World Heritage Research: Browse Publications: Page 602

Review: Bauhaus 1919–1933: Workshops for Modernity

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2010 — WHE8E42C5FFF7

A comprehensive review of Bauhaus's impact and legacy, highlighting its role as a seminal institution in modern art, architecture, and design. The study examines the global significance of Bauhaus through multiple exhibitions held in 2009, marking the 90th anniversary of its founding. These exhibitions, particularly those in Germany, focused on individual teachers and students, such as Lyonel Feininger and László Moholy-Nagy, while also addressing controversies surrounding the Weimar Bauhaus and its resistance to Hitler's government. The review emphasizes Bauhaus's enduring influence on modernity and its preservation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcasing restored buildings in Dessau and other locations.

Review: Impossible Engineering: Technology and Territoriality on the Canal du Midi

Canal du Midi — 2010 — WHE2F99DC6417

Chandra Mukerji's 'Impossible Engineering: Technology and Territoriality on the Canal du Midi' reveals how 17th-century France's ambitious canal project, the Canal du Midi, exemplifies the intersection of technological innovation and socio-political transformation. The study demonstrates that this engineering marvel was not merely a feat of technical prowess but also a tool for consolidating territorial control and fostering economic development in southern France. Mukerji employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating historical analysis with sociological insights to explore how the canal's construction challenged traditional notions of space, labor, and governance. By examining the project's social and cultural impacts alongside its technical achievements, the book offers a nuanced understanding of how large-scale infrastructure projects shape societies. This work is a significant contribution to the study of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, illustrating the enduring legacy of such sites as both symbols of human ingenuity and agents of change.

Review: Raum der Gegenwart (Room of Our Time) , by Schirn Kunsthalle

Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau — 2010 — WHE3AF4DD7524

A groundbreaking exhibition, 'Raum der Gegenwart (Room of Our Time),' explored the enduring influence and relevance of Bauhaus movement's architectural and artistic innovations. The exhibit, showcased across multiple venues including Schirn Kunsthalle in Frankfurt, featured dynamic displays that integrated Bauhaus design elements with avant-garde films and interactive installations. Key highlights included Walter Gropius’s Dessau Bauhaus building glass corner and Moholy-Nagy’s film manuscript 'Dynamik der Großstadt,' illustrating the movement's fusion of art, architecture, and technology. The exhibition aimed to demonstrate how Bauhaus principles continue to shape contemporary design and spatial experiences.

Review: Sir John Vanbrugh: Storyteller in Stone, by Vaughan Hart

Blenheim Palace — 2010 — WHEAB7275AAE5

Sir John Vanbrugh, renowned architect of Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard, is often mythologized as an amateur architect whose genius flourished without formal education. Vaughan Hart's book challenges this narrative by examining the interrelationship between Vanbrugh's architectural works and his broader contributions to late Stuart and early Georgian literary culture, including his plays. Hart argues that Vanbrugh's architecture should be understood in the context of his diverse interests, debunking the notion that his lack of formal training was a defining limitation. The book employs comparative analysis, contrasting Vanbrugh with other prominent architects like Christopher Wren to re-evaluate his legacy and its significance within architectural history.

Revisiting Great Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe National Monument — 2010 — WHE595BCA983A

A revised interpretation of Great Zimbabwe challenges the notion that its major stonewalled structures were successive royal palaces, as proposed by Chirikure and Pikirayi (2008). Huffman (2010) argues against this 19th-century political succession model, citing older historical data and evidence from other Zimbabwean settlements. The study critiques the new interpretation while awaiting a potential rebuttal from Chirikure and Pikirayi in Azania. By synthesizing archaeological and historical records, Huffman advocates for a more nuanced understanding of Great Zimbabwe's architectural and societal significance, emphasizing continuity over succession.

Rhinodorylaimus kazirangus gen. n., sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae) from Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India

Kaziranga National Park — 2010 — WHE4D7C4C564F

Scientists have identified and described a new genus and species of nematode, Rhinodorylaimus kazirangus, from Kaziranga National Park in Assam, India. This discovery is notable for its distinct morphological features, including a truncate lip region, a massive odontostyle with a furcate base, and sexual dimorphism in tail shape—long filiform in females and short conoid in males. The new genus differs significantly from the similar Pachydorylaimus in several key aspects, such as the nature of its odontophore, pharyngeal gland nuclei arrangement, and the number of ventromedian supplements. The study employed detailed morphological analysis to characterize these unique traits, contributing valuable insights into nematode biodiversity within this UNESCO-listed site.

Risk assessment of birds foraging terrestrially at Marion and Gough Islands to primary and secondary poisoning by rodenticides

Gough and Inaccessible Islands — 2010 — WHEFC4FA3D9D2

A risk assessment of terrestrial-foraging birds to rodenticide poisoning at Marion and Gough Islands reveals that while some species, such as lesser sheathbills and Gough moorhens, show potential susceptibility to both primary and secondary poisoning, others like sub-Antarctic skuas are less likely to be affected during winter baiting operations. The study found that captive birds exhibited minimal consumption of non-toxic bait pellets, but field observations showed that Gough moorhens did consume them. Sheathbills and moorhens also consumed mouse carcasses, whereas Gough buntings showed little interest in such prey. The research suggests that precautionary measures, including temporary captivity of vulnerable species during poisoning exercises, are necessary to mitigate risks, despite the limitations posed by cage effects on behavioral observations.

River reversals into karst springs: A model for cave enlargement in eogenetic karst aquifers

Evaporitic Karst and Caves of Northern Apennines — 2010 — WHE7A73320681

A new model for cave enlargement in eogenetic karst aquifers is proposed, linking river reversals into karst springs to significant geological processes. The study highlights that Jurassic rifting in the Southern Alps and Northern Apennines occurred rapidly (2-4 million years) during the late Hettangian to early Sinemurian period, followed by stable post-rift sedimentation. Key differences in extensional tectonic styles between the Northern Apennines and Southern Alps are attributed to contrasting rheologies influenced by thick evaporite layers (up to 2 km) underlying thin carbonate platforms (up to 1.3 km). The Northern Apennines exhibit diffuse, shallow thin-skinned stretching, while the Southern Alps show thicker, deeper crustal deformation with larger fault spacing. This research provides insights into the structural and stratigraphic controls on karst development in evaporitic environments.

Rural tourism as a factor of sustainable development: a case study of Sukur World Heritage Site in Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria

Sukur Cultural Landscape — 2010 — WHE882C1ADA09

Rural tourism can serve as a significant driver for sustainable development, particularly in regions with rich cultural landscapes. A case study of the Sukur Cultural Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Adamawa State, Northeastern Nigeria, demonstrates this potential. The research highlights that community participation and environmental protection are central to leveraging tourism for sustainable growth. It outlines strategies for developing the site while mitigating risks associated with such endeavors. These strategies aim to balance economic benefits with conservation efforts, ensuring long-term sustainability.

Ruth Belville: The Greenwich Time Lady (review)

Maritime Greenwich — 2010 — WHEDDF53292EB

A century-long time service at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, demonstrated that traditional mechanical methods could outperform early electrical synchronization technologies. The Belville family's practice of delivering a precision pocket chronometer ('Arnold') to subscribers in London remained accurate and authoritative even after the advent of electric clocks. This challenges the assumption that technological progress inevitably renders older systems obsolete. The study, based on historical records and business practices, highlights the resilience of established methods when they continue to meet precise needs, particularly for trades requiring exact time settings.

Rythmes et modalités d'approvisionnement en silex blond bédoulien dans le Chasséen du bassin de l'Aude : le cas d’Auriac, Carcassonne (Aude)

Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne — 2010 — WHE248F570212

Auriac, a fortified site within the UNESCO-listed Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne, stands out for its significant and consistent use of Bédoulien blond flint sourced from Vaucluse during the Chasséen period. Unlike surrounding sites, Auriac's lithic industry is almost entirely composed of this imported material, primarily in the form of pre-shaped, heated nuclei and rare unheated blades, with the majority being lamellae production tools. This suggests a specialized role for Auriac as a central hub for importing and redistributing flint, supported by comparisons with other contemporary sites in the region. While neighboring settlements also engaged in lamellae production using imported nuclei, their reliance on Bédoulien flint was notably lower. The study, based on analyses of multiple lithic assemblages from Auriac's sectors, reveals distinct patterns of flint exploitation and utilization, with fortified areas showing stronger evidence of on-site lamellae production. Meanwhile, sites like Font-Juvénal, primarily used for caprine breeding, exhibited a higher proportion of unheated blades, hinting at separate distribution networks for heated nuclei and unheated blades.

Sacerdos intrauit sub iugum. Étude sur le rituel dans le culte de Saturne en Afrique romaine

Archaeological Site of Carthage — 2010 — WHE67CB426DD8

A re-evaluation of the epigraphic formula 'sacerdos intrauit sub iugum' on stellae from Carthage's hinterland reveals that it signifies a precise legal votive relationship, not a rite of submission. Contrary to prior assumptions, the formula does not indicate initiation into Saturnian mysteries but rather marks the binding promise made by priests upon the deity's agreement. This insight challenges the notion that these rituals were rooted in Punic tradition, instead highlighting their distinct Roman and African characteristics.

Sally Hemings, Founding Mother

Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville — 2010 — WHEB9CFA7DE82

Genetic evidence confirming Thomas Jefferson's paternity of Sally Hemings' son Eston reshaped scholarly discourse on American history, challenging long-held narratives about race and nationhood. While the Thomas Jefferson Foundation acknowledged Jefferson's relationship with Hemings in 2000, dissenting voices resisted this conclusion, citing political correctness over historical accuracy. Clarence E. Walker's Mongrel Nation argues that Jefferson and Hemings should be recognized as America's founding parents, centering interracial relationships and slavery in the nation's origins. The book critiques the 'hegemony of whiteness' in historical narratives, positioning Jefferson's actions within a broader transnational context of colonial settler societies.

Sand Flies of the Endemic Areas of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity — 2010 — WHE89C24453DE

Research identifies Nyssomyia intermedia and Migonemyia migonei as likely vectors of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study analyzed 3,831 sand fly specimens collected from seven endemic localities, revealing these two species as predominant, with peak densities occurring between 18–20 h and 01–02 h. This finding is significant for a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its tourism, where ACL incidence averages 43.2 cases annually since 1985. The study aims to provide critical data for preventing ACL transmission in high-risk areas.

Satisfaction-non-based Factors in Repeat Demand for Tourism and Its Strategic Implications A Case Sutudy in Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine

Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape — 2010 — WHE6EF1199C15

Research on Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine reveals that repeat tourism demand is significantly influenced by non-satisfaction-based factors, such as anticipation and evolving preferences. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about visitor loyalty and highlight the importance of dynamic experiences in sustaining repeat visits. The study employed quantitative analysis to validate these factors' significance and proposed strategic implications for tourism management, emphasizing the need to incorporate non-satisfaction elements into long-term planning.

Scenarios for Community-based Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation: a case study from the Wet Tropics, Queensland, Australia

Wet Tropics of Queensland — 2010 — WHE8D0B2FADBD

A study on the Wet Tropics of Queensland demonstrates that scenario-based approaches can effectively bridge the gap between biodiversity science and conservation projects, fostering community support for conservation efforts. The research, conducted at Mission Beach, highlights that scenarios addressing contested interests and uncertainty were successful in creating a cohesive vision for biodiversity conservation, primarily due to their focus on threats, integration of biodiversity science, and simplicity in presentation. These findings suggest that scenarios hold significant potential as tools to overcome the persistent implementation gap in biodiversity conservation.

Sea urchins, macroalgae and coral reef decline: a functional evaluation of an intact reef system, Ningaloo, Western Australia

Ningaloo Coast — 2010 — WHE8228CA451F

Despite being one of the world's most intact coral reef ecosystems, Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia exhibits unexpectedly high abundances of macroalgae and sea urchins. This challenges conventional indicators of reef decline, as extensive macroalgal beds and dense sea urchin populations were observed on the reef slope, where grazing rates by fish were also exceptionally high—completely scraping the substrate every 43 to 59 days. The study, led by Johansson et al., used functional evaluations to assess bio-indicators of reef health, revealing that echinoids significantly contributed to bioerosion on reef slopes, matching the impact of the most abundant parrotfish species. This finding underscores the need for caution when interpreting macroalgal and sea urchin densities as sole metrics for evaluating reef condition.

Seafloor mapping with MeRIS images in the lagoon of New Caledonia

Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems — 2010 — WHE37C1B44272

A novel method for seafloor mapping in the lagoon of New Caledonia has been successfully validated using MeRIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) images. The study demonstrates that light attenuation by water columns can be corrected to obtain absolute seabed reflectance and determine bathymetry through spectral band analysis. By comparing radiance from standard seabed features at varying depths and applying supervised classification, researchers accurately mapped the seafloor in the southwestern part of the lagoon. Validations with ground measurements confirmed the method's reliability, providing a critical tool for understanding reef diversity and associated ecosystems in this ecologically significant region.

Searching for a Balance Between Community Needs and Conservation Policies in Historic Neighbourhoods of Istanbul

Historic Areas of Istanbul — 2010 — WHE3EBC559337

Recent regeneration efforts in Istanbul's historic neighbourhoods, such as Fetter and Balat (F&B), struggle to balance community needs with conservation policies. This study reveals that while sustainability and community-focused approaches are gaining traction among policymakers, their integration into urban conservation strategies remains limited. By analyzing the regeneration story of F&B, the research identifies key strengths and weaknesses in current conservation-led initiatives, offering critical insights for future sustainable urban development in historic areas. The findings suggest that achieving equilibrium between community aspirations and built environment preservation is essential for equitable and sustainable solutions.

Seasonal contrasts in carbon resources and ecological processes on a tropical floodplain

Kakadu National Park — 2010 — WHE97DAED3217

Tropical floodplains, such as the Magela Creek floodplain within Kakadu National Park, exhibit highly productive ecosystems driven by seasonal rainfall and flooding. A review of decades of research reveals that macrophytes—grasses and aquatic plants—dominate above-ground biomass production, serving as critical food and habitat structures for various species like magpie geese. While macrophytes are not a primary carbon source for aquatic consumers, they play a pivotal role in shaping food webs and ecosystem function. The study constructs a conceptual model contrasting wet and dry seasons, highlighting the importance of understanding seasonal and spatial exchanges between floodplains and rivers to grasp broader ecological processes.

Seasonal dynamics of airborne fungi in different caves of the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, China

Mogao Caves — 2010 — WHE362CCEB57A

A study on the Mogao Caves reveals that visitor activity significantly influences airborne fungal concentrations and compositions. Researchers found higher levels of culturable fungi, particularly Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Aspergillus spp., in closed caves (CC) and outdoor areas (OD), with seasonal variations peaking in summer and autumn. Positive correlations were observed between fungal levels and temperature or visitor numbers, while negative correlations were noted with relative humidity and rainfall. This insight underscores the importance of considering human impact in conservation efforts for such heritage sites.

Seasonal effects and fine-scale population dynamics of Aedes taeniorhynchus, a major disease vector in the Galapagos Islands

Galápagos Islands — 2010 — WHEEB2F89172B

Research reveals that coastal and highland populations of the mosquito Aedes taeniorhynchus in the Galápagos Islands exhibit strong genetic differentiation year-round, with limited gene flow occurring only during periods of increased precipitation. This suggests that ecological differences between habitats drive adaptation and divergence, potentially leading to incipient speciation. Highland populations show signs of founder effects or reduced breeding sites, yet maintain genetic diversity over time, implying survival through dry periods as dormant eggs. Mosquito abundance in highlands is strongly linked to precipitation, while coastal populations are more influenced by tide height. These findings highlight potential differences in mosquito-borne disease dynamics between habitats and increased infection risk during wetter conditions.

Seasonal Variation of Fish Assemblages on Jangbong Tidal Flat, Incheon, Korea

Getbol, Korean Tidal Flats — 2010 — WHE2B43CB268A

Jangbong Tidal Flat, part of the UNESCO-listed Getbol Korean Tidal Flats, exhibits distinct seasonal variation in fish assemblages, driven primarily by water temperature fluctuations. Cold-water specialists like Acanthogobius hasta and Triaenopogon barbatus dominate during cooler months, while warm-water species such as Johnius grypotus and Sebastes schlegeli thrive in warmer periods. The study, conducted through monthly trawling from 1999 to 2001, identified 36 fish species with notable dominance shifts between cold- and warm-water groups. Cluster analysis and nMDS ordination revealed these seasonal trends, highlighting the ecological sensitivity of tidal flat ecosystems to environmental changes.

Sediment-transport during three controlled-flood experiments on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, with implications for eddy-sandbar deposition in Grand Canyon National Park

Grand Canyon National Park — 2010 — WHEF7EEA5F24F

Higher suspended-sand concentrations during controlled floods lead to greater eddy-sandbar deposition rates, but larger amounts of coarser sand on the riverbed can paradoxically reduce these rates. This counterintuitive finding emerges from three large-scale field experiments conducted in 1996, 2004, and 2008 on the Colorado River downstream from Glen Canyon Dam. The studies analyzed sediment transport and bed-sediment data to assess how controlled floods could sustainably rebuild eddy sandbars in Grand Canyon National Park when combined with tributary sand supply. While suspended-sand concentrations peaked during the 2008 experiment, this was likely due to increased bed sand in lower Glen Canyon rather than Grand Canyon. The research highlights the need to balance flood magnitude and grain size in future controlled floods to optimize sandbar deposition, though long-term sustainability remains uncertain.

Sedimentary architecture of the Loire River drowned valleys of the French Atlantic shelf

The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes — 2010 — WHEA5FAADA34E

A thick and complex Pleistocene coastal wedge, preserved in a fossil valley network offshore the Loire River estuary, has been identified through high-resolution seismic profiling. This system comprises three main valleys, 30 km long and 40–60 m deep, incised into Eocene sedimentary rocks lying unconformably on the South Armorican Massif basement. The coastal wedge is organized into six seismic units, representing a succession of colluvial, braided river, estuarine, fluvial, floodout marine sediments, and open marine bioturbated mudstones. These units are arranged in two depositional sequences bounded by a regional unconformity, with ages estimated to be Saalian (130–200 Ka) for the lower sequence and Weischelian (110–12 Ka) for the upper one, correlating with global sea-level changes. This study provides insights into the sedimentary architecture of drowned valleys on the French Atlantic shelf, linking offshore and onshore records to reconstruct past river incision and paleoenvironments.

Seed dispersal patterns in two closely related howler monkey species (Alouatta palliata and A. pigra): a preliminary report of differences in fruit consumption, traveling behavior, and associated dung beetle assemblages

Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque — 2010 — WHE5FF07189A1

A four-month comparative study of two howler monkey species, Alouatta palliata and A. pigra, in southern Mexico reveals significant differences in their roles as seed dispersers. Despite consuming similar quantities of seeds (approximately 13,000 each), the mantled howler monkey (A. palliata) dispersed fewer seed species (13 vs. 31) than the black howler monkey (A. pigra). The A. palliata group exhibited larger home ranges and day ranges, attracting more dung beetles, including a higher proportion of ball-rolling species, compared to the A. pigra group, which attracted predominantly burrowing dung beetles. These findings underscore the importance of considering foraging behavior, ranging patterns, and associated secondary dispersers when assessing primate seed dispersal dynamics in tropical rainforests.

Seismic properties of the supra‐subduction mantle: Constraints from peridotite xenoliths from the Avacha volcano, southern Kamchatka

Volcanoes of Kamchatka — 2010 — WHE7EC57A1002

Research reveals that the supra-subduction mantle beneath the Avacha volcano, southern Kamchatka, exhibits distinct seismic properties shaped by low-stress deformation and fluid-driven processes. The study identifies an axial [100] olivine crystal preferred orientation (CPO) in peridotite xenoliths, which implies fast S-wave polarization aligned with flow direction in the mantle wedge. Additionally, orthopyroxene enrichment due to reactive percolation of hydrous melts or fluids lowers the Vp/Vs ratio but does not fully account for the exceptionally low ratios (<1.7) observed in other subduction zones like Japan and the Andes. The findings suggest that intrinsic anisotropy within these peridotites may explain such low Vp/Vs ratios, offering new insights into the seismic behavior of supra-subduction mantle environments.

Selenium dynamics in Canadian Rocky Mountain lakes

Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks — 2010 — WHE3A080CA2BC

Selenium (Se) concentrations in lakes within Banff National Park and Kananaskis Country, Alberta, exceed toxic thresholds for birds and fish, posing risks to wildlife and human consumers. Sediment Se levels at certain depths surpass recognized limits for reproductive impairment, while water concentrations spike above USEPA guidelines during spring melt runoff. Aquatic invertebrates exhibit Se levels that could harm fish and bird predators, with all sampled fish species showing Se concentrations dangerous to avian consumers—most exceeding thresholds for negative impacts on wildlife and humans. Notably, Se in some fish species has risen significantly over the past 6–16 years, correlating with growth rate, age, weight, trophic position, and vegetation type. These findings underscore the need for consumption advisories in affected lakes and further investigation of Se levels across the region.

Serologic Survey for Selected Infectious Diseases in Free-Ranging Brazilian Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in the Cerrado of Central Brazil

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks — 2010 — WHE228DE95826

A serologic survey conducted between September 2000 and January 2002 in Emas National Park, central Brazil, revealed that free-ranging Brazilian tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) showed no evidence of infection with Leptospira spp., Brucella abortus, or equine infectious anemia. However, one out of ten tapirs tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii, marking the first detection of this pathogen in a wild tapir population in central Brazil. The study involved immobilizing and sampling blood from ten individuals as part of an ecological research effort, providing baseline serological data for infectious diseases in this vulnerable species within the Cerrado biome.

Sewell, historia y cultura en un asentamiento humano organizacional

Sewell Mining Town — 2010 — WHE6A111F49DD

Sewell, a Chilean mining town, stands out for its unique organizational settlement and rich cultural heritage. This study highlights the significance of Sewell's history and intangible cultural assets as part of Chile's national heritage, aiming to strengthen its candidacy for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. The research employs a comprehensive approach to rescue and showcase the town's historical narrative, architectural patterns, and socio-cultural dynamics, emphasizing their universal value. By integrating archival analysis with ethnographic methods, the study underscores Sewell's role as a living testament to early 20th-century industrial society, blending labor history with urban planning innovations.

SGang Gwaay

SGang Gwaay — 2010 — WHE9E1D9EA23B

SGang Gwaay embodies the spiritual and cultural significance of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. The site reflects a deep connection between the Haida people and their ancestral lands, showcasing intricate totem poles, mortuary poles, and other artifacts that narrate their history and worldview. Wilson's work emphasizes the importance of integrating Indigenous perspectives into the interpretation and preservation of World Heritage Sites, highlighting how these sites serve as living repositories of spiritual and cultural knowledge. The research approach combines ethnographic study with archaeological analysis to uncover the layers of meaning embedded in SGang Gwaay, offering a model for understanding and respecting the spiritual dimensions of heritage conservation.

Shallow magma accumulation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, revealed by microgravity surveys

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park — 2010 — WHE372940CE85

A study using microgravity surveys at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, revealed significant shallow magma accumulation beneath the east margin of Halemaʻumaʻu Crater between 1975 and 2008. Surprisingly, this mass increase was not accompanied by sustained uplift, suggesting magma filled void spaces—likely a network of interconnected cracks formed during the 1975 M = 7.2 south flank earthquake. The research indicates that gravity data can track magma accumulation even without surface deformation, providing insights into volcanic recovery processes. A new eruptive vent in 2008 near the gravity residual maximum likely tapped this accumulated magma reservoir.

Shallow-marine records of pyroclastic surges and fallouts over water in Jeju Island, Korea, and their stratigraphic implications

Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes — 2010 — WHEC32A9B50EA

A unique shallow-marine volcaniclastic deposit on Jeju Island, Korea, reveals how pyroclastic surges and fallouts transported materials to the water surface before settling under tidal processes. This deposit, formed at an exceptionally high sedimentation rate—millions of times faster than adjacent strata—captures 'fair-weather' processes with unprecedented resolution. The study challenges conventional views by demonstrating that volcanic deposits, often seen as products of catastrophic events, can more faithfully record ordinary environmental conditions than nonvolcanic sediments. Researchers analyzed the deposit's characteristics, including mud flasers and drapes, to infer its rapid accumulation during tidal cycles.

Short report on the fauna of ant-lion and owl-fly (Neuroptera) from Socotra Archipelago

Socotra Archipelago — 2010 — WHE86BA9ED5DF

A 2010 study identified seven ant-lion and one owl-fly species on Socotra Island, with half being endemic. Two new taxa were described: Myrmeleon saldaitisi sp. n., compared to related species, and Myrmeleon hyalinus isolatus ssp. n., distinguished from other subspecies. The study also provided differential diagnoses for Centroclisis lineata and C. speciosa, while illustrating endemic ant-lions including Echthromyrmex insularis, C. lineata, and Neuroleon socotranus. This research contributes to the documentation of Socotra's unique Neuroptera fauna, highlighting its biodiversity significance.

Sighting of Tibetan Wolf Canis lupus chanko in the Greater Himalayan range of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India: a new record

Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks — 2010 — WHE98B4971072

Researchers document the first confirmed sighting of the Tibetan wolf (Canis lupus chanko) in the Greater Himalayan range within the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand, India. This discovery expands the known distribution of this species, previously thought to inhabit only Trans-Himalayan regions. The study suggests that these wolves may have migrated southwestward from alpine areas of Nanda Devi National Park, potentially following migratory livestock herds that graze in the Bedini-Ali region during summer. The finding highlights the ecological connectivity between high-altitude habitats and underscores the need for further research on wolf movement patterns in this UNESCO-listed landscape.

Sightline-based GIS model for building height control

Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa — 2010 — WHEC9C3D90A2F

A GIS-based model introduces view path and target path to dynamically calculate building height limits, addressing the limitations of traditional fixed viewpoint methods. This innovation generates sight surfaces and efficiently determines height constraints between paths, as demonstrated in Lhasa's urban design around Potala Palace. The approach enhances visual control by representing 3D block areas more accurately than 2D sections or multiple static viewpoints.

Siglenverzeichnis

Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios — 2010 — WHE45732B60F7

A comprehensive analysis of the Monasteries of Daphni, Hosios Loukas, and Nea Moni of Chios reveals significant insights into their historical, architectural, and cultural significance. The study explores the evolution of Byzantine structures, including the path of Constantinople's walls, dating techniques for monastic typikons, and the division of booty in late Byzantium (1204-1453). It also examines the influence of classical heritage on Byzantine oratorical rhythm and the relationship between sacred space models in Byzantine and medieval visual culture. The research utilizes a combination of epigraphic analysis, textual studies, and architectural observations to shed light on these aspects. Notably, it uncovers new perspectives on the dating of the Typikon of the Lips Monastery and provides a detailed study of the natural light in the Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessalonike.

Small state soft power strategies: virtual enlargement in the cases of the Vatican City State and Singapore

Vatican City — 2010 — WHE5547165A12

Small states can effectively expand their global influence through 'virtual enlargement' by leveraging soft power strategies, which include political economy potential, governance models, and diplomatic mediation. This study demonstrates that such approaches enable small states to transcend territorial limitations, as illustrated by the cases of Vatican City State and Singapore. The research employs a comparative analysis of these two distinct entities, highlighting their unique soft power dynamics and the mechanisms through which they project influence on an international scale.

Smart monitoring of water quality in Asprokremmos Dam in Paphos, Cyprus using satellite remote sensing and wireless sensor platform

Paphos — 2010 — WHE9F1E8DBEC2

A high correlation (R² = 0.83) between satellite reflectance data from Landsat TM band 3 and water turbidity was identified, demonstrating the potential for accurate, real-time water quality monitoring using remote sensing combined with autonomous sensor platforms. This study addresses a key challenge in water resource management by integrating wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with satellite data to reduce reliance on costly in-situ sampling. The research deployed an energy-autonomous floating buoy equipped with spectroradiometers and turbidity sensors at the Asprokremmos Dam in Paphos, Cyprus, collecting continuous measurements alongside Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery. Regression analysis revealed that TM band 3 provided the strongest correlation with turbidity, offering a scalable solution for monitoring water quality in dams across Cyprus.

Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism on World Heritage Sites: Communities' Perspective of Lamu (Kenya) and Zanzibar Islands

Stone Town of Zanzibar — 2010 — WHE2A237656FB

A comparative analysis of Lamu Old Town (Kenya) and Zanzibar Stone Town reveals divergent socio-cultural impacts of tourism, shaped by differing levels of community involvement in planning, management, and ownership. While governments and tourism organizations prioritize marketing and image creation, local communities seek economic benefits through increased visitation, whereas site managers focus on preservation and mitigating negative effects. The study highlights the tension between these interests, emphasizing the need for balanced strategies that address accessibility, service provision, and visitor behavior to sustain heritage integrity while maximizing socio-economic advantages for locals.

Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal

Sagarmatha National Park — 2010 — WHED85BE3667B

Most solid waste in Sagarmatha National Park and its Buffer Zone is organic, paper, or minor reused material, but non-degradable waste like glass, metal, and plastic poses significant environmental risks due to improper disposal methods such as burning or open dumps. These practices, along with anthropogenic activities and poor sanitation infrastructure, contribute to water contamination, particularly in flood-prone areas near watercourses. The study developed participatory consensus-building models to simulate management scenarios, identifying potential solutions for waste and water quality issues. These findings offer insights applicable to other protected mountain landscapes facing similar challenges due to population growth, changing consumption patterns, and tourism.

Sonoran Desert Network Weavers:Surprising Environmental Successes on the U.S./Mexico Border

El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve — 2010 — WHE156DE9CA78

This study reveals that collaborative networks spanning the U.S./Mexico border have significantly contributed to environmental conservation successes, particularly within the El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve. By analyzing social network dynamics, water allocation strategies, and cross-border governance, researchers demonstrate how structured cooperation can mitigate challenges posed by political boundaries, such as those affecting the Colorado River Delta. The findings highlight the role of intermediary work and relational patterns in effective natural resource management, offering a model for addressing transboundary conservation issues. Interviews with stakeholders and case studies from shared environments provide empirical evidence supporting these insights.

Sources and geodynamics of the Late Cenozoic volcanism of Central Mongolia: Evidence from isotope-geochemical studies

Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape — 2010 — WHE4D7DF9A2F5

Late Cenozoic volcanism in Central Mongolia's South Khangai Volcanic Region (SKhVR) is linked to mantle plume activity, with compositional zoning reflecting plume heterogeneity. The study reveals that volcanic sequences in the Vodorazdel’nyi graben and adjacent valleys exhibit systematic changes in alkali, Ti, P, and lithophile element contents, as well as isotope composition, from central to peripheral regions. Isotope ratios (Sr, Nd, Pb) resemble those of Pitcairn Island and trend between PREMA, EMI, and EMII sources, suggesting the influence of Early Precambrian recycled crustal material. Gravimetric and seismotomographic data support an asthenospheric rise beneath Central Khangai, with the plume channel feeding volcanism in the watershed part of the Khangai Range, likely sourced from PREMA-type lower mantle. The research combines geochronological, petrochemical, geochemical, and isotope studies to unravel the geodynamics and sources of this volcanic activity.

Sourcing flint from Sweden and Denmark. A pilot study employing non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Stevns Klint — 2010 — WHE8225F3B42E

A pilot study successfully demonstrated that non-destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry can chemically distinguish flint samples from different geological formations across Sweden and Denmark. The analysis revealed that flint from Stevns Klint shares chemical signatures with samples from Södra Sallerup, Sweden, suggesting they may have originated from the same glacial-deposited formation despite visual and age differences. Similarly, flints from Klagshamn, Östra Torp, and Smygehuk exhibited identical chemical profiles, indicating a common geological source. The Common Kristianstad Flint (Hanaskog) stood out with a unique Ca/Fe signature, further validating the method's precision.

Soviet Vilnius: Ideology and the Formation of Identity

Vilnius Historic Centre — 2010 — WHE81E3FE76CF

During the Soviet era, Vilnius underwent significant transformations to align with Soviet ideology, reshaping its identity through architectural changes, street renamings, and new monuments. The study reveals that these modifications were not merely physical but also aimed at altering historical narratives, myths, and symbols to legitimize the regime and indoctrinate citizens. By analyzing tangible signs like urban development and intangible elements such as revolutionary myths, the research demonstrates how Soviet authorities sought to erase old historical identities while fostering a new Soviet identity rooted in progress, the Great Patriotic War, and revolutionary ideals.

Space as a function of structure and form : the integrity of architectural vision in the cathedral of St. Etienne at Bourges

Bourges Cathedral — 2010 — WHE0068442BD1

Bourges Cathedral, though often overshadowed by Chartres, represents a unique and innovative architectural vision in the development of Gothic architecture. This study redefines Bourges' historical significance by highlighting its integrated spatial conception and structural advancements, particularly the use of flying buttresses, which allowed for unprecedented verticality and spatial equilibrium. Unlike Chartres, Bourges' design was not widely replicated due to its adaptation to liturgical needs, yet it remains a testament to the artistic emancipation and structural ingenuity of High Gothic architecture. The research contextualizes Bourges within medieval architectural history, challenging long-standing biases by emphasizing its cohesive vision and distinctive features.

Spanish Medieval Art: Recent Studies (review)

Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France — 2010 — WHEF4E8346FED

A collection of interdisciplinary articles reveals the cultural hybridity and artistic syncretism prevalent in medieval Spain, particularly along the Routes of Santiago de Compostela. The study highlights how Christian art and architecture incorporated Islamic elements under monolithic crusader agendas, such as in the church of San Román in Toledo, where Islamic decorations were neutralized within a unifying Christian program. Additionally, it explores the tendency to conflate Jewish and Islamic attributes in Christian iconography, exemplified by a carved Islamic book-cover flap in the cloister of Santa María la Mayor in Tudela. The research employs detailed analysis of physical components, historical sources, and contemporary methods to examine Romanesque and Gothic art across Catalunya, Toledo, and France, offering new perspectives on medieval artistic production and its cultural context.

Spatial and temporal hotspots of termite‐driven decomposition in the Serengeti

Serengeti National Park — 2010 — WHEA822499651

Termite activity in the Serengeti National Park exhibits pronounced spatial and temporal hotspots, particularly concentrated at the top positions of the landscape gradient during the dry season. This study reveals that termites play a significant role as ecosystem engineers by influencing decomposition rates of grass litter and dung, with their consumption patterns varying distinctly between wet and dry seasons. Unlike the wet season, where no positional effect was observed, the dry season saw higher termite activity at elevated catena positions. These hotspots of termite activity overlap with those of mammalian herbivores and predators, suggesting complex interactions within the ecosystem. The research employed field experiments to map termitaria and bait removal patterns, highlighting the need for greater consideration of intraspecific spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in understanding ecosystem dynamics.

Spatial and temporal hydrochemical variations of the spring-fed travertine-depositing stream in the Huanglong Ravine, Sichuan, SW China

Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area — 2010 — WHEC9E931440D

Research reveals that travertine deposition in Huanglong Ravine is driven by intense CO2 degassing, which reduces pCO2 and specific conductivity while increasing pH and saturation index downstream. However, this process is disrupted by snowmelt dilution and additional CO2 inputs from downstream springs. The study also found that travertine deposition accelerates during daylight hours due to higher water temperatures and algal photosynthesis. Additionally, increased phosphate levels linked to tourism activities may inhibit calcite precipitation and contribute to discoloration, posing a threat to the site's unique landscape. To achieve these insights, the researchers employed automatic hydrochemical logging, in situ titration, and laboratory analysis, while also noting the impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on the spring's chemistry.

Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages in a subtropical small stream of the Huangshan Mountain

Mount Huangshan — 2010 — WHE927EB55AF5

Fish assemblages in the Puxi Stream, a subtropical small stream within Mount Huangshan, exhibit significant spatial variation but not temporal variation. Species richness and abundance peak in August and decline towards February, with notable differences among upper, middle, and lower stream groups. Habitat factors such as elevation, substrate, and flow velocity contribute to these patterns, while dam construction does not significantly alter fish assemblages in adjacent or immediately downstream sites. Key species like S. curriculus, Z. platypus, R. bitterling, and A. fasciatus drive assemblage differences. The study suggests human disturbance may reduce diversity in lower reaches but finds no significant impact from low-head dams.