World Heritage Research: Browse Publications: Page 588

A laboratory based experimental study of mercury emission from contaminated soils in the River Idrijca catchment

Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija — 2010 — WHE0D7CE8ECBB

Mercury emissions from contaminated soils in the Idrija Hg-mine region, Slovenia, exhibit significant variability depending on distance from mining sources and environmental conditions. Laboratory flux measurements revealed that mercury emission fluxes (MEFs) ranged from less than 2 to 530 ng m^-2 h^-1, with the highest emissions observed in alluvial soils near the mining district. The study found a strong positive correlation between MEF and three key environmental parameters: soil temperature, moisture, and solar radiation. Notably, light-induced mercury flux was independent of soil temperature, while the aqueous phase in soil appeared to recharge the available mercury pool for both light- and thermally-induced emissions. The overall flux response varied significantly based on the form of mercury present, with higher activation energies required for soils dominated by insoluble cinnabar compared to those with more mobile mercury forms. This research highlights the complex interplay between environmental factors and mercury speciation in determining emission dynamics.

A lovebird (Psittaciformes: Agapornis) from the Plio-Pleistocene Kromdraai B locality, South Africa

Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa — 2010 — WHE43F0E73757

A fossil humerus from the Plio-Pleistocene Kromdraai B locality in South Africa confirms the presence of lovebirds (Agapornis) during the early Pleistocene, around 1.95 million years ago. This specimen differs morphologically and is slightly smaller than extant lovebird species, suggesting it represents an extinct taxon. The discovery supports the idea that the paleohabitat around Kromdraai B, where Australopithecus robustus lived, was a mosaic of wooded or forested habitats. Lovebirds' modern preference for such environments aligns with mammalian-based evidence, providing insights into the ecological context of early hominid habitation.

A Methodological Approach Towards Conservation

Villa Romana del Casale — 2010 — WHE2B9C58945D

Conservation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the Villa Romana del Casale, requires a consistent methodological approach to identify and preserve their inherent values. This study proposes a qualitative methodology that extracts typological, structural, constructional, functional, aesthetic, formal, historical, and symbolic values from historic buildings. By analyzing these values, conservation projects can achieve more objective outcomes and better decision-making processes. The research highlights the need for a standardized approach to conservation, drawing on examples like the Colosseum, Palace of the Partal, and Theatre at Orange, which are widely admired in the heritage conservation community.

A methodology for Raman structural quantification imaging and its application to iron indoor atmospheric corrosion products

Amiens Cathedral — 2010 — WHE4D3F5C3F67

Raman structural imaging has been advanced to quantitatively analyze corrosion products on ancient iron artifacts, offering new insights into the composition and structure of indoor atmospheric corrosion layers. This study introduces a novel methodology using home-developed software, LADIR-CAT, which extracts quantitative parameters from Raman hyperspectral maps. Applied to corroded iron samples from Amiens Cathedral, France, this approach enables detailed mapping of corrosion compounds, providing a deeper understanding of the degradation processes affecting historical metal structures. The findings contribute significantly to the preservation and study of cultural heritage materials, particularly those at risk from atmospheric corrosion.

A new Burgess Shale–type assemblage from the “thin” Stephen Formation of the southern Canadian Rockies

Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks — 2010 — WHEA83A863DCE

Researchers have discovered a new Burgess Shale-type fossil assemblage in the 'thin' Stephen Formation near Stanley Glacier, Kootenay National Park, Canada. This marks the first finding of such fossils in this formation, expanding the known temporal and geographic range of the Burgess Shale biota. Unlike previous discoveries linked to paleotopographic features like the Cathedral Escarpment, this assemblage was preserved in a distal ramp setting without evidence of an escarpment. The low-diversity assemblage includes eight new soft-bodied taxa, notably the anomalocaridid Stanleycaris hirpex n. gen., n. sp., and suggests restrictive paleoenvironmental conditions. The study implies that similar assemblages may be common in the regionally widespread 'thin' Stephen Formation.

A new cavernicolous Parobisium Chamberlin 1930 (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Yosemite National Park, U.S.A

Yosemite National Park — 2010 — WHE0309AFED55

Scientists have identified a new species of troglobiotic pseudoscorpion, Parobisium, within two granite talus caves in Yosemite Valley, marking only the second such discovery from North American granite talus caves. This blind species, distinguished by its anterior pair of pale eyespots lacking a tapetum, is common within its known habitat but has not been found elsewhere despite extensive surface and shallow cave searches. The study provides a taxonomic key for the genus in the U.S., highlighting the potential for further subterranean fauna discoveries in undersampled regions. The research underscores the biodiversity of Yosemite National Park's caves, suggesting that granite talus slopes may harbor unique and unexplored troglobiotic species.

A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2010 — WHE88A7F1B41F

A new early dinosaur species, Chromogisaurus novasi, has been discovered in the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina, challenging traditional views on dinosaur diversity and dominance. This find reveals that dinosaurs first appeared as a diverse group, though numerically minor, with their numerical rise over other tetrapods occurring diachronously after an initial phase of low abundance but high diversity. Phylogenetic analysis places Chromogisaurus at the base of Sauropodomorpha within the Guaibasauridae family, introducing it as the first member of this group and naming a new subfamily, Saturnaliinae, which includes Chromogisaurus and Saturnalia. The study also reclassifies Eoraptor as the sister-taxon to Neotheropoda and herrerasaurids as non-eusaurischian saurischians, providing significant insights into early dinosaur evolution.

A new fossil species of frog of the Australian limnodynastid genus Limnodynastes Fitzinger from the Oligocene Kangaroo Well Local Fauna of the Northern Territory and tabulation of ilial features of all extant and extinct species

Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte) — 2010 — WHEA0E677ADDA

A new species of frog, Limnodynastes waterhousae, has been identified from the Oligocene Kangaroo Well Local Fauna in the Northern Territory, Australia. This discovery adds to the understanding of ancient frog diversity and evolution in Australia. The research describes the proximal portions of a left and right ilium as key material for this new species, which shares similarities with L. antecessor from Riversleigh, Queensland. Additionally, the study provides a comprehensive tabulation of ilial features across all 30 extant and extinct Australian frog genera, offering valuable comparative data for future research.

A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2010 — WHE391703871D

A new herrerasaurid dinosaur, Sanjuansaurus gordilloi, has been identified from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation in northwestern Argentina. This discovery challenges previous assumptions about the diversification of saurischian dinosaurs, suggesting that they were already widely diversified by the late Carnian period rather than increasing in diversity across the Carnian-Norian boundary. The research involved a phylogenetic analysis that placed Sanjuansaurus within Herrerasauridae, at the base of Theropoda, alongside other known taxa such as Herrerasaurus and Staurikosaurus. The study highlights the significant paleontological importance of the Ischigualasto/Talampaya Natural Parks, contributing to our understanding of early dinosaur evolution in southwestern Pangea.

A new population of the Cone-billed Tanager Conothraupis mesoleuca, with information on the biology, behaviour and type locality of the species

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2010 — WHE7EBE05C3DA

Researchers have identified a new population of the Critically Endangered Cone-billed Tanager (Conothraupis mesoleuca) in Chapada dos Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil. This discovery, based on observations of at least 40 individuals, expands the known range of the species, which was previously thought to be limited to Emas National Park in Goiás. The study provides the first detailed information on the biology and behavior of this elusive bird, including descriptions of its habitat preferences—primarily flooded riverine areas—and the female's morphology. Historical records suggest that the type locality of the species may refer to the Juruena telegraph station, clarifying a long-standing ambiguity. This finding underscores the urgent need for further research on the species' biology and conservation status, given its restricted range and potential habitat availability in the upper Juruena basin.

A New Species of Freshwater Bopyrid, Probopyrus iriomotensis (Crustacea: Isopoda), Parasitizing Macrobrachium spp. (Crustacea: Decapoda), from Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, Southwestern Japan

Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, Northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island — 2010 — WHE638669040E

Scientists have discovered a new species of freshwater bopyrid isopod, Probopyrus iriomotensis, parasitizing palaemonid freshwater shrimps on Iriomote Island, Japan. This marks the first record of a Bopyridae species in a freshwater environment within Japan. The parasite primarily infects Macrobrachium shokitai but occasionally targets M.formosense. Distinguishing features include unique pleomere and pleotelson characteristics, body width, and body axis deflection. The study also clarifies the authorship date of Probopyrus marinus and questions the generic assignment of two marine species. This discovery contributes to our understanding of bopyrid diversity and host-parasite relationships in freshwater ecosystems.

A new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from Ischigualasto Provincial Park, San Juan, Argentina

Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks — 2010 — WHE02D4F47E12

Researchers have identified and described a new species of toad, Rhinella bernardoi, from the Ischigualasto Provincial Park in Argentina. This discovery adds to the granulosa group within the Rhinella genus, with distinct morphological features distinguishing it from related species such as R. bergi, R. fernandezae, and R. granulosa. The study also provides detailed osteological descriptions of the new species' skull and vertebral column, contributing valuable data on its geographic distribution and natural history. This finding expands our understanding of amphibian biodiversity in one of Argentina's UNESCO-listed parks.

A new species of suckermouth armored catfish, Pseudancistrus kwinti (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Coppename River drainage, Central Suriname Nature Reserve, Suriname

Central Suriname Nature Reserve — 2010 — WHE94869E6D10

Researchers have discovered a new species of suckermouth armored catfish, Pseudancistrus kwinti, in the Coppename River drainage within Suriname's Central Suriname Nature Reserve (CSNR). This unique species is distinguished by several key traits: the absence of dentary papillae, a complete mid-dorsal plate row, mottled or barred coloration, hypertrophied odontodes along the snout edge, and weakly evertible cheek plates. The discovery highlights the rich biodiversity of the CSNR, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its pristine environment. However, the region faces growing threats from mining, increased fishing pressure, and tourism, which could significantly alter this delicate ecosystem.

A new species of Taf al isc a Walker, 1869 from the Iguaçu National Park, Brazil (Grylloidea, Eneopteridae, Tafaliscinae)

Iguaçu National Park — 2010 — WHE4E3F07F10C

Researchers have identified and described a new species of crickets belonging to the genus Tafaliscus within the Iguaçu National Park, Brazil. This discovery expands the known biodiversity of the region, particularly for the subfamily Tafaliscinae (Grylloidea: Eneopteridae). The study employed morphological analysis, focusing on key taxonomic features such as body structure and acoustic organs to distinguish this species from its relatives. The findings contribute to the understanding of cricket diversity in UNESCO-listed Iguaçu National Park, highlighting the importance of systematic studies in biodiversity conservation.

A new species of Tafalisca Walker, 1869 from the Iguaçu National Park, Brazil (Grylloidea, Eneopteridae, Tafaliscinae)

Iguaçu National Park — 2010 — WHE72A7ACAEA2

Researchers have identified and described a new cricket species, Tafalisca paranaensis, from the Iguaçu National Park in southeastern Brazil. This discovery contributes to the understanding of biodiversity within UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The study involved a detailed comparison of the genitalia and external morphology of T. paranaensis with those of T. paulista, providing key insights into their taxonomic distinctions. The findings highlight the importance of morphological characteristics in species identification and shed light on the rich insect diversity of the region.

A new species of the genus Callobius (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from Yakushima Island, Japan

Yakushima — 2010 — WHEE2BCDA4357

Scientists have identified a new spider species, Callobius yakushimensis, endemic to Yakushima Island, Japan. This discovery is notable for two distinctive features: a unique elongated apophysis on the male palp and two lateral linguiform lobes in the epigynum. The study, published in Acta Arachnologica, relied on morphological analysis to characterize this species within the genus Callobius (family Amaurobiidae). Yakushima's biodiversity is further highlighted by this addition, contributing to our understanding of the island's unique ecosystems and its significance as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A new species ofButhusLeach, 1815 from Jordan

Wadi Rum Protected Area — 2010 — WHE0637835305

Researchers have identified two new species of scorpions within the genus Buthus from Jordan's Wadi Rum Protected Area. The study distinguishes Buthus amri by its smaller size, fewer pectinal teeth, unique chela finger granulation (9–10 rows), and dense setation on pedipalps, metasomal segments, and telson. Additionally, the subspecies Buthus occitanus mardochei var. israelis, previously recognized as a variant, is elevated to species status based on morphological and geographical criteria. The findings rely on detailed morphological analysis, contributing to the taxonomic understanding of scorpions in the Middle East.

A Note on Henry Timberlake's Route from Gaza to Beersheba to Hebron in 1601

Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town — 2010 — WHE07286D660F

Research challenges the long-held assumption that Bi'r al-Sab' was the biblical Beersheba, instead supporting Bayt Jibrīn as the correct identification. This finding allows for a more accurate reconstruction of Henry Timberlake's 1601 pilgrimage route from Gaza to Hebron. By analyzing historical accounts and social conditions of the time, the study argues that Timberlake's caravan likely took the less-traveled northern road rather than the better-known Roman Road to reach Hebron, providing new insights into early modern travel routes in the region.

A Pannonian auxiliary's epitaph from Roman Gordion

Gordion — 2010 — WHEABF8632F6D

A funerary stele discovered at Gordion, Turkey, provides the first concrete evidence of Roman military activity at the site, revealing the presence of a previously unattested auxiliary unit (cohors VII Breucorum c.R. equitata) in northern Galatia during Trajan's Parthian War (AD 114–117). The Latin epitaph on the monument sheds new light on military deployment in Rome's lightly-garrisoned provinces of Asia Minor, where little is known about auxiliary forces. Recent archaeological fieldwork at Gordion has contextualized the stele within a Roman settlement, while newly published epigraphical finds further link its presence to the war's activities.

A preliminary assessment of large mammal and bird use of different habitats in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2010 — WHEF7206CC79C

A preliminary assessment demonstrates that road-side observations can serve as a low-cost, effective method for monitoring habitat use by large mammals and birds. In Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a restricted bamboo zone covering only 0.3% of the park area showed significant nonrandom distributions of species in both space (P < 0.02) and time, with variations observed hourly (P < 0.040) and monthly (P < 0.0001). Francolins were more frequently recorded in visible bamboo zones (P = 0.002), while black-and-white colobus, L’Hoest’s monkey, and jackals favored nonbamboo forest (P ≤ 0.05). This study highlights the potential of road-based surveys for cost-efficient conservation assessments.

A Quest for Harmony: The Role of Music in Robert Owen's New Lanark Community

New Lanark — 2010 — WHE2810BA20D1

Robert Owen's New Lanark community, established in 1800, demonstrated the transformative power of music in fostering social harmony. This study reveals that lavishly funded musical activities were integral to Owen's educational curriculum and community life, binding people from diverse backgrounds together. The research draws on travel journals and letters, including previously unpublished sources, to provide fascinating insights into the daily lives of New Lanark residents. Owen's innovative approach, which combined improved living conditions, education, and medical care with music, offers a unique model for understanding how cultural elements can contribute to societal transformation.

A Quest for Harmony: The Role of Music in Robert Owen’s New Lanark Community

New Lanark — 2010 — WHE4475B6F142

Robert Owen's New Lanark community, established in 1800, demonstrated the transformative potential of music as a unifying force. Through lavishly funded musical activities integrated into education and daily life, Owen aimed to foster harmony among diverse backgrounds, reflecting his broader vision for societal reform. The study reveals that music played a pivotal role in shaping community cohesion, supported by historical accounts from visitors' journals and letters, some previously unpublished. This innovative approach underscores the power of artistic expression in creating progressive social environments.

A record of ancient cataclysm in modern sand: Shock microstructures in detrital minerals from the Vaal River, Vredefort Dome, South Africa

Vredefort Dome — 2010 — WHE544920543B

Modern sediments from the Vaal River, South Africa, preserve shocked minerals up to 2 billion years after the impact event at the Vredefort Dome, revealing a new geological repository for ancient impact evidence. Detrital quartz, zircon, and monazite exhibit distinct shock microstructures, including planar fractures and Brazil twins, some of which may represent newly identified features. These findings demonstrate that shocked minerals can survive erosion and sedimentary transport, providing a means to identify distal ejecta from eroded impact structures. This discovery is particularly significant for studying early Earth impacts, where direct evidence is often obscured or buried.

A remarkable new cave scorpion of the family Pseudochactidae Gromov (Chelicerata, Scorpiones) from Vietnam

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2010 — WHEE19A6CBDDB

Researchers have identified the first troglobiotic (cave-adapted) scorpion species from the family Pseudochactidae, representing a significant discovery for both taxonomists and conservationists. This new genus and species were uncovered in Tien Son cave within Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam, marking the third known record of Pseudochactidae globally and the first from Vietnam. The study, based on four specimens, highlights the unique adaptations of this scorpion to subterranean environments, contributing valuable insights into the biodiversity of UNESCO-listed caves.

A Review of François' Leaf MonkeyTrachypithecus francoisi(sensu lato) in Lao PDR

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2010 — WHE553EEEC3D5

A previously overlooked population of François' leaf monkey, Trachypithecus francoisi (sensu lato), was identified as endemic to Lao PDR, specifically the taxon laotum. This discovery, made in 1920, remained largely unrecognized for seven decades until wildlife surveys in the 1990s revealed substantial populations within Phou Hinpoun and Hin Namno National Protected Areas (NPAs). The study also documented smaller, localized populations in Nakai—Nam Theun NPA and Muang Vilabouli, with potential taxonomic significance. While healthy populations persist in large karst landscapes, those in smaller or non-calcareous areas face high vulnerability to hunting-induced extinction. The research highlights critical knowledge gaps regarding the species' distribution, taxonomy, and threats, emphasizing the urgent need for further surveys, particularly in northern regions where conservation pressures are greatest.

A Revised Reading of a Nabataean Inscription from Umm Al-Jimal

Umm Al-Jimāl — 2010 — WHE3C63BD4CA7

A revised interpretation of a Nabataean inscription from Umm Al-Jimāl challenges previous readings, offering new insights into the language and culture of the ancient Nabataeans. The study focuses on line two of an inscription analyzed by S. Said and M. al-Hamad (2003), proposing alternative translations that refine understanding of the text's historical context. By employing epigraphic analysis and comparative linguistic methods, the authors demonstrate how re-evaluating ambiguous or poorly preserved inscriptions can yield significant advancements in deciphering Nabataean script and semantics. This work contributes to ongoing efforts to reconstruct the epigraphic corpus of Umm Al-Jimāl, a UNESCO World Heritage Site renowned for its Nabataean heritage.

A revision and redescription of the rock gecko Cnemaspis siamensis (Taylor 1925) (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Thailand with descriptions of seven new species

Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex — 2010 — WHE97C4D50F68

A taxonomic revision of the rock gecko Cnemaspis siamensis from Peninsular Thailand revealed it to be a complex of four species, including three newly described: C. chanardi, C. vandeventeri, and C. kamolnorranathi. These species are distinguished by unique combinations of morphological traits such as precloacal pores, dark gular markings, flank bars, and prescapular crescents. Additionally, four more new species—C. huaseesom, C. punctatonuchalis, C. narathiwatensis, and C. niyomwanae—were identified based on color patterns and squamation. This study nearly triples the known diversity of Cnemaspis in Thailand, from five to twelve species, highlighting the significance of targeted collecting efforts and thorough taxonomic analysis in uncovering hidden biodiversity.

A round peg in a square hole?: the Sikkatu in Old Babylonian Susa

Susa — 2010 — WHEC9A815F148

A unique legal practice involving the symbolic driving of wooden pegs, known as sikkatu, into real estate was identified in Old Babylonian contracts from Susa. Unlike other Mesopotamian uses where such pegs marked public ownership, these were employed hypothecary pledges to secure loans or sales, ensuring reimbursement if a third party claimed the property. The study reveals that while the physical presence of the peg was not crucial, its symbolic act—recorded in contracts—was pivotal for legal permanence. This finding sheds light on ancient financial and property transaction mechanisms, with some texts detailing pledge transmission upon forfeiture.

A sedimentary record of environmental change at Tsodilo Hills White Paintings Rock Shelter, Northwest Kalahari Desert, Botswana

Tsodilo — 2010 — WHE1027894CD2

New optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating clarifies the chronology of White Paintings Rock Shelter in Tsodilo Hills, Botswana, resolving long-standing ambiguities in the site's archaeological and sedimentary record. The study reveals distinct environmental shifts over the past 100–120 thousand years, providing critical insights into palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Kalahari Desert. By analyzing physical and chemical properties of sediments alongside refined dating, researchers reconstruct site formation processes and trace temporal changes in local climate and human activity. This work enhances understanding of early freshwater fishing, ornament production, and other cultural practices in Southern Africa.

A structural study of western Anticosti Island, St. Lawrence platform, Quebec: a fracture analysis that integrates surface and subsurface structural data

Anticosti — 2010 — WHE6F934C88EF

A structural analysis of western Anticosti Island, Quebec, reveals that fracture systems and faults in the region are influenced by multiple tectonic events, including Taconian, Acadian, Jurassic, and Quaternary deformations. The study identifies four primary fracture sets—two orthogonal (NS-EW) potentially linked to Early Acadian extensional stresses, and two others (N40–70° and N135–165°) possibly formed during the Middle Devonian Acadian orogeny or later Jurassic tectonics. Irregular fractures may result from post-glacial isostatic rebound. The research integrates field data, remote sensing, and seismic reflection to assess how these structures influenced petroleum migration on the Anticosti Platform, suggesting that Taconian and Early Acadian faults played a significant role in reservoir development.

A Study of the Architectonic Development of the Great Funerary Tumuli in the Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri

Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia — 2010 — WHED1A18BDB5C

Research reveals that the Great Funerary Tumuli in the Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri underwent significant architectonic development, marked by evolving structural and decorative elements. The study identifies a progression from simpler, more utilitarian designs to complex, multi-chambered tombs adorned with intricate reliefs and paintings, reflecting both functional and symbolic advancements. Analyzing architectural features such as chamber layouts, entryways, and decorative motifs, the research traces these changes over time, providing insights into Etruscan burial practices and cultural evolution. Published in 2010, this work contributes to our understanding of Etruscan funerary architecture by highlighting its dynamic nature and regional variations.

A Study on Cultural and Environmental Basics at Formal Elements of Persian Gardens (before & after Islam)

The Persian Garden — 2010 — WHEE715CA3A8D

Persian gardens, both pre-Islamic and Islamic, embody enduring cultural and environmental principles that have remained consistent despite historical changes. The study identifies these core elements—rooted in ancient Iranian culture and beliefs—as foundational to garden design, maintaining their significance through material and structural evolution. By analyzing cultural-environmental criteria unique to Iran, the research reveals how Persian gardens represent an idealized perfection of architectural principles, blending tradition with innovation. This approach underscores the resilience of these principles, offering insights for architects and historians alike.

A Study on the Farmland Conservation in Gokayama Ainokura Village

Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama — 2010 — WHE5C8BE1520F

Research on farmland conservation in Gokayama Ainokura Village, Japanreveals a critical gap between historical land use, current agricultural practices, and future conservation goals. The study highlights financial challenges in sustaining existing conservation projects while emphasizing the need for role-sharing among stakeholders, greater awareness of historic land use as cultural heritage, and zoning strategies such as core conservation areas to balance preservation with natural reversion. By analyzing transitions in land use and project feasibility, the research provides actionable recommendations for long-term farmland conservation in this culturally significant region.

A Study on the Musical Changes of Takjeong, Seonwi, Sinjeong, Jeongse in Jongmyo Jeryeak

Jongmyo Shrine — 2010 — WHE45FD74B939

This study reveals that the traditional musical compositions Takjeong, Seonwi, Sinjeong, and Jeongse, performed at Jongmyo Shrine, underwent significant rhythmic changes in the early 20th century. The research reconstructs their original forms using historical rhythm notations (jeongganbo) from different eras, interpreting them to uncover their evolutionary process. Unlike previous methods that treated jeongganbo as a single unit per beat, this study identifies the fundamental pulse by analyzing the relationship between rhythm and musical notes, particularly focusing on the janggo (drum) beats. The findings show that Takjeong's original rhythm was 2/4 time, which expanded to 8/4 in Seonwi, while Sinjeong and Jeongse retained a 4/4 structure. The study also highlights how later versions of these compositions, recorded in the Iwangjeogahakbo, deviated significantly from their lyrical context, contrasting with earlier versions that remained consistent.

A Study on the Origins of Class Room and Playground

New Lanark — 2010 — WHE655DA5240C

A groundbreaking study traces the origins of the classroom and playground to Robert Owen's New Institution for the Formation of Character, established in 1816 at New Lanark, Scotland. The research reveals that the concept of simultaneous education, later formalized in lectures within the institution, was influenced by Scottish universities' lecture methods, which aimed to produce skilled professionals in business and science. This connection extends the lineage of the classroom back to university lecture rooms, providing a historical framework for understanding the evolution of educational spaces in elementary schools across the UK.

A Study on Visitors' Cognition and Expectation to Provided Information, and Factors Affecting their Attitude in Shiretoko National Park

Shiretoko — 2010 — WHE81E6638571

A significant portion of visitors to Shiretoko National Park, around 30%, only became aware of enforced traffic controls upon arrival, highlighting gaps in pre-visit information dissemination. The study reveals that visitors often lack understanding of critical safety and environmental risk management information, particularly regarding visitor behavior for environmental conservation. Key expectations for both prior and on-site information focused on weather forecasts, brown bear encounters, and traffic control—factors that significantly influence visitor activity and destination choices. Visitors' prior experience in Shiretoko, transportation type, and dwelling location influenced their access to information and cognitive levels. Prior experience also shaped their expectations regarding the content of provided information. The research underscores the need for a well-designed, stage-specific system to deliver environment-friendly information effectively, from planning to arrival.

A tale of three villages: choosing an effective method for assessing poaching levels in western Serengeti, Tanzania

Serengeti National Park — 2010 — WHE3E701BCDA6

Poaching for bushmeat poses a significant threat to wildlife conservation, particularly in the Serengeti ecosystem. A study comparing three methods—self-reported poaching activities, dietary recall of bushmeat consumption, and arrest records from anti-poaching patrols—revealed that dietary recall and arrest records provided consistent estimates of poaching levels across three villages bordering Serengeti National Park, unlike self-reporting, which yielded significantly different results. This suggests that combining dietary recall data with arrest records offers a more reliable approach to assessing poaching activity when anti-poaching unit data is unreliable or unavailable.

A third new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Truong Son Range, Vietnam

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park — 2010 — WHEE508E6F066

Researchers have identified a third new species of bent-toed gecko, Cyrtodactylus roesleri, within Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, Vietnam. This discovery highlights the remarkable biodiversity of the park's karst forests, where 15 new reptilian taxa have been described in the past decade alone. C. roesleri is distinguished by its small size (up to 75.3 mm), distinctive dorsal pattern featuring dark transverse bands, and unique morphological traits such as enlarged subcaudal scales and a continuous series of precloacal and femoral pores in males. The study underscores the sympatric occurrence of three Cyrtodactylus species in the region, contributing to Vietnam's rich herpetological diversity with this being the 19th known species of the genus. The findings were derived from morphological analysis, emphasizing the need for continued exploration and conservation efforts in these ecologically significant areas.

A Unique Sphinx Of Amenhotep II

Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region — 2010 — WHE55B33C8CB1

Archaeological research at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gebel Barkal and the Napatan Region has uncovered a unique sphinx of Amenhotep II, distinct from other Egyptian statues found in the area. Unlike many monuments that appear to have been transported from elsewhere in Nubia, this sphinx may have been specifically designed for the temple complex at Gebel Barkal. Notably, there is no evidence of a companion piece depicting the king's dominance over northern foes, suggesting it stood alone as a symbol of Egypt's control over its southern boundary. The study highlights the significance of this sphinx within the broader context of Egyptian thematic programs and its potential role in reinforcing Egypt's geopolitical influence during Amenhotep II's reign.

A Visual Documentation of Fil-Hispanic Churches

Baroque Churches of the Philippines — 2010 — WHE0023D7BDB7

Fil-Hispanic churches in the Philippines exhibit unique artistic characteristics, such as low, squat proportions and 'earthquake baroque' architecture, reflecting the adaptation of introduced motifs to local contexts. A recent study aims to deepen understanding of this heritage by analyzing how Filipino cultures responded to artistic and social factors over time. The research leverages a vast collection of photographs from the Archives of the University of Santo Tomas, sourced through collaboration between the National Committee of Monuments and Sites (NCMS) and the Permanent Committee for Cultural Heritage of the Church. This visual documentation serves as a critical step toward 'owning' this cultural heritage, though further exploration is needed to fully grasp its spiritual and artistic implications.

Abbildungsverzeichnis

Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — 2010 — WHE1B9F70D7BB

A comprehensive analysis of the Byzantine monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas, and Nea Moni of Chios reveals significant insights into their historical, architectural, and cultural significance. The study explores the evolution of Byzantine art, architecture, and literary traditions through multiple lenses, including the dating of monastic texts, the interpretation of sacred spaces, and the analysis of epigraphic evidence. It also examines the political and social dynamics of late Byzantium, such as the division of booty and the role of emperors in monastic patronage. The research employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating historical documentation, literary analysis, and architectural studies to uncover the complexities of these UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Abitare il paesaggio. Lavorare nel paesaggio. Il caso di Langhe e Roero

Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato — 2010 — WHE28A0DF6257

A balanced approach to landscape management is essential for the sustainable development of Piedmont's Langhe-Roero wine regions. The study highlights that the area's reputation for wine excellence and tourism growth must be guided by shared visions to maintain ecological balance and aesthetic quality. It emphasizes the need for collaborative governance involving local authorities, stakeholders, and policymakers to ensure development aligns with landscape preservation. This approach aims to harmonize economic progress with environmental stewardship, offering a model for similar heritage sites facing similar challenges.

Aboriginal rock art depictions of fauna: What can they tell us about the natural history of the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area?

Greater Blue Mountains Area — 2010 — WHEB30A94103F

Aboriginal rock art in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (GBMWHA) provides valuable insights into the natural history of the region, particularly regarding mammal distributions. Research since 2001 has uncovered numerous previously unknown rock art sites, especially in Wollemi National Park, which depict a variety of animals. By integrating archaeological studies, contemporary Aboriginal knowledge, and natural history data, this study reveals patterns of past and present mammal distributions while addressing the challenges of reconciling different databases and knowledge systems over time. The findings highlight the potential for such interdisciplinary approaches to deepen our understanding of ecological changes. Additionally, the research underscores threats to both cultural and natural heritage, particularly from altered fire regimes and climate change, which pose risks to both mammals and rock art sites.

Accumulation rates of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in petrel colony soil: Adams Island, New Zealand subantarctic

New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands — 2010 — WHE074644A3C8

Research on Adams Island, part of the New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, reveals that petrel colony soils exhibit extremely low retention rates for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Accumulation rates, calculated using radiocarbon dating across multiple soil profiles, show that while these rates are approximately double those previously reported from Taukihepa/Big South Cape, the proportion of nutrients retained remains minimal. The study, which excavated four soil profiles 50 meters apart and analyzed elemental inventories, found consistent accumulation rates despite varying depth intervals. These findings suggest that the colder climate and lower leaf litter quality on Adams Island may contribute to higher nutrient dispersion compared to other subantarctic regions.

Actual and Inferred Checklist of the Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, with Attendant Ant and Host Plant Associations

Great Smoky Mountains National Park — 2010 — WHEE763F18186

A comprehensive survey of aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park identified 121 actual species, with statistical estimates suggesting a total of 201–214 species may inhabit the region. The study, conducted between 2003 and 2006 as part of the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory, also documented attendant ants and host plants for each aphid species. By cross-referencing park plant records with a North American aphid catalog, researchers inferred an additional 85 species likely present in the park, bringing the total to 206. This work provides a foundational checklist for understanding aphid biodiversity in this UNESCO World Heritage Site and its ecological interactions.

Acute and Chronic Intakes of Fallout Radionuclides by Marshallese from Nuclear Weapons Testing at Bikini and Enewetak and Related Internal Radiation Doses

Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site — 2010 — WHE597464C1E3

A comprehensive assessment of internal radiation doses from nuclear fallout reveals that Marshallese residents, particularly those on Rongelap Island, experienced significantly higher thyroid radiation exposure compared to other atolls. The study estimates acute and chronic intakes of 63 radionuclides from Bikini and Enewetak tests (1946–1958) using historical bioassay data and fallout models, with adult thyroid doses reaching up to 7,600 mGy on Rongelap—far exceeding levels in populated atolls like Kwajalein and Majuro. The research tailors dose conversion coefficients for particulate fallout intake, providing the most complete radionuclide exposure estimates for the Marshall Islands, which were later used to project lifetime cancer risks.

Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef: A globally significant demonstration of the benefits of networks of marine reserves

Great Barrier Reef — 2010 — WHE2EFDE6C6D3

Large-scale networks of marine reserves significantly enhance the resilience and biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), demonstrating their critical role in adaptive management. A comprehensive review reveals that no-take zones benefit targeted fish species, sharks, coral abundance, and ecosystem health by reducing crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks. While mobile species like sharks show lesser benefits compared to site-attached fish, reserves also contribute to fisheries sustainability and tourism value protection. Spatial analyses confirm the effectiveness of best-practice conservation principles even in data-poor situations. Economic evaluations suggest net benefits from expanded marine reserve networks, with protection costs being minimal relative to reef tourism revenue. The implementation of an Outlook Report provides a framework for regular environmental assessment and policy adaptation, offering a cost-effective strategy to mitigate climate change impacts on the GBR.

African Palaeoenvironments and Geomorphic Landscape Evolution

Tsodilo — 2010 — WHEE81A0723A8

A comprehensive analysis of African palaeoenvironments and geomorphic landscape evolution reveals significant insights into the region's environmental changes since the last glacial maximum (LGM). The study, featuring contributions from multiple experts, employs a range of methods including geomorphic process interpretation, land management evaluation, climate reconstructions based on fluvial deposits, sedimentary records, and phytolith analysis. It highlights the complex interplay between climate, hydrology, and human activity in shaping landscapes across diverse regions such as the Geba Basin in Ethiopia, the Namib Desert, Tsodilo Hills in Botswana, and Southern Cameroon. The research underscores the importance of integrating multi-disciplinary approaches to understand past environmental conditions and their implications for present-day landscapes.

African weakly electric fishes of the genus Petrocephalus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) of Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo (Lékoli River, Congo River basin) with description of five new species

Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua — 2010 — WHE9DE05D33D6

Researchers have identified eleven distinct species of weakly electric fishes (Petrocephalus) within Odzala National Park, Republic of the Congo, including five previously undescribed species. These findings were based on morphological and electric signal characteristics, along with genetic evidence from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene analysis, which confirmed reproductive isolation among the species. Notably, Petrocephalus guttatus was reclassified to the genus Pollimyrus. The study provides a dichotomous key for distinguishing these species, contributing significantly to our understanding of biodiversity in the Lékoli River drainage and the Congo River basin.

Age and Growth ofAcrossocheilus fasciatus(Barbinae, Cyprinidae) from the Puxi Stream in the Huangshan Mountain, China

Mount Huangshan — 2010 — WHEB988AC0B14

Research on the age and growth of Acrossocheilus fasciatus, a fish species found in the Puxi Stream of Huangshan Mountain, China, reveals distinct growth patterns between sexes. While both females and males exhibit four age groups, annulus formation varies seasonally, occurring from March to April for the first ring and August to September for subsequent rings. Significant differences were observed in length-weight relationships but not in length-scale radius relationships. Back-calculated total lengths increased significantly with age for both sexes, suggesting potential size homomorphism. Growth curves indicated no inflection point in total length but revealed inflection points in total weight at 6.8 years for females and 5.2 years for males. The study provides valuable insights into the growth dynamics of this species, which could inform conservation efforts in the UNESCO-listed Huangshan site.