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Showing 15021 – 15040 of 15962 publications

Some Elements of Antiquity in Representation of Mountains in Georgian Painting of the 12th and 13th Centuries

Gelati Monastery — 2015 — WHE3E9CFE8A44

A novel interpretation of mountain imagery in Georgian medieval art reveals deeper cosmological and philosophical meanings. The study identifies two distinct representations: mountains with immense roots, symbolizing cosmological elements, and anthropomorphic mountains, potentially linked to Neo-Platonic thought. These interpretations are drawn from murals at Gelati Monastery (13th century) and other Georgian churches, challenging conventional stylistic analyses. The research employs a comparative approach, examining visual motifs alongside historical and philosophical contexts, particularly the influence of Ioanne Petritsi's Neo-Platonic studies at Gelati.

Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina: Are harmful algal blooms to blame?

Península Valdés — 2015 — WHE60AF357ED8

A concerning increase in southern right whale calf mortality at Península Valdés, Argentina—with 90% of deaths occurring in calves under three months old since 2005—may be linked to harmful algal blooms (HABs). Research identifies a statistically significant correlation between the density of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and calf deaths, though no such link was found with the dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Evidence of whale exposure to HAB toxins includes trace levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and domoic acid (DA) in tissue samples, as well as Pseudo-nitzschia frustules in fecal matter. The study analyzed multiple datasets, including biotoxin levels, algal abundances, shellfish harvesting closures, prey availability, and satellite chlorophyll data, to assess the potential role of HABs in these mortalities.

Spontaneous flora of the Rila Monastery (Bulgaria)

Rila Monastery — 2015 — WHEEB70CC7E78

A study of the spontaneous flora at Rila Monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bulgaria, identified 110 vascular plant species across 43 families and 94 genera. The research, conducted between 2008 and 2012, revealed that most species were native perennials (hemicryptophytes), with notable species like Sclerochloa dura and Plantago major. The distribution of these plants was influenced by ecological factors such as soil moisture, light exposure, and human activity. Additionally, anemochoric woody species (Acer pseudoplatanus, Fraxinus excelsior, etc.) were found colonizing the monastery's structures, posing risks to its conservation.

Stable Isotopes and Zooarchaeology at Teotihuacan, Mexico Reveal Earliest Evidence of Wild Carnivore Management in Mesoamerica

Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan — 2015 — WHE508FFB6C72

Research at Teotihuacan, Mexico, provides the earliest evidence of wild carnivore management for ritualistic purposes in Mesoamerica, predating historical accounts by nearly 1000 years. Stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of bones and teeth from nearly 200 carnivorous animals, including eagles and felids, reveals that some were fed a maize-based diet, indicative of captivity. Skeletal pathologies further support this finding, showing signs of infectious disease and injuries consistent with captive conditions. This study challenges previous assumptions about the timing and extent of carnivore management in the region, offering new insights into the social and ritualistic significance of these animals during the construction of the Moon and Sun Pyramids (A.D. 1-550).

Sun Temple Konark Orissa, India

Sun Temple, Konârak — 2015 — WHE6F2644C58F

The Sun Temple at Konârak, India, stands as a remarkable architectural marvel designed to align with the sun's first rays, symbolizing its celestial significance. Built by King Langula Nar Singh Dev around 1200 AD, this 'black pagoda' is structured in the form of a chariot pulled by eight horses, reflecting advanced engineering and artistic innovation of the era. The temple's design ensures that sunlight illuminates its sanctum at dawn, underscoring its spiritual and astronomical importance. This study highlights the temple's unique alignment and symbolic representation, offering insights into ancient Kalinga's architectural prowess and cultural heritage.

Sustainable Cities and the Contribution of Historical Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Historical Persian Gardens

The Persian Garden — 2015 — WHECA7129DF22

Historical Persian gardens emerge as vital components for urban sustainability, enhancing citizens' well-being and fostering community cohesion. Unlike generic urban green spaces, these heritage sites offer multifaceted benefits, including psychological relief, social congregation, and economic activation, while maintaining cultural identity and emotional resonance. A case study of actively used historical Persian gardens demonstrates their potential to address urban dwelling challenges by strengthening place attachment and accommodating diverse social functions. The research highlights their role as a cohesive municipal resource, integrating cities' fabric and contributing to environmental sustainability.

Sustainable regional development: Reconciling global and local dynamics and stakes in the Swiss Alps

Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch — 2015 — WHE4CEAEC8A1A

Sustainable development in the Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch World Heritage Site (WHS) hinges on local and regional dynamics, not global or national frameworks. Research reveals that while tourism drives economic growth, achieving sustainability requires balancing diverse interests through quality dialogue. Unlike traditional political or administrative units, this WHS crosses boundaries, complicating governance. Studies using population data, employment indicators, and stakeholder interviews found that local solutions are essential, as broader policies often lack specificity. The global WHS label alone does not guarantee sustainability; success depends on tailored regional strategies.

Terrace Agriculture of the Hani People – Cultural Heritage of the South-West China

Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces — 2015 — WHE90E802E7E6

The Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, recognized by UNESCO in 2013, exemplifies the enduring integration of indigenous agricultural practices with natural landscapes. This study highlights how the Hani and Yi peoples have sustained terrace agriculture for over 1,300 years, preserving both cultural traditions and ecological balance. The research emphasizes the unique morphology of terraced slopes and ancient cultivation techniques that facilitate the growth of red rice, a staple crop in the region. These practices not only support sustainable agriculture but also contribute to erosion prevention and landslide mitigation. Additionally, the landscape's seasonal fluctuations and aesthetic appeal reflect a harmonious blend of human activity and natural beauty, symbolizing the ethnic minorities' way of life and associated ritual customs.

Terrestrial gastropods of Srebarna Nature Reserve, North-Eastern Bulgaria (Gastropoda)

Srebarna Nature Reserve — 2015 — WHE8E3C4A1487

A pioneering investigation into the terrestrial gastropod fauna of Srebarna Nature Reserve, North-Eastern Bulgaria, revealed 27 species, with 23 representing new observations for the site. This study marks the first comprehensive assessment of land snails in this UNESCO-listed wetland, providing critical data on biodiversity within a protected area. Researchers employed extensive field surveys across 23 localities to document species diversity and distribution patterns. The findings highlight the reserve's ecological significance as a habitat for diverse gastropod communities, contributing valuable baseline information for conservation efforts.

The 12 prophets dataset

Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas — 2015 — WHE3A79C9957D

The 'Ajeijadinho 3D' project successfully created a comprehensive dataset of 3D digitized artworks by the renowned Brazilian sculptor Aleijadinho, including the 12 prophets at the Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas. This initiative leveraged advanced 3D scanning technology to non-invasively capture intricate details from distances of 10 to 30 meters, eliminating the need for site preparation or isolation. The dataset, accessible via a web portal (http://www.aleijadinho3d.icmc.usp.br), enables detailed visualization and interaction with these cultural treasures, fostering preservation and dissemination. Collaborative efforts between the University of São Paulo and Imprimate ensured meticulous processing of the 3D meshes, highlighting the potential of digital technology in safeguarding UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The 2013 Judgment of the ICJ in theTemple of Preah VihearCase and the Protection of World Cultural Heritage Sites in Wartime

Temple of Preah Vihear — 2015 — WHEE775E16561

A critical analysis of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) 2013 judgment in the Temple of Preah Vihear case reveals its narrow interpretation of states' obligations under the World Heritage Convention, particularly concerning the protection of cultural heritage during wartime. While the ICJ emphasized cooperation between Cambodia and Thailand for safeguarding the temple—a site of 'outstanding universal value'—it overlooked the applicability of wartime heritage protection regimes. This study dissects the Court's jurisprudence, highlighting its implications for international cultural heritage law and broader legal frameworks. By contextualizing the judgment within evolving global standards, it underscores gaps in the ICJ's approach that could compromise the preservation of vulnerable sites during conflicts.

The Bonobo Pan paniscus (Mammalia: Primates: Hominidae) nesting patterns and forest canopy layers in the Lake Tumba forests and Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo

Salonga National Park — 2015 — WHE8C12240560

Research reveals a strong correlation between bonobo nesting patterns and specific forest structures within Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. Bonobos preferentially nest in mixed mature forests with closed understories, where leaf-covered areas (LCA) at mid-storey elevations (4–16 m) are significantly higher compared to non-nesting sites. This preference is not observed in open or secondary forest types. The study systematically analyzed 134 transects, measuring canopy cover, structure, tree densities, and basal areas, while calculating LCA for seven forest types. Notably, nesting sites exhibited greater mid-storey leaf cover (55–55%) than non-nesting sites (39–42%), suggesting that bonobos favor habitats with complex vertical stratification. These findings highlight the importance of closed-canopy, mature forests in bonobo habitat selection and conservation efforts.

The Bronze Calyx-Krater from the ‘Heuzey B’ Tomb in Vergina (Ancient Aigai)

Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina) — 2015 — WHE732F6F6073

A bronze calyx-krater, adorned with Maenad masks on its handles, was uncovered in the 'Heuzey B' tomb at Vergina (ancient Aigai), reinforcing its significance as a funerary urn from the late 4th century BC. This discovery, part of the Heuzey burial group, contributes to a small but notable collection of similar bronze kraters from Macedonia, including findings from Vergina-Aigai and Pydna, as well as comparative studies in Athens. The krater's dating aligns with archaeological evidence, underscoring its cultural and historical importance within the broader context of ancient Macedonian burial practices.

The Bryophyte Flora of the Vatican City State

Vatican City — 2015 — WHE5529EBDAEE

A comprehensive bryological survey of Vatican City State reveals 121 taxa of bryophytes, including 14 liverworts and 107 mosses, with significant biogeographical implications. Notably, one liverwort and nine moss species are newly recorded for the Lazio Region, with Tortula bolanderi marking the first report for the Italian peninsula. The study, conducted primarily in the Vatican Gardens, fills a critical gap in the unexplored bryological landscape of this territory, contributing valuable data to regional flora knowledge.

The chronology and the historical context of the construction of the Studenica monastery: Contribution to the study

Studenica Monastery — 2015 — WHE37587269F1

A new analysis of early hagiographies and political records reveals that the construction of Studenica Monastery under Stefan Nemanja was closely tied to Byzantine influences, particularly during the reign of Emperor Isaac II Angelos. The study identifies a chrysobull issued by Nemanja, along with his title of 'samodrzac' (autokrator), as key historical markers that date the monastery's founding and contextualize its architectural development within broader political relations between Serbia and Byzantium.

The cultural and economic significance of Hampi festival

Group of Monuments at Hampi — 2015 — WHEEB7F0DFEEA

Hampi festival, revived by the Government of Karnataka and held at Hampioffers substantial untapped cultural and economic potential. This festival, a grand spectacle featuring dance, music, fireworks, and processions, recreates the opulence of the Vijayanagara Empire while attracting national and international visitors. Focus group discussions with stakeholders revealed opportunities for improvement, highlighting its significance as both a cultural extravaganza and an economic driver. The study emphasizes leveraging such large-scale festivals to maximize cultural heritage preservation and economic benefits.

The Cultural Tourism Management under Context of World Heritage Sites: Stakeholders’ Opinions between Luang Prabang Communities, Laos and Muang-kao Communities, Sukhothai,Thailand

Town of Luang Prabang — 2015 — WHE81B687DB27

A comparative study of stakeholder perspectives on cultural tourism management in UNESCO World Heritage Sites reveals three key groups shaping policy and promotion: government agencies, entrepreneurs, and the general public. In Luang Prabang, Laos, and Muang-kao, Thailand, stakeholders emphasize preservation under the 'Live World Heritage Town' concept while advocating for broader public participation. Government bodies like the Heritage House (Laos) and Tourism Authority of Thailand oversee heritage management, while entrepreneurs drive tourism services and training. The public supports government-led efforts but insists on active involvement in heritage conservation, reflecting differing yet aligned priorities between these UNESCO-protected sites established in 1995 (Luang Prabang) and 1991 (Sukhothai). This qualitative research highlights the balance between governance, economic engagement, and community-driven preservation in sustaining cultural tourism.

The effects of past climate variability on fire and vegetation in the cerrãdo savanna ecosystem of the Huanchaca Mesetta, Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, NE Bolivia

Noel Kempff Mercado National Park — 2015 — WHE6F6A498522

A 14,500-year sedimentary record from Huanchaca Mesetta in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park reveals the resilience of cerrãdo savanna ecosystems to past climate variability. The study found that while fire activity increased during the Holocene due to warming conditions, fuel availability decreased under prolonged dry seasons, shaping modern vegetation patterns. Natural drivers—soil, climate, and fire—rather than human influence have primarily controlled vegetation and fire regimes in this ecosystem. Analyzing phytoliths, stable isotopes, and charcoal provided high-resolution insights into past environmental changes.

The End

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks — 2015 — WHE20933EE628

Hopewell communities appear to have formally terminated their activities through ritualized practices, including burning structures and burying mounds with earth. At the Fort Ancient earthwork's Moorehead Circle, a complex of wooden posts, ceremonial features, and gravel trenches was found, with many posts removed in ways suggesting deliberate termination. This study highlights the structured nature of these rituals across multiple locations within the circle, offering new insights into the symbolic significance of post treatment in Hopewell culture.

The Evolution of Roman Frontier Concept and Policy

Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Dacia — 2015 — WHEB71EF97A4C

Roman frontier policy during its expansion was characterized by a unique approach that balanced defense with permeability, allowing for the free movement of people and goods—a stark contrast to modern frontier concepts. This study reveals that despite Rome's ideological claim of infinite territorial reach, its actual frontiers evolved dynamically over a millennium, adapting to challenges posed by external threats. The research highlights Dacia as a prime example of this complex system, where frontier development peaked during the 2nd century AD, reflecting Rome's innovative strategies for securing its borders while maintaining cultural and economic exchange. By analyzing historical records and archaeological evidence, the study reconstructs how Roman frontier policies evolved in response to territorial expansion and external pressures.