Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
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2018 —
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The documentary 'Sherpa' (1995) explores the profound physiological adaptations of Sherpas to high-altitude hypoxia, highlighting their extraordinary physical performance as guides and porters for mountaineers on Mount Everest. The film captures the traditional subsistence lifestyle in Khumbu, Nepal, while illustrating the growing impact of trek tourism on this UNESCO World Heritage Site. It also examines the cultural and spiritual significance of Buddhism in Sherpa life, including annual festivals and reverence for the mountains. Though limited in depth, the documentary provides a vivid portrayal of Sherpas' dual role as both stewards of pristine mountain environments and participants in high-altitude mountaineering, raising questions about the reconciliation of their beliefs with the increasing human activity.
City of Cuzco
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2018 —
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A large painted panorama of Cuzco, Peru, reveals that the city's 1650 earthquake is depicted not as a singular disaster but through contested religious narratives. The study finds that while the Spanish-influenced Virgin Mary is traditionally credited with miraculous intervention, the painting subtly elevates a lesser-known life-size crucifix as the true protector. This dual imagery challenges the dominant colonial narrative, offering Cuzqueños an alternative historical memory. The research analyzes the inscription and pictorial elements of the panorama to uncover this subversive framing, demonstrating how visual art can encode resistance against hegemonic stories.
Nyungwe National Park
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2018 —
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Eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda, exhibit distinct home range and movement patterns influenced by habitat type and seasonal variations. The Mayebe community, residing in the forest center, had a significantly larger home range (21 km²) compared to the Cyamudongo community in a fragmented forest area (4 km²). Movement patterns also varied, with the Mayebe group covering an average of 987 m daily, while the Cyamudongo group covered 651 m. Both communities primarily fed on Ficus spp., but dietary preferences shifted seasonally and monthly, including fruits like Symphonia globulifera and Trilepisium madagascariense. This study provides critical insights into chimpanzee behavior in Rwanda, highlighting the importance of core home range areas for conservation efforts.
Mammoth Cave National Park
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2018 —
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White-nose syndrome (WNS), which arrived in North America in 2006, has significantly altered the foraging bat assemblage at Mammoth Cave National Park. A study analyzing mist net capture data from 2009 to 2016 revealed a notable shift in species abundance. The Northern Long-eared Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), once the most common species, declined to 18.5% of its pre-WNS levels. Conversely, the Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis) showed the largest increase in capture success post-WNS arrival, followed by the Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) and Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis). These changes suggest that WNS is reshaping foraging bat communities, with less affected species potentially occupying niche space vacated by those severely impacted by the disease. The study highlights the broader ecological implications of WNS on forest-dwelling bats.
Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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2018 —
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A groundbreaking approach using shipboard 3D printing of soft robotic manipulators enables delicate interactions with fragile deep-sea organisms, addressing longstanding challenges in sampling and studying these species. Deployed via a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) at depths reaching 2224 meters in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA), these custom-designed manipulators successfully grasped goniasterids and holothurians—organisms historically difficult to collect undamaged with rigid tools or suction samplers. Rapid iterative design, fabrication, and testing at sea allowed for real-time adaptations, such as adding 'fingernails,' enhancing precision. This method offers a less invasive alternative to traditional sampling, benefiting slow-growing deep-sea organisms, some of which can be up to 18,000 years old. By combining soft robotics with on-the-fly fabrication, the study demonstrates a scalable solution for exploring delicate marine ecosystems in remote and logistically challenging environments.
Vredefort Dome
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2018 —
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A novel shock microstructure in >4 Ga lunar zircons, preserved in Apollo 14 and 15 samples, reveals insights into the impact history of the Moon. The study found that most zircons experienced moderate shock pressures (3–20 GPa), with few exceeding 40 GPa or reaching temperatures above 1000 °C. This suggests their origin from central uplifts or crater rims rather than high-temperature ejecta deposits, mirroring patterns seen in terrestrial impact sites like the Vredefort Dome. The research employed electron backscatter pattern (EBSP) and diffraction (EBSD) techniques to analyze 31 zircons, uncovering unique spherical shell-like features in one grain that represent a previously undocumented shock response.
Los Alerces National Park
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2018 —
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A significant shift in taxonomic composition and reduced densities of sensitive taxa in Patagonian headwater streams was observed shortly after the 2015 El Cristo wildfire in Los Alerces National Park. While macroinvertebrate richness, abundance, and diversity remained unchanged, burned streams exhibited higher water temperature, total dissolved solids, and suspended solids, along with a notable decrease in shredders and collector-filterers. This suggests that while overall biodiversity may be resilient to short-term disturbances, sensitive taxa and functional feeding groups are vulnerable. The study compared physicochemical variables and community structure between burned and unburned streams through periodic water quality assessments and sampling of periphyton and invertebrates over eight months post-fire.
Garajonay National Park
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2018 —
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Subtropical cloud forests, such as those found in Garajonay National Park on La Gomera Island, Spain, show significant vulnerability to fire with recovery taking decades. A study comparing burned and unburned plots from fires dating back to 1960 revealed that structural complexity and species composition in burned areas had only recovered to about 40% and 35%, respectively, of their pre-fire states even after long periods. Burned plots exhibited higher tree density, more pioneer species, and greater daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity. The research highlights the prolonged recovery time required for these ecosystems and suggests increased susceptibility to subsequent fires, emphasizing the need for effective fire management strategies.
Bisotun
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2018 —
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Achaemenid inscriptions, particularly those of Darius I at Bisotun, represent the most significant surviving Old Persian literary sources. Darius innovated a new cuneiform script for public monuments, using it to justify his claim to kingship in both political declarations and monumental inscriptions. The Bisotun Inscription, initially written in Elamite and Babylonian, later included an Old Persian version, suggesting Darius extended this practice to other royal inscriptions, such as those of Cyrus in Pasargadae. Royal Achaemenid inscriptions typically employed the empire's three official languages—Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian—with Aramaic rarely used for inscriptions but more common in diplomatic correspondence and provincial ordinances.
Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque
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2018 —
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Archaeological research at the Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque reveals distinct ritual practices compared to those observed in the eastern lowlands of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. Unlike the more common use of durable materials like ceramics and jade in ritual deposits, Palenque's offerings frequently include organic materials such as wood and perishable items. This study proposes an integrated approach to ritual archaeology, emphasizing the analysis of micro-scale remains to better understand these unique practices. Preliminary excavations at a residential site support this framework, highlighting the need for a more nuanced interpretation of ritual material culture in the western lowlands.
Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena
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2018 —
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Colonial Cartagena de Indias, a pivotal port in the transatlantic slave trade, was home to a Jesuit ministry that both ministered to enslaved Africans and perpetuated the destruction of African life through colonization and enslavement. This study reveals how the historical legacy of this ministry has contributed to the silencing of the atrocities committed during the slave trade, leading to a distorted understanding of the Catholic Church's and Jesuits' role in these destructive processes. The research focuses on key figures like Saint Peter Claver and Alonso de Sandoval, whose works have shaped scholarly narratives but also obscured the genocidal impact of enslavement. By analyzing primary sources and historical records, the study argues that the ministry's legacy continues to influence contemporary perceptions, reinforcing a narrative that downplays the Church's complicity in systemic violence.
Phoenix Islands Protected Area
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2018 —
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Black reefs in the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, characterized by degraded coral ecosystems, show no signs of recovery despite being observed over a 12-year period from 2003 to 2015. The study links this degradation to the introduction of iron from shipwrecks, which promotes the proliferation of turf algae and cyanobacterial mats in an otherwise iron-poor equatorial Pacific environment. Researchers analyzed these black reefs to understand their formation and persistence, revealing a silent ecological threat that undermines conservation efforts in protected areas.
Lake Baikal
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2018 —
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A recent study identified Lake Baikal's large tributaries, particularly the Barguzin River mouth and Selenga River delta, as significant 'hotspots' for silica-scaled chrysophytes. Researchers recorded 66 species and intra-specific taxa, including eight previously unrecorded in Russia, such as Chrysosphaerella rotundata and Synura laticarina. The study also noted morphological changes in Mallomonas striata scales during May. Notably, the Barguzin River mouth exhibited higher diversity (35 species) compared to the Selenga River delta (52 species), suggesting these tributaries diversify chrysophyte flora in Lake Baikal's southern and central basins. Combined with three global hotspots, this region expands our understanding of silica-scaled chrysophyte biodiversity.
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
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2018 —
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Geographic Information System (GIS) tools effectively identify areas unsuitable for local airport development by overlaying constraints such as forest areas, tanks, airborne restricted zones, and streams. This study demonstrates that GIS can systematically analyze site suitability factors, particularly in Sri Lanka, where Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts are key tourist destinations. By applying the Erase tool to exclude non-suitable regions, the research highlights potential airport locations while considering land use patterns, road networks, and railway systems. The findings underscore GIS's utility in regional planning, offering a data-driven approach to balancing infrastructure development with environmental and operational considerations.
Rideau Canal
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2018 —
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Human remains from laborers who built the Rideau Canal contribute significantly to its heritage value, yet these cemeteries are excluded from official narratives due to historical gaps and policy limitations. This study challenges such omissions by demonstrating that the bodies of canal laborers enrich both tangible and intangible cultural heritage, advocating for a new discourse that recognizes their role in local communities. The research relies on community expertise and archaeological insights, particularly from Ken Watson, Neil Patterson, and Sue Warren, to address misconceptions about 'unmarked' cemeteries. It underscores the need for policy adjustments to acknowledge human remains as part of heritage preservation.
City of Graz – Historic Centre and Schloss Eggenberg
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2018 —
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Star architecture, often associated with the Bilbao effect, does not universally follow the logic of international economic competition. Instead, medium-sized cities like Graz, Lucerne, and Wolfsburg employ such structures for socio-cultural distinction and internal reinvention, emphasizing expressive and symbolic roles over purely instrumental ones. This study challenges the assumption of replicability by juxtaposing three empirical cases—Kunsthaus in Graz, Culture and Congress Centre in Lucerne, and Phaeno Science Centre in Wolfsburg—to demonstrate that urban repositioning can be a complex socio-cultural performance rather than a straightforward economic investment.
Jodrell Bank Observatory
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2018 —
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The international Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, nearing the end of its design phase and poised for construction, introduces a sophisticated Telescope Manager (TM) software system to oversee operations. This distributed Observatory will integrate two radio interferometers—one in Western Australia (SKA-Low) and another in South Africa (SKA-Mid)—operating as a unified entity with global headquarters at Jodrell Bank, UK. The TM software is designed to streamline proposal submissions, subsystem coordination, and real-time monitoring while ensuring reliability across domains. A key innovation is the adoption of the Software Engineering Institute's architecture design processes, enhancing documentation and review protocols. This adaptive approach addresses complex challenges in managing a global observatory, setting a precedent for large-scale astronomical infrastructure.
High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago
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2018 —
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A critical threshold for the Kvarken Archipelago's flad ecosystems is approaching, where sea level rise (9 mm/year) may outpace land uplift, halting new land formation and endangering these fragile coastal lagoons. To mitigate this, researchers are mapping 52 flads across Finland and Sweden to assess their ecological functions as fish reproduction sites, using biological, physicochemical, and vegetational data. By modeling these findings, the study aims to quantify ecosystem services and human impacts on these vital habitats.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
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2018 —
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A novel study reveals that between-group competition significantly influences space use patterns in non-territorial mountain gorillas, challenging the traditional view of territoriality in these species. Researchers analyzed 13 gorilla groups in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, finding that increased local population density and intergroup encounters led to smaller home range sizes and longer daily travel distances. Within-group competition, driven by larger group sizes, also reduced revisits to specific areas. Food availability further shaped spacing patterns, with herbaceous food abundance decreasing home range size and frugivory increasing travel distance. The findings suggest a gradient of between-group competition in non-territorial species, offering new insights into the adaptive strategies of mountain gorillas.
Redwood National and State Parks
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2018 —
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Male Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) in Redwood National and State Parks exhibit disrupted foraging efficiency when interacting socially with females, spending more time with their heads up compared to when aggregating solely with other males. This social behavior, characterized by proximity to conspecifics, affects males more than females, suggesting sex-specific ecological differences. The study analyzed 547 focal observations of 4–15 minutes each, measuring head-up time, step length, and foraging path tortuosity in a nonmigratory elk population. While social behavior did not influence step length or path tortuosity, it significantly impacted feeding time, highlighting the complex interplay between social dynamics and foraging efficiency in size-dimorphic ungulates.
The Sundarbans
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2018 —
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Small-scale fisheries in the Sundarban Mangrove Forest (SMF), a critical ecosystem for Bangladesh, are under severe threat due to mangrove degradation driven by deforestation, illegal logging, and environmental stressors. Despite diversification efforts, artisanal fishers' livelihoods remain intricately linked to the forest's health. The study reveals that these fishers face multiple risks—including tiger attacks, corruption, and natural disasters—which have compelled them to adopt adaptive strategies such as illegal fishing practices, migration, and reliance on women for household tasks. These coping mechanisms, while necessary, further strain the already fragile social-ecological system (SES). The research highlights urgent policy gaps in managing the SMF, emphasizing the need for sustainable resource utilization to protect both the ecosystem and the livelihoods of its dependent communities.
Al Zubarah Archaeological Site
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2018 —
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Archaeological excavations in Qatar have uncovered significant remains of towns and villages from the 18th to early 20th centuries, providing unprecedented insights into pre-oil industrial society. The study focuses on two key sites: al-Zubarah, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2013, and Ra’s ‘Ushayrig, along with adjacent settlements like al-Ruwaydah and al-Burayqa. Analysis of architectural structures, material culture such as vessels and tools, and other artifacts reveals the communal identity and micro-history of Qatar during this period. The research highlights the importance of these sites in reconstructing the social fabric and cultural dynamics of Qatar before the oil industry's influence.
Bale Mountains National Park
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2018 —
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A study on the Bale Mountains National Park identifies 12 invasive plant species, with Parthenium hysterophorus, Xanthium strumarium, and others notably widespread. These species significantly impact biodiversity, ecosystems, livestock, crops, and human health, while also posing threats to the park's susceptible areas. Local communities employ chemical, mechanical, and biological control methods, though their efforts are limited. The research highlights an urgent need for sustainable strategies to mitigate the spreading menace of these invasive plants, which is escalating at an alarming rate in the region.
Kaziranga National Park
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2018 —
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A survey of 100 fringe villagers around Kaziranga National Park, Assam, revealed that these communities rely primarily on agriculture and animal husbandry for livelihood, with small landholdings (up to 5 bighas) and medium herd sizes (3.08–5.24 cattle units). Most respondents were middle-aged (31–47 years), belonged to scheduled tribes (32%), and had nuclear families of average size (five members). Educational attainment was limited, with primary school being the highest level for many, while social participation was notably low at 8%. The study also found a medium level of experience in agriculture and livestock but a low exposure to mass media (48%). Annual income from all sources and livestock was moderate. This research highlights the socio-economic challenges faced by fringe villagers, including limited education, low social engagement, and dependence on traditional livelihoods, which may impact conservation efforts in UNESCO-listed Kaziranga National Park.
Kairouan
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2018 —
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A novel technique for mapping soil moisture and irrigation at the scale of agricultural fields has been developed, achieving high accuracy with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of less than 5%. This approach combines multi-temporal optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 satellites. The method was tested in the Kairouan plain, a semi-arid region in Tunisia, using an algorithm based on the Water Cloud Model (WCM) for soil water content spatialization between 2015 and 2017. Validation through ground measurements and neural networks confirmed the accuracy of the retrieved soil moisture products. The study further classified irrigated and rainfed areas by analyzing soil moisture and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series, producing irrigation maps at the field scale with an accuracy of 77% when using soil moisture indices alone.
Serra da Capivara National Park
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2018 —
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Fragile soils in Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its significant archaeological sites, exhibit high susceptibility to erosion due to their incipient development and the sparse, deciduous caatinga vegetation. The study identified seven soil profiles, primarily classified as Entisols or Inceptisols, with marked variations in morphological, chemical, and granulometric attributes reflecting diverse geological origins. Five of these profiles are particularly vulnerable to degradation, especially those derived from pelitic rocks of the Pimenteiras Formation, which show exposed bedrock and severe erosion. These findings underscore the urgent need for specialized soil management practices to mitigate environmental degradation in this semi-arid tropical region.
City of Quito
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2018 —
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A study on Quito's Historic Center and La Mariscal zones reveals that optimizing the number and location of loading and unloading bays can significantly enhance commercial logistics. The research, conducted by Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) in collaboration with MIT's Megacity Logistics Lab, proposes a solution to minimize delivery time and distance, improve urban freight transportation, and reduce traffic congestion. By analyzing actual commercial activity data through surveys on delivery frequency and quantity, the study developed an optimization model to determine the optimal number of bays—75 for the Historic Center and 98 for La Mariscal per square kilometer. This approach aims to serve as a baseline for further urban logistics research in Latin America, where such studies remain underdeveloped.
Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem
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2018 —
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Laser scanning emerges as a powerful tool for structural analysis of historical buildings, offering non-destructive insights into their integrity. This study demonstrates its application to the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehemrevealing subtle structural behaviors and damage patterns without physical intervention. By focusing on data acquisition rather than geometric representation, researchers captured critical details that could inform conservation efforts. The approach was also validated through additional case studies, including Renaissance architecture and historical masonry, highlighting its broader utility. Open challenges in the field remain, but this work underscores laser scanning's potential to deepen our understanding of heritage structures while preserving their cultural significance.
Galápagos Islands
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2018 —
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This study describes twenty-two species of monogenetic trematodes, including twenty new species, collected from marine fish gills across the Galápagos Islands and neighboring Pacific regions. Notably, two new genera, Pseudomicrocotyle and Acanthocolpa, were proposed, with the former reclassifying Microcotyle acanthurum. The research also corrected MacCallum's measurements of Protomicrocotyle mirabile and expanded its genus description. Additionally, previously undescribed structures surrounding the genital pore in Acanthocolpa species were identified and named 'giant cells,' highlighting their taxonomic significance. The study underscores the specificity of trematode-host relationships, with each described species found on only one specific host despite examining over 500 fish from approximately 100 species.
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
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2018 —
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South Africa: The Art of a Nation offers a groundbreaking, coherent history of South African art from 3 million years ago to the present, challenging Eurocentric narratives and asserting the depth and continuity of indigenous artistic traditions. By structuring its analysis thematically across seven chapters—ranging from early human artifacts like the Makapansgat Pebble and Blombos Cave beads to contemporary works—the monograph refutes claims of white supremacy while tracing the evolution of aesthetic expression, symbolism, and resistance. The research approach combines chronological progression with thematic 'call-and-response' comparisons between ancient and modern art, integrating archaeological evidence, colonial-era artifacts, and post-apartheid works. Highlighting objects such as the Mapungubwe Rhinoceros and Karel Nel's Taung/Piltdown (2011), it exposes the legacy of colonialism and racial bias in European collecting practices while celebrating indigenous creativity. The study serves as a foundational text, enriching scholarly debates on South African art history with high-quality reproductions and nuanced analyses.
Península Valdés
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2018 —
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Research indicates that the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) population in Golfo San Matías, Patagonia, Argentina, is experiencing recolonization and a positive growth trend following decades of recovery after the international hunting moratorium. Aerial surveys from 2007 to 2016 revealed a shift in geographic distribution, with whales increasingly using the northwest coast of the gulf, particularly between late August and early September. Unlike Península Valdés, where mother-calf pairs dominate, Golfo San Matías is primarily used by solitary individuals and breeding groups, suggesting its importance for socializing and mating rather than as a nursery ground. Whale density in this area was found to be four times lower than in the gulfs of Península Valdés. The study also confirmed historical presence during commercial exploitation, contributing valuable insights for the conservation and management of southern right whales in Patagonia.
Palace and Park of Fontainebleau
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2018 —
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Sixteenth-century choreographers' spatial awareness transformed danced spectacles, shifting from participatory events to distant admirations. The study reveals how spaces evolved from rearranged bourgeois halls and princely gardens (e.g., Amboise 1518, Fontainebleau 1546) to elaborate theatre structures designed by artists like Leonardo da Vinci (1490). By analyzing these settings—ranging from intimate rooms in Bordeaux (1575) and Cambrai (1577) to grand theatres for the Duke of Ferrara (1549) and Henri II (Paris 1559)—the research demonstrates how Italian engineers' innovations in France redefined dancing as a spectacle, prioritizing visual admiration over participation. This transition marked a significant shift in choreographic artistry.
Mistaken Point
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2018 —
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Spatial analyses of Ediacaran fossil communities at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, reveal complex ecological interactions among 10 taxa on one surface (E), while another (D) shows no such associations. Bayesian network inference identified a web of interactions on the E-surface, with all but one taxon (Thectardis) linked to others, suggesting distinct ecological roles. The study also detected habitat associations and weak competition for resources between certain taxa, such as Charniodiscus–Plumeropriscum and Plumeropriscum–Fractofusus. No instances of interspecific facilitation were found. The research used millimeter-accurate GPS mapping and spatial point-process analysis to study these ~565-million-year-old fossils, providing insights into the ecological dynamics of early multicellular life.
Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China
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2018 —
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A 55-year analysis of drought and flood patterns in Quanzhou, China, reveals distinct periodic variations with no significant long-term trends. Frequent droughts occurred during 1963-1972, 1977-1986, and 2009-2011, while floods were prevalent in 1961-1962, 1972-1975, 1990-1992, and 1997-2007. The study used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), and Rotated EOF to analyze monthly precipitation data from six meteorological stations. While droughts and floods generally followed consistent trends across Quanzhou, regional differences were noted in the northwest mountainous, middle semi-mountainous, and southeast coastal areas. Seasonal rainfall patterns also varied, with Nan'an and Anxi consistently experiencing higher precipitation but differing in dry zones: Yongchun and Dehua in spring, Chongwu and Jinjiang in summer, Chongwu in autumn, and Dehua and Chongwu in winter.
Mount Wuyi
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2018 —
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A study of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mount Wuyi, Fujian Province, reveals that the tree species distribution is primarily random with some clustering, and exhibits high mixing intensity among species. This spatial structure contributes to significant species heterogeneity and diversity, with shade-tolerant species like <em>Pteroceltis tatarinowii</em> thriving in lower layers as light conditions change, while sun-loving species such as <em>Schima superba</em> dominate the upper canopy. The forest appears to be in a mid-to-late successional stage, lacking dominant species and showing no signs of climax community formation. The research used spatial structure parameters like angle scale, size ratio, and mixing degree to analyze 9.6-hectare dynamic monitoring plots, finding that higher species mixing correlates with denser spatial distribution and greater diversity.
Mount Wutai
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2018 —
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Research on Mount Wutai reveals that the spatial distribution of Larix principis-rupprechtii, a dominant tree species at the timberline ecotone, is significantly influenced by negative density constraints and interactions with understory vegetation. The study found that dead trees exhibit strong clustering at scales up to 15 meters, while live trees show smaller clusters primarily between 0-3 meters and around 21 meters. Using spatial pattern analysis models (CSR, HP, RL), the research demonstrates that spatial heterogeneity effectively explains the distribution of live trees, with negative density effects being a major factor in tree mortality, particularly for seedlings and saplings. These findings highlight the complex dynamics shaping timberline ecosystems under climate change.
Levoča, Spišský Hrad and the Associated Cultural Monuments
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2018 —
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Local development plans in Poland provide more detailed protection for cultural values and monuments compared to those in Slovakia, according to a comparative analysis of spatial planning systems. The study found that Polish planning documents more effectively incorporate actions for the conscious shaping of cultural landscapes and historical object preservation, unlike their Slovak counterparts, which rely heavily on provincial conservators for evaluation. This discrepancy highlights the need for stronger integration of heritage protection measures in Slovak spatial planning procedures.
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves
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2018 —
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A study of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago reveals that sediment distribution on its northern insular shelf shows no seasonal variation but exhibits spatial heterogeneity, influenced by bottom morphology, sediment sources, and wave action. The sediments are predominantly calcareous fine sands (CaCO3 ≈ 88.3%) with low organic matter content (TOC < 4.29%, TP < 0.44 µmol/g), primarily of marine origin (δ13C ≈ -22.17%PDB). However, some stations show relative enrichment in organic matter (TOC > 3.0%; TN > 0.4%) linked to anthropogenic impacts and local biotic/abiotic processes, with mixed isotopic signatures (δ13C = -24.5 to -23.0%PDB). The research analyzed 19 surface sediment samples collected between December 2013 and November 2014, assessing grain size, organic matter characteristics, and geochemical ratios.
Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes
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2018 —
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A significant spatial variation in the chemical composition of eolian sediments is observed in hyperarid desert regions, particularly between marginal and central zones of the Badain Jaran Desert. This variation is primarily driven by differences in source rock chemistry rather than sedimentary sorting or precipitation heterogeneity. The study analyzed 115 samples of eolian sand, lacustrine sediment, and exposed bedrock using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine elemental concentrations and ratios. Findings suggest that the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) may not be a reliable proxy for chemical weathering in hyperarid regions, necessitating caution in its use for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. This research enhances understanding of sediment transport and deposition processes in extreme environments.
Chitwan National Park
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2018 —
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A study analyzing wildlife attacks on humans and economic losses in Chitwan National Park, Nepal (1998–2016) found that while rhinos and elephants caused the most human-wildlife conflicts during full moon periods, increasing wildlife populations did not correlate with rising incidents. Underprivileged ethnic communities were disproportionately affected, and carnivores like tigers and leopards accounted for over 90% of livestock depredation, primarily targeting medium-sized animals near forest edges. Decreases in livestock holdings and conflict mitigation measures (e.g., fences) helped control incidents, though challenges persisted. The research suggests strengthening fencing, predator-proof corrals, and community education to reduce conflicts effectively.
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves
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2018 —
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A study of planktonic decapods along the leeward coast of Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Brazil, revealed distinct spatio-temporal patterns in their distribution and abundance. The research identified 22 decapod taxa, with Brachyura (zoeae), Clibanarius sp., Caridea, and Callianassidae being the most abundant. Notably, larval retention was observed in the southern coastal zones, with higher abundances recorded at Baía dos Golfinhos and Cacimba do Padre compared to the northernmost station, Porto de Santo Antônio. This suggests a downstream concentration of larvae, potentially influenced by oceanographic processes. The study also highlighted characteristic annual distribution trends for hermit crab (Clibanarius sp.) larvae and burrowing shrimp (Callianassidae) larvae. Sampling was conducted using sub-surface hauls with a 300 µm mesh net at five stations over multiple months in 2013 and 2014.
Gros Morne National Park
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2018 —
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A decade-long survey of Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, reveals a diverse nearshore fish fauna comprising 29 species from 17 families, including a rare late-maturing winter skate. The study found that fish assemblage similarity was influenced by salinity, substrate composition, and the presence of eelgrass, rather than geographic distance. This baseline data highlights Bonne Bay's potential as a National Marine Conservation Area (NMCA), given its adjacency to a UNESCO World Heritage Site, diverse fish fauna with several species of conservation concern, and local stewardship. The findings provide critical information for assessing Bonne Bay's suitability for marine conservation status.
Yungang Grottoes
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2018 —
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Reflectance spectroscopy offers a non-destructive method to monitor chemical weathering in sandstones at cultural heritage sites, including the Yungang Grottoes in China. This study identifies distinct spectral absorptions linked to different weathering stages—fresh, calcite-dissolved, and argillitic-altered—using specific wavelengths (e.g., 490, 675, 900 nm for hematite; 2330 nm for calcite). Calcite dissolution reduces absorption at 2330 nm, while argillic alteration diminishes hematite-related peaks. Shifts in kaolinite-related absorptions (1410, 2205, 2350, 2380 nm) correlate with increasing kaolinite content. These findings demonstrate spectroscopy's potential for long-term weathering monitoring, aiding heritage conservation and environmental policy.
Škocjan Caves
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2018 —
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Slovenia, recognized as the birthplace of karst geotourism, has over 12,000 caves, with 22 designated as tourist sites. A study using the M-GAM model assessed 10 of these caves to inform future management strategies. Key findings reveal that visitors prioritize natural values and prefer caves with minimal infrastructure, emphasizing protection status. The research highlights the pivotal role of Postojna Cave and Škocjan Caves in geotourism, with Škocjan's regional park management serving as a model for balancing mass tourism and geoheritage preservation.
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park
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2018 —
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Researchers have identified and described Speolabeo hokhanhi, a new species of cavefish from Hang Va Cave within Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Central Vietnam. This discovery distinguishes the species through unique morphological traits, including the absence of papillae on the lower lip, no hump behind the head, a duckbilled snout, and a shorter caudal peduncle compared to its relative, S. musaei. Additionally, the pelvic fin is positioned closer to the snout tip than to the caudal-fin base. The study contributes to the understanding of cavefish biodiversity in Vietnam's UNESCO-listed national parks.
Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
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2018 —
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At Neolithic Çatalhöyük, bird remains—particularly wings and feathers—reveal a profound cultural significance beyond nutrition. Unlike earlier sites where birds were primarily dietary staples, Çatalhöyük residents prioritized feathers for symbolic roles, suggesting their use in life cycle rituals, dance, and spiritual communication. Cranes and vultures, along with waterbirds associated with newborns, appear to have mediated between human and spirit worlds, indicating a rich cosmological framework. The study, analyzing body part distributions and artistic representations, demonstrates that color symbolism and mimetically invoked dances were integral to Neolithic social structure and ontology.
Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
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2018 —
WHED224B9B285
The Tenth International Easter Assembly 'Spirituality unites Ukraine' (2018) demonstrated the transformative power of cultural and spiritual events in fostering societal unity and overcoming stagnation. The study highlights how this annual event, held at UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, serves as a platform for international musical dialogues, honoring prominent figures, and promoting cross-cultural cooperation. Through concerts, competitions (e.g., Bogodar Kotorovych Violinist Contest), and charity programs, the assembly bridged political divisions while revitalizing Ukrainian national culture. The research emphasizes its novelty in showcasing performances by leading groups and its role as a catalyst for spiritual rapprochement among nations.
Olympic National Park
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2018 —
WHEAA33BD0488
Spontaneous vegetation restoration on fine sediments of the drained Elwha River reservoir closely mirrors adjacent natural forests, suggesting rapid and effective ecological recovery without human intervention. This study found that substrate texture—fine versus coarse sediments—was the primary factor influencing plant community composition, with successional age and proximity to existing forests also playing significant roles. Assisted restoration techniques like planting or seeding showed no discernible benefit in accelerating native vegetation development on fine sediments. Invasive species were notably less abundant than anticipated, indicating a resilient recovery process. These findings highlight the potential for spontaneous succession in post-dam removal landscapes, particularly on finer substrates, while suggesting that active intervention may be necessary to enhance native plant communities on coarser sediments.
Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks
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2018 —
WHEF9574EE49D
Sporophila hypochroma, a bird species found in the Cerrado Protected Areas of Brazil, exhibits distinct seasonal migration patterns. Records indicate its presence in northeastern and eastern Bolivia, northern, central-west, and southern Brazil, central Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina during certain months. In Brazil, it has been observed in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) between October and February, and in Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) from June to November. Notably, it was recorded in the Emas National Park in Goias (GO) in October, as well as in the Fossil Trees Natural Monument in Tocantins (TO). This species' distribution and migration routes are critical for understanding its ecological requirements and conservation needs within these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Yellowstone National Park
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2018 —
WHE62AEF05AA4
Research at Chocolate Pots hot spring, Yellowstone National Park, reveals that microbial iron reduction is a significant process in circumneutral-pH Fe-rich geothermal environments. Using stable isotope probing and metagenomic sequencing, scientists identified active Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB), including Geobacter and Ignavibacteria, which play a key role in iron redox cycling within Fe-Si oxide deposits near the hot spring vent. The study highlights the importance of these microbes in generating geochemical and stable isotopic signatures, offering insights into potential microbial life in ancient Earth ecosystems and on Mars.
