
2018 —
WHEA7FA3AA330
Research demonstrates that sablot (Litsea glutinosa), a traditional binding material, can serve as a viable substitute for modern cement in preserving historic structures like those in Vigan, Philippines. The study found that sablot paste, when used with sand and lime, achieves comparable compressive strength to contemporary concrete, particularly when soaked for 3–7 days. Historical interviews revealed that sablot was widely used in the construction of Ilocos churches before the introduction of cement in 1824, suggesting its potential for 'genuine' heritage conservation. The research combines historical documentation with experimental testing to validate this indigenous material's structural feasibility, offering a sustainable alternative for preserving UNESCO-listed sites.
Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain
—
2018 —
WHEFB9BA04277
Pilgrimage, once thought to have declined after the Protestant Reformation, instead experienced significant growth from the mid-sixteenth century until 1750. This study reveals that long-distance pilgrimages to shrines like Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy and Santiago de Compostela in Galicia were deeply influenced by religious conflict, theological debates, and cultural shifts during the Counter-Reformation. By analyzing autobiographical accounts through phenomenological theory, the research highlights how pilgrims perceived and experienced these landscapes, offering new insights into the broader religious and cultural contexts of the period.
Takht-e Soleyman
—
2018 —
WHE5E6C4E4A47
A collaborative effort between the Technical University of Dresden and Iran's cultural heritage organization successfully stabilized the Western Eivan at Takht-e Soleyman, a 6th-century AD fire temple and UNESCO World Heritage Site. The project, supported by Germany’s Federal Foreign Office, employed advanced safeguarding techniques to address structural decay caused by centuries of abandonment and neglect. Preliminary investigations in 2016 laid the groundwork for further stabilization planned for 2018, ensuring the preservation of this historically significant Ilkhanid-era complex.
Abbey Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe
—
2018 —
WHE3083878856
A rare survival of 11th–12th century painted decoration on the axial chapel ceiling at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe reveals a sophisticated, programmatic use of geometric and vegetal motifs to guide the viewer’s gaze toward the apse. Multispectral imaging and stratigraphic analysis confirm that the scheme was executed in two distinct phases, with later additions carefully integrated into the original composition. This discovery challenges conventional views on Romanesque wall-painting techniques and underscores the site’s role as a transitional prototype for later medieval decorative programs.
Bisotun
—
2018 —
WHEAA3580D6B9
A comprehensive re-evaluation of the Elamite version of Darius the Great's inscription at Bisotun reveals it as a critical yet understudied component of the monument's trilingual texts. Unlike previous analyses, this study provides a more accurate transliteration, Persian translation, and comparative linguistic framework for Achaemenid Elamite, addressing gaps left by earlier works such as those by Grillot-Susini et al. (1993). The research employs a methodical approach, integrating grammatical analysis, cross-version comparisons, and detailed annotations to clarify the inscription's structure and significance within the broader context of ancient Near Eastern epigraphy. This work bridges historical linguistics and archaeology, offering new insights into the political and cultural narratives embedded in Bisotun's inscriptions.
Saltaire
—
2018 —
WHEB83CB5ECAF
Saltaire, a model industrial town in northern England, exemplifies the transition from paternalistic urban planning to cultural revitalization. Originally designed as a self-contained textile village with a grid layout and harmonious architecture, Saltaire has evolved since its factory closure into a symbol of adaptive reuse, blending conservation with modern cultural purposes. This study highlights how Saltaire’s preservation efforts—rooted in its historical significance—have successfully reinvented it within a dynamic urban landscape, offering lessons for heritage-led regeneration worldwide.
Samarra Archaeological City
—
2018 —
WHE5F41F7992D
A significant parallel is drawn between the archaeological cities of Samarra (founded 836) and Madinat al-Zahra (founded 936), despite their differing scales. Both faced similar challenges in excavation, beginning around 1907/1908, due to limited prior knowledge beyond written documentation. The discovery of luster ware pottery in Madinat al-Zahra initially suggested chronological parallels with Samarra, though these were later found unsustainable. This misinterpretation had lasting implications for scientific literature, highlighting the complexities of dating and comparing ancient urban sites. The study underscores the importance of rigorous archaeological methodology to avoid such errors.
Santiniketan
—
2018 —
WHEB0EE411E71
Santiniketan emerged as a pivotal hub of educational innovation and cross-cultural exchange, blending the visionary pedagogies of Rabindranath Tagore with the transformative ideals of Mahatma Gandhi. The study reveals how two former missionaries, A. C. Andrews and William Pearson, became integral to Santiniketan's growth, fostering deep connections with Tagore and his brother Dwijendranath. Notably, in 1914, Gandhi’s students from the Phoenix School in South Africa were welcomed into Santiniketan, symbolizing a fusion of educational philosophies rooted in 'largeness and freedom.' This historical account underscores Santiniketan's role as an experimental space for progressive education, merging Eastern and Western influences to redefine learning paradigms.
Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve
—
2018 —
WHE85FC3DA6F2
A significant shift in human attitudes toward wildlife, particularly predators, has led to a focus on minimizing human disturbance. Research indicates that recreational activities, such as boat passages near osprey nests in the Scandola Marine Protected Area (Corsica), can reduce breeding performance without severely impacting overall population stability due to the species' long lifespan and resilience. The study suggests that historical persecution of predators may have favored shy individuals, but contemporary peace with wildlife could promote bolder behavior, potentially benefiting species like ospreys. Additionally, alternative habitats provide buffer zones against disturbance, while interactions with opportunistic predators, often subsidized by human activities, can exacerbate negative impacts on nesting birds. This research underscores the need for nuanced conservation strategies that balance ethical considerations with biological realities in a context of peaceful coexistence.
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
—
2018 —
WHEA1EE71DCDC
Juvenile whale sharks in the Sulu and Bohol Seas, Philippines, exhibit high mobility, traveling up to 2,580 km within 126 days while remaining entirely within national waters. This study, using satellite tracking of 17 tagged individuals from Panaon Island, Mindanao, and Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park (TRNP), reveals their connectivity across the region, emphasizing the importance of these areas for the endangered species. Sharks tagged near TRNP predominantly stayed offshore in the Sulu Sea, while others moved through the Bohol Sea or Surigao Strait, demonstrating dynamic movement patterns. Notably, deep dives (>200 m) were primarily nocturnal, contrasting with observations elsewhere. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive conservation strategies to protect whale sharks, given their extensive range and vulnerability.
South China Karst
—
2018 —
WHE1880F19B27
A significant greening and biomass increase has been observed in the South China Karst region, one of the largest globally, despite declining rainfall and soil moisture. Satellite data from 1999 to 2017 revealed a rise in vegetation cover from 69% to 81%, covering approximately 1.4 million km². This phenomenon, attributed to large-scale forestry and conservation efforts since 2002, has had profound implications for ecosystem services such as carbon storage, water filtration, and timber production. The study highlights the potential of national conservation policies in mitigating deforestation and climate change impacts on natural resources.
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
—
2018 —
WHEBA31B71576
Mughal architecture, exemplified by ShahJahan’s Quadrangle in Lahore Fort, demonstrates the dual purpose of water as both an aesthetic and functional element. Water, through fountains, channels, and pools, not only enhances visual appeal but also provides passive cooling, contributing to thermal comfort without modern mechanical systems. This study reveals Mughal mastery in integrating Islamic design with local traditions while optimizing environmental performance. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining architectural analysis with scientific evaluation of water’s role in temperature regulation and beautification.
Maritime Greenwich
—
2018 —
WHE545326A06E
The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, significantly expanded its scientific instrument collection through strategic acquisitions of private collections during the 1930s. This expansion, largely driven by the support of shipping magnate James Caird and guided by the museum's first director, Geoffrey Callender, highlighted the interplay between maritime and scientific interests in shaping a national museum. The study examines the motives behind these acquisitions—primarily through purchase and loan—and their broader implications for the museum's identity and purpose. It reveals how private patronage and curatorial vision could rapidly define institutional collections, offering insights into the intersection of science and maritime heritage.
Lake Baikal
—
2018 —
WHE44C91D8CD5
Lake Baikal, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, faces complex challenges that necessitate robust legal, institutional, and economic frameworks for its protection. The study highlights the need for long-term instruments to safeguard unique natural complexes like Lake Baikal, emphasizing Russia's legal, economic, and moral obligations under the World Heritage Convention. It underscores the significance of the existing Federal Law On Protecting Lake Baikal as a pioneering legislative measure tailored specifically to preserve this irreplaceable natural treasure. The research approach involves analyzing the effectiveness of current policies and advocating for enhanced protection mechanisms to ensure the lake's sustainability, contributing valuable insights for global conservation efforts.
Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena
—
2018 —
WHE83F17E6CE6
Medieval sculptors in Italy were employing advanced knowledge of optics, geometry, and visual theory centuries before the Renaissance, challenging the conventional narrative that perspective was a solely Renaissance innovation. Christopher R. Lakey's study demonstrates that these sculptors used relief sculptures to manipulate viewers' perspectives, enhancing religious and political messaging through carefully orchestrated points of view and architectural space. The research combines meticulous visual analysis with close textual readings of medieval works, including notable examples from the cathedrals of Modena and Ferrara, as well as the Pisano pulpits in Pisa and Pistoia. This reveals that linear perspective concepts, later codified by Renaissance painters, were already in practice among sculptors during the 12th to 14th centuries.
Wadden Sea
—
2018 —
WHED381323305
Projected sea-level rise in the Dutch Wadden Sea by 2100 could reach up to 0.76 meters under the high-emission RCP8.5 scenario, significantly exceeding previous estimates and highlighting the region's vulnerability to climate change. This study compares IPCC AR5 projections with recent updates, incorporating interannual variability from long-term tide-gauge data and assessing potential accelerated Antarctic ice mass loss. Under the RCP2.6 (low-emission) and RCP4.5 (intermediate-emission) scenarios, sea-level rise is projected to be 0.41±0.25m and 0.52±0.27m, respectively, by 2100. The findings underscore the critical need for adaptive strategies in this low-lying UNESCO World Heritage Site, given the potential for extreme storm surges and tidal contributions not accounted for in these projections.
Kakadu National Park
—
2018 —
WHE4C8AB3D212
Sea-level rise poses significant threats to northern Australia’s coastal habitats, particularly the biodiverse floodplains of Kakadu National Park (KNP). A study using amplicon sequencing revealed that both floodplain morphology and river positioning significantly influence eukaryotic soil communities in KNP's South Alligator River floodplain. Salinity and pH emerged as dominant factors shaping these communities, especially in estuarine regions with major tidal influence. This research provides critical baseline data on how increased and prolonged saltwater exposure may reshape eukaryotic communities, offering insights into the potential impacts of sea-level rise on this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija
—
2018 —
WHE5429C087EA
A significant risk of mercury (Hg) transfer from sediments to the aquatic environment is identified, particularly during dry periods, due to increased organic Hg fractions. The study, conducted in Almadén's Valdeazogues River—one of the world's largest Hg mining districts—revealed that while Hg is predominantly stored as residual cinnabar, a substantial organic fraction also plays a critical role. Using BCR sequential extraction on nine sites over six time periods, researchers found seasonal variations: wet seasons favor residual Hg, whereas dry seasons enhance organic Hg availability, heightening ecological risk. Exchangeable/carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide phases showed minimal seasonal susceptibility. The findings underscore the need for seasonal monitoring to mitigate Hg's impact on aquatic ecosystems.
Taï National Park
—
2018 —
WHE5D2152FB42
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in savanna-mosaic habitats, such as Fongoli, face greater physiological challenges compared to those in lowland rainforests like Taï National Park. Despite the extreme and seasonal climatic conditions at Fongoli, chimpanzees there exhibited more stable energetic status but higher stress levels, indicating that such environments push the limits of their ecological niche. The study used urinary biomarkers—creatinine for hydration, c-peptide for energetic status, and cortisol for stress—to compare physiological responses across both sites. While dehydration affected chimpanzees at both locations, Fongoli's harsher conditions led to elevated cortisol levels, suggesting that savanna habitats are not universally more severe than forested ones but do present unique challenges.
High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago
—
2018 —
WHEA985C1B14B
Land elevation in the Kvarken Archipelago, driven by post-glacial rebound at 0.8–0.9 cm/year, creates 1 km² of new land annually, which becomes a valuable resource managed by local commons. This study reveals that part-owners of these commons hold significant power in negotiating leasehold contracts and access to second homes on emergent land, often leading to unequal opportunities for non-part-owners. While locals benefit from fairer pricing and greater access, second home leaseholders without part-ownership are excluded from decision-making, resulting in social and landscape conflicts. The research, based on interviews with commons representatives and second home owners, highlights the tension between equitable resource management and the exclusionary practices of local governance.
Medina of Sousse
—
2018 —
WHEEC9568658A
Tunisia's approach to security in the Sahel, exemplified by fortified medina walls and ribats, is evolving to address 21st-century challenges. The study highlights a shift toward investing in higher education, particularly in practical fields like medicine and science, as a strategy for national development and enhanced security. While traditional defense structures remain prominent, modern threats such as terrorism have significantly impacted the region's tourism sector, with notable declines in hotel occupancy post-2001. This analysis underscores the need for adaptive security measures that balance historical defenses with contemporary economic and educational advancements.
Wadden Sea
—
2018 —
WHE3BA077B5B3
The Dutch Wadden Sea, a unique tidal wetland spanning nearly 500 km along the North Sea coast, is experiencing morphological changes due to accelerated sea-level rise (SLR) and subsidence. Research indicates that while the intertidal flats have been accreting faster than local relative SLR since 1926, this is primarily driven by sediment imports from ebb-tidal deltas and barrier islands rather than direct response to rising sea levels. Long-term modeling suggests that the impact of accelerated SLR on the Wadden Sea will remain limited until at least 2030, with noticeable effects only emerging by 2100 under high-end SLR scenarios. The study highlights the complex sediment-sharing system involving barrier islands, ebb-tidal deltas, and tidal basins, where processes like residual flow, tidal asymmetry, and wave dispersion play crucial roles in maintaining sediment balance.
Aldabra Atoll
—
2018 —
WHE48A3BC41D0
Aldabra giant tortoises play a crucial role in seed dispersal, contributing significantly to the plant-frugivore community dynamics on Aldabra Atoll. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of chelonian frugivory and seed dispersal (FSD), highlighting their importance from individual, population, and community perspectives. Using network analyses, it evaluates the role of tortoises in the seed dispersal community, offering insights into their efficiency and spatial extent of seed spread. The research also demonstrates that both small and large tortoises can retain seeds for long periods, supporting their potential for ecological restoration. Additionally, it explores the thermoregulatory ecology of Aldabra giant tortoises, providing practical applications for captive management.
Soltaniyeh
—
2018 —
WHE7896850C34
A seismic vulnerability study of the Soltaniyeh dome, the world's largest brick dome and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, reveals significant structural weaknesses under seismic loads. The research, employing finite element modeling (FEM) validated by experimental data, identified critical crack formation and propagation originating from openings on the second and third floors during a 475-year return period earthquake. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses demonstrated that while the dome performs adequately under gravity loads, its top is particularly vulnerable to seismic stress, necessitating urgent rehabilitation efforts.
Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks
—
2018 —
WHEDBC9373477
Researchers have identified <em>Selaginella germinans</em>, a new articulate species of fern ally, endemic to the Chapada dos Veadeiros region in Brazil's Cerrado biome. This discovery highlights unique morphological traits, including dorsal rhizophores, flagelliform stems, and flattened buds or gemmae at branch apices, which are proposed as an adaptive vegetative reproductive mechanism for survival under adverse conditions like fires and droughts. The study employs Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to illustrate key features such as stem sections, leaves, and megaspores, while also addressing taxonomic affinity, habitat specifics, and conservation implications. Published in <em>Botany Letters</em>, this work contributes to the understanding of biodiversity in the Cerrado Protected Areas, particularly within UNESCO-listed sites like Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks.
Cologne Cathedral
—
2018 —
WHEAF32C31C24
Nanocomposites combining photocatalytic, antifouling, and protective properties show promise for stone conservation. A study within the EU-Horizon 2020 project 'Nano-Cathedral' developed innovative treatments using nanoparticles (TiO₂, Ag, ZnO), solvents, and silane/siloxane-based matrices applied to six lithotypes from five medieval cathedrals—including Cologne Cathedral—and a contemporary structure. These treatments demonstrated surface compatibility, reduced water absorption, altered wettability, and maintained water vapor permeability while exhibiting strong photocatalytic and antifouling properties. Accelerated ageing tests confirmed the stability of polymeric matrices even with photoactive TiO₂, suggesting durable performance for stone protection.
State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv”
—
2018 —
WHEA2ADE5438D
Recent archaeological work at the Great Kyz Kala, Merv, Turkmenistan, has revealed that this monumental köshk—a semi-fortified palatial complex—served as an elite suburban residence, likely for the governor of Merv. Constructed in the 8th/9th century CE, the complex features well-appointed rooms on its second storey, including a large hall, and functional spaces around an internal courtyard on the lower floor. Surrounded by gardens and possibly ancillary buildings within an enclosure, this discovery provides new insights into the architectural and social dynamics of Central Asian palatial complexes. The study employed systematic excavations to document construction details and usage patterns, offering a deeper understanding of these understudied monuments.
Angkor
—
2018 —
WHEB37F444551
A groundbreaking approach using semi-supervised machine learning has demonstrated the potential to accurately predict the chronology of medieval temples at Angkor, Cambodia, with an average error margin of 49-66 years. This method outperforms traditional statistical techniques, particularly in datasets with limited labeled data and incomplete attributes—a common challenge in archaeology. By leveraging a large dataset of temples with known architectural elements and artifacts (where less than 10% had confirmed dates), the study highlights how advanced computational power can address complex archaeological problems, offering a promising new tool for anthropological research.
Semmering Railway
—
2018 —
WHEA89AD39F24
Austria's Semmering Railway, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its engineering innovation and scenic value, faces legal challenges in environmental impact assessments (EIAs). This case examines how the 1972 UNESCO Convention obligates States to protect cultural heritage during infrastructure projects. It highlights the tension between modern development needs and the preservation of intangible and tangible heritage values. The analysis focuses on Austria's compliance with international law, particularly in balancing economic interests with heritage conservation. By interpreting treaty obligations, this study provides a framework for ensuring World Heritage Sites are safeguarded in legal proceedings, offering insights into global heritage protection mechanisms.
Messel Pit Fossil Site
—
2018 —
WHEF0738F946F
A groundbreaking study reveals seven new fossil species of parasitoid wasps from the Eocene Messel Pit, Germany (~47 million years ago), significantly expanding our understanding of ichneumonid diversity and evolution. Among the discoveries, Scambus fossilobus is identified as the oldest unequivocal representative of the subfamily Pimplinae, with distinctive lobed claws providing a clear synapomorphy. Additionally, Labeninae (Trigonator macrocheirus) is documented outside Gondwana for the first time, challenging prior geographical assumptions about this group. The study also establishes minimum ages for genera like Rhyssella and Xanthopimpla, dating them back to the Early/Middle Eocene. However, two species remain taxonomically unresolved due to high homoplasy in ichneumonid traits, highlighting the need for rigorous taxonomic approaches. This research leverages exceptional fossil preservation at Messel Pit to refine phylogenetic placements and age estimates, offering new insights into the evolutionary history of parasitoid wasps.
Los Alerces National Park
—
2018 —
WHE23980F6262
A study comparing two sampling techniques for sarcosaprophagous Calyptratae (Diptera) flies in Los Alerces National Park and other Valdivian temperate forests found that bottle traps baited with putrescine reliably estimate local abundance, matching active capture methods. The research also revealed significant intraspecific sex ratio differences between the two techniques, despite expected interspecific variations in trapping efficiency. This insight highlights the importance of selecting appropriate sampling methods to accurately assess fly populations and their sex ratios, which could impact ecological studies and conservation efforts.
Heard and McDonald Islands
—
2018 —
WHEA46EF72F0F
A study on the Australian Patagonian toothfish fishery at Heard and McDonald Islands reveals that while ecological risks have been effectively mitigated over time using the Ecological Risk Assessment for Effects of Fishing (ERAEF), fuel use per kilogram has increased, highlighting a trade-off between ecological sustainability and operational efficiency. The research combines ERAEF with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to provide contrasting yet complementary perspectives on sustainability, suggesting that integrating LCA could refine ecosystem-based fisheries management by better addressing the diverse views of supply chain stakeholders.
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca
—
2018 —
WHECA5DE474A1
A comprehensive analysis of the lithic assemblage from TD6 at Gran Dolina, Atapuerca, reveals two distinct stages of hominin occupation during the Early Pleistocene. The study, which includes previously unstudied subunits TD6.3 and TD6.1 alongside the better-known TD6.2, demonstrates a shift from light, limited occupation in the oldest subunit to a rich, varied assemblage suggesting the cave's establishment as a significant landmark. Despite these occupational differences, the technological sequence remains remarkably homogeneous throughout, indicating consistent hominin strategies. The discovery of 12 lithic refit groups and the in situ nature of the assemblage challenges previous interpretations that suggested an ex situ origin, highlighting the high preservation potential at this UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Stevns Klint
—
2018 —
WHEC9590A3590
Global warming following the Chicxulub asteroid impact at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary triggered shelf hypoxia, offering a parallel to current climate change. The study, analyzing high-resolution geochemical and paleontological records from Stevns Klint (Denmark), Brazos-1 (Texas, USA), and Caravaca (Spain), reveals that rapid warming post-impact led to oxygen-depleted bottom waters due to reduced gas solubility, decreased ocean ventilation, and increased nutrient inputs. This hypoxia caused significant stress on benthic communities, highlighting the ecological consequences of abrupt climate shifts.
Megalithic Temples of Malta
—
2018 —
WHE4159263110
Protective shelters installed over three megalithic temple sites in Malta have demonstrated both beneficial and transitional effects on structural stability. The study found that while shelters mitigate environmental threats such as wetting-drying cycles, thermal fluctuations, and salt corrosion—key factors in the deterioration of these ancient structures—their long-term impact requires sustained monitoring to distinguish between immediate benefits and enduring trends. Lessons learned emphasize the necessity for site-specific strategies, careful selection of monitored parameters, and adaptive management frameworks. The research highlights that shelters alone are insufficient without a comprehensive conservation strategy, advocating for performance indicators tailored to individual sites.
