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Showing 13421 – 13440 of 15962 publications

The Late-14th-Century Reconstruction of Westminster Hall

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2020 — WHE45498113F3

Westminster Hall, reconstructed during the reign of King Richard II in the late 14th century, stands as a monumental testament to medieval architectural refinement and royal authority. This reconstruction, overseen by the king's office of works, not only showcased the artistic sophistication of the era but also served as a central venue for national life, hosting key judicial proceedings and ceremonial events. Its significance is paralleled by other notable works of the period, such as the Wilton Diptych, reflecting the cultural and political landscape of the time. The study delves into the historical and architectural context of this reconstruction, providing insights into its design, materials, and enduring legacy within the Palace of Westminster complex.

The list of rotifer and micro-crustacean taxa identified in the inland waters of the regions of Russian Arctic

Putorana Plateau — 2020 — WHE772C5E2961

A comprehensive inventory of rotifer and micro-crustacean taxa from inland waters across seven regions of the Russian Arctic, including the Putorana Plateau (Region V), reveals a rich diversity of freshwater micro-invertebrates. The study consolidates both original field data and historical records spanning 1960–2017, providing the most extensive taxonomic list to date for these remote Arctic ecosystems. Samples were collected from lentic waterbodies during summer campaigns, with additional insights derived from sediment cores and literature reviews. This dataset, encompassing Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda, serves as a critical resource for understanding Arctic freshwater biodiversity and its regional variations.

The Louvre and Versailles

The Palaces of King Ludwig II of Bavaria: Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Schachen and Herrenchiemsee — 2020 — WHEAACDE6A099

Recent scholarly accounts of the architectural contributions to France's grand palaces, the Louvre and Versailles, are challenged by this study. Through exhaustive original research, contemporary testimony, and re-examination of the works themselves, it demonstrates that Claude Perrault and François Mansart played more significant roles in shaping these structures than previously acknowledged. Additionally, it reveals the influence of Italian masters Pietro Cortona and Bernini on Ange-Jacques Gabriel's designs for Versailles, providing a nuanced understanding of their development. The book also explores how the French palaces inspired later architectural ambitions, from Stockholm in the late 17th century to Ludwig II of Bavaria's opulent 19th-century palace at Herrenchiemsee. Supported by illustrative material and documents, this comprehensive analysis traces the evolution of these palaces within the broader context of monarchy, court etiquette, and financial constraints.

The making of the Grand Canal in China: beyond knowledge and power

The Grand Canal — 2020 — WHE919EC1D1B1

The inscription of the Grand Canal of China on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014 was not a straightforward process dictated solely by state power. Instead, it involved complex negotiations among diverse human and non-human factors, including state authorities, local bureaus, hydraulic projects, archaeological findings, and built environments. This study reveals that the final nomination dossier emerged from compromises among these varied agencies, challenging conventional critiques of World Heritage processes. By employing an actor-network approach, the research highlights a dynamic web of relationships co-produced by competing forces and interests, offering new insights into the interplay between heritage significance and state power.

The Martyrdom of Mosques: Imagery and Iconoclasm in Modern Pakistan

Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley — 2020 — WHEB10FF89457

The destruction of the Bamiyan Buddha statues by the Taliban in 2001 revealed complex dynamics of iconoclasm within Islam, challenging simplistic narratives about religious imagery. While some view iconoclasm as an inherent tradition, others argue it reflects political motivations and a nuanced understanding of image use—distinct from mere abhorrence. The study distinguishes between iconoclasm (selective destruction to prevent idol worship) and broader anti-imagery sentiment, emphasizing that images are not inherently condemned but controlled or redeployed for specific purposes. This includes non-visual forms like gestures, sounds, or symbolic representations. By analyzing historical precedents, such as the 7th–8th century Eastern Church's iconoclasm, the research underscores how Islamic practices engage with imagery in multifaceted ways, beyond binary oppositions of worship or rejection.

The Medieval Sacristy of Westminster Abbey

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2020 — WHEA58F828396

A detailed reconstruction of the medieval sacristy at Westminster Abbey reveals its evolution from a key component of the abbey's 13th-century rebuilding to its eventual demolition in the mid-18th century. This study, combining documentary, visual, and archaeological evidence, highlights how the sacristy's history mirrors broader shifts in religious practices and political power during this period. The research provides new insights into the architectural and functional changes of the abbey, offering a nuanced understanding of its role within the context of England's medieval and early modern landscape.

The Mining Region of Krušnohoří/Erzgebirge on its Way to Becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region — 2020 — WHEDDFCDB377D

The Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region successfully secured UNESCO World Heritage status, highlighting its profound historical and cultural significance. This recognition underscores the region's rich mining heritage, particularly during key periods of ore extraction, and preserves its monumental landmarks. The study details preparatory research projects that contributed to this achievement while also outlining ongoing efforts to promote the region's educational and promotional value. By synthesizing historical development with contemporary conservation strategies, the paper provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and sustaining the region's cultural legacy.

The most marginalized people in Uganda? Alternative realities of Batwa at Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park — 2020 — WHE3A726B4382

Contrary to the dominant narrative, the Batwa people of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park are not merely marginalized victims of development but possess significant agency and expertise. This study challenges prevailing discourses by revealing their active roles in conservation, tourism entrepreneurship, forest ecology, organizational capacity, and political activism. Using relational agency as a conceptual framework—rooted in Foucauldian discourse theory and Actor-Network Theory (ANT)—the research employed in-depth ethnographic methods to uncover alternative realities of the Batwa. Findings demonstrate that while academic, NGO, and governmental narratives often reduce the Batwa to oppressed figures, ethnographic evidence highlights their vibrant community dynamics and situational agency. The study advocates for recognizing the Batwa’s multifaceted contributions, which can reshape conservation and development practices by acknowledging their active participation rather than passive marginalization.

The Multi-tech Protective Monitoring of the Lion Forest Garden Stony Artificial Hills (Suzhou, China)

Classical Gardens of Suzhou — 2020 — WHEA31153FAF7

A multi-technological approach to monitor the stony artificial hills of Lion Forest Garden revealed significant structural degradation, including stone cracking, weathering, water erosion, and subsidence. The study, conducted in 2018-2019 by the Landscape Architecture Engineering Lab of Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, employed various technologies such as 3D scanning, ultrasonic testing, side-scan sonar, and sensors to assess the condition of these hills, which date back to the Yuan Dynasty. While some technologies proved effective, others failed to deliver accurate results, highlighting the challenges in applying modern monitoring techniques to historical structures. The findings provide critical insights for developing a sustainable protective strategy for preserving these culturally significant rockeries.

The Multilingualism of the Early Middle Ages: Evidence from Peripheral Regions of the Regnum orientalium Francorum

Upper Middle Rhine Valley — 2020 — WHE5A33F674DA

Recent research reveals that peripheral regions of the former Roman Empire, particularly along the Rhine and Moselle valleys, underwent significant linguistic transformation from Latin to Germanic during the early Middle Ages. These areas became 'interference zones' where Latin, emerging Romance languages, and Germanic vernaculars coexisted, creating a unique multilingual landscape. The study leverages evidence from toponyms, loanwords, inscriptions, legal texts, and charters to demonstrate this linguistic shift, highlighting how orthography and textual analysis further illuminate the complex interactions between written and spoken language during this period. The findings underscore the widespread multilingualism among the upper classes in these regions, particularly between the 8th and 10th centuries.

The Mystic Cave. A History of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem

Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem — 2020 — WHE62084CE4E0

A multidisciplinary consortium, led by art historical consultant Michele Bacci, has uncovered significant insights into the history and architecture of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Through extensive research since 2010, the team has shed light on the evolution of this ancient basilica, particularly focusing on its 'Mystic Cave,' believed to be the site where Jesus was born. The study integrates art historical analysis with archaeological and architectural documentation, providing a comprehensive understanding of the site's layers of history, from its Byzantine origins to later modifications. This research not only enriches our knowledge of Christian heritage but also offers valuable perspectives on the preservation and interpretation of World Heritage Sites.

The New Palace of Westminster

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2020 — WHEF1715A381A

The New Palace of Westminster, constructed between 1841 and 1861 following the destruction of much of its predecessor by fire in 1834, stands as a monumental architectural achievement of 19th-century Britain. Designed by Sir Charles Barry in collaboration with Augustus Welby Pugin, who contributed significantly to its interior details, the building is celebrated for its grandeur and cultural significance. This study highlights the complex history of its construction and the remarkable partnership between Barry and Pugin, which resulted in a structure that remains an iconic symbol of British heritage. Notably, the 'Dark-lantern' above the Thames, referenced by Geoffrey Hill, underscores the architectural innovation and symbolic depth embedded within the Palace's design.

The Newly Opened Rock Church in the Ground Part of the Monastery Complex The Baptistery from the Ivanovo Rock-hewn Monasteries

Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo — 2020 — WHE003A0C2A23

A previously undocumented rock-hewn church, located at ground level within the Monastery Complex 'The Baptistery' of the Ivanovo Rock-hewn Monasteries, has been discovered and mapped for the first time. This unique temple features a carefully processed eastern half with distinctive architectural elements such as an absid, prosthetic niche, and a replica of the rock-hewn Vladish throne, providing new insights into its construction timeline, purpose, and monastic functions. The study, led by Evgeni Koev, employs detailed mapping and analysis to interpret the church's historical significance within the broader context of Ivanovo's rock-hewn religious sites.

The oceanography and marine ecology of Ningaloo, a World Heritage Area

Ningaloo Coast — 2020 — WHE145C6ABF84

Ningaloo Coast harbors one of the longest and most extensive fringing coral reef systems globally, alongside significant populations of large marine fauna like whale sharks. This ecological richness stems from unique climatic, geomorphologic, and oceanographic conditions, including low land runoff due to arid climate, warm water brought by the Leeuwin Current, and nutrient-rich upwelling events during austral summer. However, recent marine heatwaves since 2011 have caused coral mortality, though less severely than in other regions. Wave-generated cooling currents mitigate warming but not universally. Herbivores are abundant, and brown algae stands support fish recruitment. The study predicts future pressures from a weaker yet more variable Leeuwin Current and increased human use, emphasizing the need for local management actions to counteract these threats.

The Optical Properties of Aerosols at the Summit of Mount Tai in May and June and the Retrieval of the Complex Refractive Index

Mount Taishan — 2020 — WHEF38EF17BEE

Aerosols at the summit of Mount Tai exhibit strong absorption and weak scattering properties, with a complex refractive index (n = 1.38 ± 0.27, k = 0.040 ± 0.056) that differs from other aerosol types. Researchers analyzed data collected between May and June 2017 to determine the optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in East China. The study found a strong correlation between the imaginary part (k) of the refractive index and environmental factors like wind speed and temperature, providing new insights for regional aerosol modeling. This research advances understanding of aerosol behavior in a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offering critical data for future climate studies.

The Origin and Evolution of Late Holocene Tsunamiites in the Doñana National Park (SW Spain): Trace Elements as Geochemical Proxies

Doñana National Park — 2020 — WHECC490DECCC

Researchers have identified three distinct Holocene-age tsunami deposits (around 4.25, 3.56, and 2.2–2 kyr BP) within the Doñana National Park using trace element geochemistry as proxies for marine incursions and high-energy events. The study analyzed sediments from two boreholes, revealing complex estuarine paleoenvironments with inherited mineralogy (e.g., REE-Y-Rb-Sr-Cs-Th-U-Hf-Al-Ti-Co-Cr-Sc) and elements linked to evaporite conditions (Br-Na). Statistical analysis, including linear correlation and factor analysis, highlighted Na, Br, Sr, Hf, and Ti as key indicators of tsunamiites. The findings suggest that trace element geochemistry is a robust tool for identifying past tsunamis, with sediment provenance primarily originating from felsic sources.

The origins and development of New Guinea agriculture

Kuk Early Agricultural Site — 2020 — WHEA049993FA1

Archaeological evidence from the Kuk Early Agricultural Site in New Guinea challenges traditional assumptions about agricultural origins in the South Pacific, supporting claims for agriculture dating back approximately 6000 years. This finding aligns with the presence of domesticated pigs, an introduced species, which are often associated with early agricultural practices across the Pacific. The study proposes an independent development of agriculture in New Guinea, rooted in the domestication of a diverse suite of plants—including staples, vegetables, and fruits—that could sustain populations in varied environments. Given the absence of botanical remains, researchers relied on traditional crop cultivation patterns to reconstruct this agricultural history, offering a compelling narrative for the region's early subsistence strategies.

The palace and fortress complex Alhambra and Generalife as cultural heritage and tourist resource

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada — 2020 — WHEA749190273

A multidisciplinary approach is essential for effectively managing the UNESCO-listed Alhambra and Generalife complex, Spain's second most visited monument. This study highlights significant challenges in conservation, restoration, interpretation, and tourist flow management at such high-traffic cultural heritage sites. The research emphasizes that addressing these issues requires collaboration among specialists from diverse fields to ensure sustainable preservation and optimal visitor experience.

The Palace of Westminster Courtyards Project: Sourcing Stone for Repair and Conservation

Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey including Saint Margaret’s Church — 2020 — WHE24F2761279

Research on the Palace of Westminster, part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, reveals that magnesian limestone—despite its reputation for poor durability—can be highly durable when properly selected and used correctly. The study identified suitable sources for replacement stone, offering both immediate and long-term solutions for repair and conservation. To achieve this, petrographic analysis was conducted on samples from the building to match existing stonework characteristics. Durability was assessed using established tests and novel methodologies, including large-scale wall exposures to accelerated frost weathering under realistic conditions. Logistical challenges, such as sourcing and transport issues, along with mason unfamiliarity, were also found to contribute to the original stone's decay.

The Parents’ Parenting Patterns Who Work in Borobudur Temple Area with Development of Student Characters in Elementary Schools

Borobudur Temple Compounds — 2020 — WHEFFE4B44D7F

Research reveals that permissive parenting patterns among parents working in the Borobudur Temple Area significantly influence the character development of elementary school students, particularly at Ringin Putih Elementary School 01 Borobudur. This qualitative study analyzed data from parents and students to demonstrate how work-related factors in this UNESCO World Heritage Site context shape parenting behaviors, thereby affecting student character traits. The findings underscore the importance of understanding cultural and occupational influences on child development in heritage-rich environments.